Organic Molecules Review Worksheet Chapter 2 (2.3 & 2 PDF

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review sheet on organic or biological molecules; used as a study guide/review at the end of the unit on macromolecules...

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Name:____________KEY____________________________Date:__________________________Period:________ 

OrganicMoleculesReviewWorksheet|Chapter2(2.3&2.5)  CarbonBasedMolecules 1. Intermsofscience,whatdoestheterm“organic”mean?Containscarbon,orcarbonbased. 2. WhatisitaboutCarbon’satomicstructurethatmakesit“thebuildingblockoflife”? Ithas4outerelectrons(needs8tobefull)soitcanformuptoFOURBONDS. 3. Namethefourdifferenttypesoforganicmolecules:

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Proteins

Nucleicacids



4. Definethefollowingandlabelthefollowingpicture: a. Monomer:Smallercarbonbasedsub‐unit

One Many

b. Polymer:Achainoflinkedmonomers 

Monomer

 Carbohydrates 5. Listthe3elementsthatmakeupcarbohydrates: a. Carbon Polymer

b. Hydrogen c. Oxygen

6. Whatistheratiooftheseelementstooneanother?__1__:___2___:__1__ a. Ifacarbohydratehad8carbonatoms,howmanyhydrogen&oxygenatomswouldthiscarbohydratecontain? i. Hydrogen:16ii.Oxygen:8 

 7. Fillinthetableforthethreemajorpolysaccharidesandonemonosaccharideusedinbiology:

TypeofCarbohydrate MonomerorPolymer? SugarorGlucoseorFrutose (Monomer) Starch (Polymer) Glycogen (Polymer) Cellulose (Polymer) 

Wherefound?

Characteristics/Function

Plants

Sourceofenergy/food

Plants/Animals

Excessplantsugarthatgetsconvertedandstored

Animals

Plants

Specificstarchfoundintheliverandmusclesof animals‐itisareadilyavailablesourceofenergy Aplantstarchfoundinthecellwalls,whichhelp maketheplantrigid

Lipids 8. Namethe3maintypesoflipids:Oils,fats,waxes,cholesterol,membrane(youcouldhaveanyofthese). 9. Whatarethemainfunctionsoflipids? a. Usableenergyforcells b. Theymakeupthecellmembrane c. Usedforinsulation 10. Fillinthetableforlipids: Monomer

Polymers

Fattyacid

Fat

Lipid

Membrane



11. LabelaseitherSATURATEDorUNSATURATED:

Unsaturated Saturated a.________________________________b._______________________________  Have fatty acids in which all carboncarbon bonds are single bonds.

Have fatty acids with at least one carbon-carbon double bond.



Saturated Unsaturated c.________________________________ d._________________ ______________ 12. Fillinthetablebelow: SaturatedFats

Solid

Characteristics

UnsaturatedFats

State(soild/liquid/gas)at roomtemperature

Liquid



Animals

Commonlyfoundinwhichtype oforganisms

Plants



Single

Typesofbondsconnecting carbonatoms

Double





13. Whatisthestructurebelow?Labelallpartsofthisstructureincludingthepolar&nonpolarregions. Phospholipid a. ________________________________    

Polar, phosphate head (usually glycerol in other lipids)

Non polar, fatty acid tails

NucleicAcids 14. Fillinthetablefornucleicacids: Monomer

Polymers(Thereare2types)

DNA

Functions

Storesinformation/instructionsonhow tomakeproteins.

Nucleotide CopiesDNA’sinstructionsandtakesthem RNA totheribosome.  protein 15.Fillintheblank:Thearrangementofthenucleotidesdeterminesthekindof___________________ created. 16.CircleanentirenucleotideontheDNAsegment. P 17.HowmanynucleotidesareshownintheDNA P S segmentpictured?8 A S P 18.NamethethreepartsofaDNAnucleotide. P S G a.Phosphate(P) S P P b.Sugar(S) S T S c.Nitrogencontaining(nitrogenous)base P P S 19.FillintheDNAmoleculestotherightusingletters: C S P P(phosphate) G(guanine) P S(sugar) T(thymine) A(adenine)

C(cytosine)

Proteins 20. Fillinthetableforproteins: Monomer

Polymer

Aminoacid

Protein/polypeptide

Function Manydifferentfunctions(ex:theprotein hemoglobintransportsoxygen)



21. Howmanydifferentaminoacidsareusedtobuildproteinsinorganisms?20 22. Fillintheblanks:Theorder/arrangementofaminoacidsdeterminesthetypeofproteinmade.Evenone incorrectaminoacidplacementcanchangeaprotein’sstructureandfunction.

26. Whattypeofbondsformbetweenaminoacids?

23. Whatisthemoleculepicturedbelow? Aminoacid

Peptidebonds(atypeofcovalentbond)

24. Labelthemolecule’sparts(a–c).

27. Whatisanothertermforprotein?

25. Circlethegrouponthestructure(picturedbelow) thatisdifferentforeveryoneofthesemolecules. R-group 

Polypeptide 28. Draw,onthemoleculespicturedbelow,2arrows wherethesebondswouldbe:













  

Amino group

Carboxyl group

Enzymes 29. Defineenzyme:Atypeofproteinthatspeedsupchemicalreactionsbyloweringtheactivationenergy. 30. Whatisanothertermforanenzyme?Acatalyst(whichissomethingthatspeedsthingsup). 31. Whyareenzymesimportant? a. Theyreducetheactivationenergy,allowinghomeostasistobemaintained. b. Givetwoexamples: i. Enzymeshelpbreakdownfood(metabolism/digestion) ii. Enzymeshelpbuildprotein 32. Whatare3characteristicsofenzymes? Characteristicsof Enzymes

Examples/Explanation

Specific

Enzymeshaveaspecific“activesite”whereonlycertainmoleculescanbond(that’swhyit’s calleda“lockandkey”).Theirnamesarespecifictowhattheydo,  ex:amylasebreaksdownamylose.

Reusable

Enzymescanbeusedoverandover.

Sensitive

Muststaywithinasetrangeoftemperatureand/orpH,otherwisetheystarttobreakapart. 

 33. Whatcausesenzymestonolongerwork?pH,temperature,radiation,chemicalsinteractingwiththe enzymesoutsideofhealthyranges.

...