P7 Revision MAT - Radiation revision notes PDF

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These are notes on GCSE Radiation to help with background knowledge on radiation....

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1

AQA Physics Combined Science Unit 4: Atomic Structure Higher

Complete the diagram below to show where in an atom you would find

a

c

Two isotopes of carbon are shown below:

the protons, neutrons and electrons.

12 6

C

14 6

C

Radioactive decay is the process of the nucleus emitting ionising radiation.

e

The unit for radioactivity is…

Explain the term count rate.

Define the term isotope.

Name the piece of equipment used to determine count rate. Explain why alpha radiation would not be used as a medical tracer. Name three safety precautions to be taken when handling a radioactive source. 1.

Explain the effect that half-life has on the choice of medical tracer.

2. Explain why atoms have no overall charge.

3.

Describe the plum pudding model of the atom.

Complete the sentences by deleting the incorrect answer.

d

State the difference between irradiation and contamination. keywords: exposed, radioactive, contaminated, harmful

b

Most of the mass of an atom is concentrated in the nucleus/electron shells. The radius of the nucleus is 1000/10 000 times smaller/larger than the radius of the atom. The element sodium is shown below. Complete the following equation for the alpha decay of uranium-234: 11 23

Na

234 92

U

Th + He

Sodium has the following number of… protons:

Complete the following equation for the beta decay of lead-214:

neutrons: electrons:

214 82

Pb

Bi + e

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f

2

AQA Physics Combined Science Unit 4: Atomic Structure Higher a

Complete the following table.

Type of Radiation

Description

alpha

helium nucleus

Penetration

Range in Air

Ionising Power Substance A is a radioactive material that will change with time. The data below shows the radioactivity of

stopped by

a few

substance A. Time (days)

stopped by

high-speed electron

several

stopped by

EM radiation

e

Define the term half-life

Count rate (counts/second)

0

2

4

6

8

10

120

60

30

15

7.5

3.75

at least a

120

Plot a half-life graph on the graph paper.

Cobalt-60 has an activity rate of 1000Bq and a

b

half-life of 5 years. What will be the activity after

The equations below show the alpha decay of

d

110

Use your graph to calculate the half-life.

100

90

radon and the beta decay of carbon-14.

10 years?

radon 86

polonium + 2 He 84

14

14

6

7

carbon

0

nitrogen + -1 e

What effect do alpha and beta decay have on the mass of the nucleus? c

Fill in the blanks:

alpha:

80

4

215

Counts per minute

219

70

60

50

40

30

Electrons are arranged in different levels around the

20

. If electromagnetic

is absorbed, then electrons move from the

10

(to a higher

energy level). If electromagnetic emitted, then the electrons move to a

is

beta:

0 0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Times (days)

(closer to the nucleus).

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