OSHA Review Final PDF

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Study guide for OSHA final exam...

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Occupational Safety & Hazard Association Notes • •

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BE SAFE (Burns, electrocution, shock, arch/flash, arc blast, fire and explosions) acronym lists potential hazards when working with or around power sources: What a GFCI does: o A ground fault circuit interrupter is a device that shuts off an electric power circuit when it detects that current is flowing along an unintended path, such as through water or a person What employers are required to do to protect workers from electrocution hazards: Safe work practices to protect yourself from electrocution hazards: o Do not remove the cover of a wiring or breaker box o Use guard or barriers and replace covers o Isolate electrical parts, cabinets, boxes, and fittings Even when power systems are properly grounded, extreme conditions turn safe conditions to hazardous: OSHA’s mission: o To save lives, prevent injuries, and protect the health of America’s workers § Develop job safety and health standards and enforce them through worksite inspections § Maintain a reporting and recordkeeping system to keep track of job-related injuries and illnesses § Provide training programs to increase knowledge about safety and health Rights to workers provided through the creation of OSHA: o Safe and healthful workplace, knowledge of hazardous chemicals, information about injuries and illnesses in your workplace, complaints or requests of hazard correction from employer, training, hazard exposure and medical records, filing complaints with OSHA, participation in OSHA inspections, free from retaliation for exercising safety and health rights o Workers may bring up safety and health concerns in the workplace to their employers without fear of discharge of discrimination, as long as the complaint is made in good faith o OSHA regulations (29CFR 1997(9)(c) protect workers who complain to their employer about unsafe or unhealthful conditions in the workplace o Workers have a right to get training from employers on a variety of health and safety hazards and standards that employers must follow o Some require training covers topics such as lockout-tagout, bloodborne pathogens, noise, confined spaces, fall hazards in construction, PPE, etc. Information given on Safety Data Sheets (SDS): o Provides comprehensive information about a substance or mixture for use in workplace chemical management The records workers have a right to view: o OSHA’s recordkeeping rule requires most employers with more than 10 workers to keep a log of injuries and illnesses o Workers have the right to view the current log and the logs stored for the past 5 years

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o Workers have the right to view the annually posted summary of the injuries and illnesses (OSHA 300A) o (1910.1020): right to examine and copy records Rights you have during an OSHA inspection: o Employee representative can accompany OSHA inspector o Workers can talk to the inspector privately o Workers may point out hazards, describe injuries, illnesses or near misses that resulted from those hazards and describe any concern you have about a safety or health issue o Workers can find out about inspection results, abatement measures and may object to dates set for violation to be corrected Responsibilities employers have under OSHA: o Provide a workplace free from hazards and comply with OSHA standards o Provide training required by OSHA standards o Keep records of injuries and illnesses § Report each worker death, report each incident that hospitalized 3 or more workers, maintain injury & illness records, inform workers how to report an injury or illness to the employer, make records available to workers, allow OSHA access to records, post annual summary of injuries & illnesses o Provide medical exams when required by OSHA standards and provide workers access to their exposure and medical records o Not discriminate against workers who exercise their rights under Section 11(c) o Post OSHA citations and abatement verification notices o Provide and pay for PPE The section of the OSHA Act which gives employees the right to seek safety and health on the job without fear of punishment: o Section 5(a)(1): “Each employer shall furnish to each of his employee’s employment and a place of employment which are free from recognized hazards that are causing or are likely to cause death or serious physical harm to his employees” o Workers have the right to be free from retaliation for exercising safety and health rights o Workers have a right to seek safety and health on the job without fear of punishment o This right is spelled out in Section 11(c) of the OSH Act o Workers have 30 days to contact OSHA if they feel they have been punished for exercising their safety and health rights What PPE employers are required to pay for: The standards [part numbers] for Construction & General Industry: o OSHA standards fall into four categories: general industry, construction, maritime, and agriculture o OSHA issues standards for a wide variety of workplace hazards o Where there are no specific OSHA standards, employers must comply with The General Duty Clause, Section 5(a)(1) The types of OSHA inspections:

