Panopto lecture notes part 2 PDF

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Panopto lecture notes part 2: Pantopto 13: futurism - Filippo tomasso marinetti : wrote futurist manifesto in 1909 published in Le figero newspaper. Rejected older art forms. Wanted to embrace speed factories violence future and revolution. - Futurism developed out of a rapidly modernizing italy - Aligned with italian nationalist movements wanted to unite italy through wars of conquest. New art for the italian country - Artists needed to take violent action to throw away old and embrace new - Embrace elements of modernity: speed, industry, machines, the new, technology, - Disdained the natural world and hatred of the past and passive - Love of dynamism, movement, violence, struggle, war, forward motion - Poetry disobeys rules of syntax (format). Words were an experience - Art forms inspired by futurism : kinetic sculptures that represents motion, noise music, short plays in salons, aerial photography. - serata ; cabaret variety performance. Meant to be fast and to the point Panopto 14: cubism - More influential in visual arts than in theatrical arts - Depicts objects from multiple viewpoints at once. Analysis and reassembly of the image - Cubism is in france - Key location: house of gertrude stein and her salon. She collected art and people. Brought together the art and the artists. Mini gallery and performance salon. Center of european modernism. Her address was 27 rue de fleures. - She was a collector, writer, and modernist in paris. Her writing is literary cubism. Her words present many sides of the same idea. Her work led to plays and lectures - Continuous presence: create a feeling in the writing in which language begins again and again. - The landscape play: multi perspective view of cubism in drama. Elements of independent of eachother. Play as a landscape not a sequential thing. - Her writing ephasizes process, thinking, sound, and spatiality over linear plot, lacharacter, time, or normal logic - Imposed a new way of viewing world - Nonwestern art and primitivism for inspiration - Abolishment of perspective: show all sides of an object at once. Refusing single unifying viewpoint - An object is the sum of all of its views. Depict multiple views at once. - Synthetic cubism: used flattened shapes and more color. Less sense of movement. - Doctor faustus lights the lights: cubist inspired opera from 1938 dr faustus sells his soul to the devil (methostopolies) for electric light. Language of the play embraces steins aesthetic. It begins again and again. Panopto 16: Dadaism

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1915-1920s Movement responded to senselessness of war and trauma of war Art that attacked sense and art. Main aestheticc is to be meaningless. Enjoys chaos Dada means nothing. Rejecting sense Tristan tzara: dadaism manifesto. Attacks the ideas of manifestos itself. Zurich(switzerland) dada: begins at cabaret voltaire nightclub. Cabaret performances. Journals shared work in dada journals Berlin (germany) dada: more political cast. Used absurdity as a political protest. Critiquing powerful figures that destroyed society. Hannah hoch specialized in german collage. International dada fairs had art pieces on displays New york dada: marcel duchamp: readymade sculptures renders objects useless. Art that is nonsensical and attacking fine art. Man ray: rayographs.

Panopto 17 Surrealism: - Direct descendent of dadaism but more psychological cast - Strong in France and Spain - Returning to basics of symbolism - Wanted to create a reality more real than realism - Moving past this world into something more strange - Andre Breton : founded surrealism. Uses fredunean theory to create art that reveals the unconscious. Manifesto in 1924. - Art to uncover the unconscious mind and free self from prison of society - Dream +reality =surreality. Art attempts to express the unconscious. Blurring the boundaries of dreams and reality - Automatic drawing : comes out of mind to express the unconscious - Second manifesto by Breton in 1930 which embraced French communist party. Caused a lot of fights over the principles. - Surrealists made distorted object in sculpture and painting - Shock people and wake people up: nudity and violence - Un chien andalou: very violent wnd strange surrealist film that embraces dream like rules - Surrealist objects put textures and objects that shouldn’t go together. Add physiological dread or disgust - Antonin Artaud: theatre of cruelty. About waking up surrealist senses and express the unconscious.Shake your nerves and shock the audience. Audience must face unconscious fears and go to dark places Pantopto 19: meyerhold and the russian revolution/constructivism: - Emerged out of post revolutionary russia - Communists encouraged constructivist art - Contructivism combined avante garde movements in service of the russian revolution - Art should emphasize function and practicality. Art made useful to the russian revolution . art should be practical and socially useful. Emphasized material. Geometry and abstraction - Artists wanted to contribute to the russian revolution. Propaganda

