OPV CH2 notes - OPV ch2 participative learning PDF

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OPV ch2 participative learning...

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C H A P T E R 2 : PARTICIPATIVE LEARNING Dynamic process in which the teacher engages learners in activities for effective learning. Teacher: Student: - sound content knowledge - Actively participates in - repertoire of teaching methods activities - management skills Teacher-directed learning & learner-participative learning. Teaching-learning dynamics: Participative teaching à - actively engage learners. - Invite participation. - Allow students to assimilate & accommodate information.

Participative learning à - Intrinsic engagement with content. - Knowledge is relative to prior knowledge.

1. THE CONCEPT OF PARTICIPATIVE LEARNING: JOHN DEWEY Reflective thought à engagement & evaluation. Reflective learning à uncertainty = thought process & finding info to clear uncertainty. Reflective teaching à on teaching & environment. socio-cultural differences. facilitating knowledge construction. JEAN PIAGET Theory of cognitive development : ‘schema’ à new information is assimilated & accommodated through adaptation. Learning occurs when knowledge is altered with new information à constructivism. LEV VYGOTSKY Zone of proximal development (ZDP). Scaffolding : given support until they can apply new skills independently. PAULO FREIRE Against passive reception of factual knowledge à banking knowledge.

Conditions for participative learning: No destructive criticism. Reflective enquiry balances learning. Learners express views. Learners to explore all possibilities about learning content. Learning by enquiry: Involves interpreting new knowledge. - Learning strategies à asking questions & finding solutions. Sharing responsibility: Lets the learner own the learning process. - Extensive lesson planning needed.

2. RATIONALE FOR A PARTICIPATIVE APPROACH: o Stimulate active learning: Content is intended to enrich existing understanding of reality rather than replace it. Allow learners to bring up their experiences during class time (discussions). o Encourage personal interpretations: If students are forced to express an opinion, s/he says what the teacher wants to hear. Tis impedes the development of critical thinking. o Develop independent thinking: Strive to ask thought provoking questions & give them adequate time to think about answers. o Nurture inquisitiveness: Curiosity & inquisitive nature are characteristics of all humans.

3. MAKING PARTICIPATIVE LEARNING A REALITY: The teacher should design learning activities that challenge all learners to think critically & express their views freely. Roots à philosophy. Trunk à roles of the teacher. Branches à study fields to master to be a teacher. Outer edge à curriculum components.

4. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PARTICIPATIVE APPROACH: o Flexibility: Teachers refrain from rigidly adhering to a specific lesson plan. Should not be viewed as rigid step-by-step procedures & followed as a fixed routine. Develop accommodating personalities & be approachable to learners. o Real-life situations: Successful learning à search for & discover the knowledge that makes them operate confidently in their own lives. o Democratic learning climate: Principles to follow for a democratic classroom à - Self-expression is encouraged. - Variety of resources. o Spirit of co-operation: Everyone has different views & through exchange of these, negotiated meanings emerge. o Individual responsibility: Crucial to provide learners with opportunities to develop some sense of responsibility for the own learning.

5. LEARNER EMPOWERMENT: Act of giving power to the learner via teaching à emancipatory teaching. - Strong sense of self. - Ability to move up in the world. - Feeling of being mentally strong. Empowerment can be achieved through: - Discussion - Assessment - Experimental learning - Learner’s questions - Building self-esteem

6. TEACHER QUALITIES: - Sound subject knowledge. - Know how to teach their subjects according to the needs of the subject & learner.

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Know their learners (how they learn) & understand their individual needs. Communicate effectively. Highly developed literacy, numeracy & IT skills. Knowledge of curriculum & unpack its contents. Understand diversity (SA context). Classroom management skills. Assess learners in reliable & varied ways. Have a positive work ethic. Reflect critically, in theoretically informed ways with their professional community....