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o The OSH Act authorizes OSHA compliance safety and health officers to conduct workplace inspections at reasonable times o OSHA conducts inspections without advance notice, except in rare circumstances (e.g. Imminent Danger) o Anyone who tells an employer about an OSHA inspection in advance can receive fines and a jail term o Priority: Imminent Danger (1), Fatality/Catastrophe (2), Complaints/Referrals (3), Programmed Inspections (4) How long citations must be posted: o Until the violation has been abated or for 3 working days, whichever is later The best way to submit a complaint: o workers may request that their name not be revealed to the employer o if a worker files a complaint, they have the right to find out OSHA’s action on the complaint and request a review if an inspection is not made o Download the OSHA complaint from OSHA’s website o Telephone or visit local regional or area offices to discuss your concerns What consists of a personal fall arrest system: o Anchorage, lifeline, and body harness The ways employers can protect workers from falls: o Personal fall arrest systems, guardrails (including top rail, mid-rail, and toe board), safety nets The heights which require fall protection: o You must be protected if you can fall more than 6 feet o Surfaces with unprotected sides and edges: o Scaffolds: 10 feet or more Guardrail heights for top and middle rails: o Top rails between 39 and 45 inches tall; toeboards at least 3 ½ inches high How high the top of a ladder must extent above the surface you are climbing to: o Must extend at least 3 feet above the upper landing surface Stairways with four or more risers, or higher than 30 inches, must be equipped with at least one handrail Stairs must be installed between 30 and 50 degrees The height of an elevation break which would require a stairway or ladder: o 19 inches or more The force (in pounds) which the top rail of a guardrail must withstand: o Handrails and top rails must be able to withstand a force of 200 pounds What classifies as a struck-by injury: o Injuries produced by forced contact of impact between the person and a piece of equipment Examples of struck-by flying hazards: o Tools falling from an elevated surface, anything propelled across the jobsite When loads are mechanically lifted the load may cause a struck-by incident if the load swings or turns: What you may wear to protect yourself when working in a construction zone to be more easily seen: o A highly visible reflective vest

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The different types of struck-by hazards: o Struck by flying object o Struck by falling object o Struck by swinging object o Struck by rolling object Workers should avoid working with equipment and machinery that has not been lockedout To avoid being caught-in or between equipment, workers should not put themselves between the moving equipment and an immovable object: The greatest risk of excavations which is also considered a caught-in or between hazard: o Cave-ins The different types of ways to protect employees within trenches: o Shield – trench box that is permanent or portable o Shoring – Metal system that supports the sides o Sloping – angle the sides of the trench away from the excavation The distance spoil piles must be from the edge of excavation: o 2 feet minimum Common types of health hazards in construction: o Chemical – welding fumes, asbestos, lead o Physical – noise, temperature, vibration, radiation o Biological – animals, sewage, blood o Ergonomic – excessive force, lifting and pushing The different types of physical health hazards: o Noise o Temperature extremes o Vibration o Radiation Appropriate engineering controls to protect against noise exposures: o Silencers o Mufflers o Enclosures o Sound barriers The requirements of the employer regarding health hazards and permissible exposure limits: o Permissible exposure limits for all chemicals o Monitoring and protection programs o Hazard Communication Program § Workers right to know § Hazardous chemical training § Written plan § Proper chemical labeling § SDS The class of hardhat required for different types of work: o Class G – General service (mining, building construction) o Class E- Electrical work, protect against falling objects o Class C – Designed for comfort, limited protection against anything

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The first option which should be chosen to protect employees from hazards: o Assess the workplace to determine if hazards are present The minimum distance away from overhead power lines up to 50kv required for safe work practices: o Stay at least 10 feet away The type of crane accidents and which one accounts for the majority of those accidents: o Contact with power lines o Overturns o Falls o Mechanical failures o Majority occur by § Instability § Lack of communication § Lack of training § Inadequate maintenance Where you should NOT be when there is a suspended load on a crane: o Do not stand under suspended loads...