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Art that is not practical should be abandoned Art for the working class. Artists as engineers of society suprematism : el Lissitzky. Produced art thats abstract but not functional. Ideas of form and simplifying down to geometrical abstraction. Supremacy of pure feeling or abstraction of arts. Finding simplicity in abstraction. Led to constructivism Play, the magnanimous cuckold produced by meyerhold. Combined constructivist acting theory with constructivist design. Designer was lyobuv popova. Set was deconstructed mill. Set feels like an actor jungle gym. Costume was made to look like industrial workers uniforms. Simple bold geometric costumes. Embrace of the worker Vsevolod meyerhold: russian and soviet director actor producer teacher. Main theatrical example of constructivism. Worked as moscow art theatre with stanislovsky. He was against realism and naturalism but was influenced by symbolism. Highly physicalized and direct acting style that engaged with audience. Influenced by carnivals and circus. Biomechanics:meyerhold style of acting. Actor moves mechanically or exaggerated gestures. Acrobatic clown like movements. Performances aimed at workers. Actor as a worker who is fully trained. Inspired by Taylorism (capitalism) and the body as a machine. Movement of the body is the source of emotion and body can express the emotion. Three step acting cycle: intention, realization, reaction. (engine metaphor) no separation of actor and audience. No fourth wall. Audience and presentation centered. Scenery is a machine for acting. Training exercise for biomechanics: etude. Series of exercises students practiced. Allowed actors to hone and tune their bodies for acting. Actor trains expressive obdy with the three step cycle. Acrobatic skill and clown like. Agit prop performances: Soviet pro communism ideology performances. Further their ideals with theatre Stalin bans contructivism in 1935 for new form socialist realism as the true soviet form. Meyerholds theatre got shut down and he was targeted by soviet police. He was killed along with his wife bc he was seen as a traitor

Panopto 20: brecht overview and major concepts - Bertolt brecht from germany: poet writer playwright director. Fled country when nazis took over. Wrote his best plays while in exile Communist - Created political dramas. Epic theatre drama. Plays with political critiques. - Learning plays; instruct the working class in marxist thought. Help them learn marxist ideology. Interrupt pleasure of plays. - Established berliner ensemble; housed his epic theatre there. - Erwin piscinator: german director known for political, pro marxist agit prop(meant to agitate audience) and his use of tech. He worked with brech. His stage tech had treadmills, elevators, rotating audiences, projections. He initiated epic theatre, documentary theatre, and total theatre. - Epic theatre: a form of dramatic representation that is at odds with the mainstream theatre. Tries to take a wide frame view of events. Stories over years. Theatrical tool to a more critical view of the world. Not to entertain but to

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engage critical thinking. Interruption of empathy or identification with the actor. Created ruptures on purpose to avoid those things. Opposite of dramatic theatre The demonstrator in epic theatre: narrates his version of events without taking on a specific character or point of view. They wonder how the world could be different or how it came to be Audience spectator has to consider why tragedies occur rather than be emotionally moved. Observer who has to face truths of the world. Key concepts of epic theatre: create critical distance to allow spectators to understand world more politically. Ruptures and interruptions to remind audiences that they are watching a show. Narrators. Breaking of fourth wall. (distancing effect or V effect ) Gestus: repetition of a gesture. actor impersonates character rather than becoming them. Create distance between actor and character. Panopto 22: Existentialism, high modernism and the absurd: - Modernism: work that adopts the view of the modern period. Make it new. Innovates in form and content - Emphasis on written text of playwright and playwright is creator of meaning. Ideal realm that transcends anguish of modern world. Progress art and move it forward - Early modernists: 1880-1910. Employed and critiqued photographic realism. Ibsen and Chekhov - High modernists 1910- 1940. Emphazied written theatre. Employed metatheatre(theatre that drew attention to theatre itself). Yeats, pirandillo, wilder, beckett - Later modernism: 1940-1970. Embraced filmic realism and tv applied to plays. Theatre of the absurd. Contains psychological realism, spare design, emphasis on language, forceful movement - High modernism is middle phase between the wars. Happening at same time as avant garde. Metatheatre: theatrical device that draw attention to the artificiality of theatre itself and the characters and performance. Metaphor for understanding the world(not politics) Performance as text: we are meant to read a performance as a text. authorship/ authority: playwright is the main artist of the theatre. Playwrights consolidated vision. Emphasis on langauge: characters aspire to an ideal state expressed through language. Express their desire for a better life. Limit actors agency. Stage conflicts between real and ideal. - Ex: 6 characters in search of an author by pirandello. - William butler yeats: irish playwright who appealed to an idealism of a pagan past. (revival of irish literature)ex: at the hawks well. - Thornton wilder: american modernist and metatheatrical playwright. christian/ western order. Ex: our town. The skin of our teeth. - Ww2: countries in period of poetry and rebuilding. Surviving the trauma. US had economic and industrial boom bc the war was elsewhere. World

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was split into democatic west capitalists and communist powers. (cold war) Film and TV: major mass media influence. These forces make images of striking realism. In response theatre is forced into abstract and nonrepresentational non realistic place. PART 2 : Foundational philosophical movement of absurdism: existentialism. Existentialism (jean paul sartre): humanity is detached from the ideal and sense of meaning. Man is trapped in a hostile world. Existence precedes essence. Universe is irrational. Anomie: confusion, despair, emptiness, disconnection because we are cut off from meaning. We are responsible for our own actions. Live authentically. Radical freedom. Challenging systems of meaning. Albert camus: one main thinker of existential thought. Theorized the “absurd.” devoid of purpose. Man is lost. Senseless absurd and useless without meaning. Myth of sisyphus( boulder roll up and fall down) see happiness in his situation even if meaningless. By seeing absurdity, we can learn to accept it and be happy. Refuse false meaning (religion) and search for own meaning Theatre of the absurd: not avante garde movement or collective artists. Playwrights unified in their portrayal of the human condition as meaningless. Plays reject logic and have a existential threat. Responding to trauma after ww2. Beckket, Pirandello, Genet, Ionesco, Arrabel, Pinter, Albee. Samual beckett: irish novelist and playwright. Main themes: suffering, survival, struggle for meaning. Composed in english and french. Wrote novels and plays. 1969 nobel prize. Last of high modernists but also absurdist. Panopto 24: Postwar Realism in the US: - US ended war with less destruction. Led to period of prosperity. Not everyone enjoyed economic boom. Those who were marginalized were often the subject of psychological realism. - Raisin in the sun; postwar realist play. dramatizes gap between dreams for a better life and african american family - Death of a salesman: postwar realist play. Willie the salesman cannot achieve economic success he dreams of and falls into despair. Set was innovative with light and skrim. Skrim was used to make walls disappear in a film like style. Director: Elia Kazan. Developed acting style of method acting (inspired by stanislavski) for psychological realism plays. Required actors to have a deep emotional connection to characters past. Playwright arthur miller. HIs plays depict working class heroes and their conflicts of success. Desire for material success. American domestic tragedies.

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Psychological /post war realism: no manifesto. Mainstream model that gets picked up. an american form of realistic drama, often tragic or tragicomic. Render memory and psychology in realistic ways. Goes into peoples heads. Inspired by stanislavski's methods. Characters interior emotional state comes out. Deep psychology of characters. Family individual life and dark secrets in postwar. Families past is uncovered over course of play. Authentic complex believable characters. Conflict between characters increased by external social conditions. American dream. Domestic dramas in a house set or domestic space. One main set creates unity of place and action. Playwrights of the genre: Arthur miller. Critique of american myths. Maintaining sense of self in contrast to to the world(materialism) Tennessee williams: characters caught in intense violent situations looking to get out. Abandon illusion after conflict with hardened characters. Theatricalized worlds: Eaugene Oneill: turned from expressionism to realism. Edward albee: originally an absurdist. Exploration of long lasting family relationships. What are the illusions we create to get through life to quiet our anxieties? Broadway after ww2: boom in 1940s. dominance of broadway. Move to broadway early on in writers careers. Several major successes led to producers creating larger more wide audience productions. Appealing to widest range of audiences possible.Expanded scenery and theatres. Rising cost of production and competition with TV and radio. A place of investment (private investors called producers) and place to make profit. lack of state supported theatre. Productions became national tours. Local nyc scene became national theatre culture. (elite, modernist, playwright driven) Golden age of broadway musicals: In US after ww2. Begins with Oklahoma until the 60s. musicals of rodgers and hammerstein first musicals to use song in a story driven and psychologically true way. Music connects with plot and moves it forward (previously disconnected) defining characteristics: large casts, multiple sets, dance and dream sequences, solos of characters interior thoughts, singable songs, easy plots, go home happy Method acting: teachings of stanislavski retaught though american acting teachers. Psychologically realistic. Actors plays characters with depth and authenticity. Off broadway and regional theatre movements challenge broadway Off broadway: smaller theatres and audiences not on broadway for more daring and challenging work. More experimental.

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Method acting; Lee Strasberg. He founded actors studio that let actors work on method acting. Provate work and study for actors. Begins In 30s. Recreate emotion and true behavior. Stage behavior should be emotionally sound. Improv and trust within a cast. Russian teachers bring over Stanislavskys teachings (group theatre) Group theatre: ensemble company in ny. Investigating the Stanislavsky system. Summer training and performances.

Panopto 25: Black theatre in the US: - Began with storytelling song and dance among enslaved people. Slave owners tried to quell this but the endured. - Blackface comic characters in white theatre pieces in 19 century. Black stereotypes by white actors. Played blackness for laughs. Minstrel show(variety show). Black performers too stereotyping themselves for theatre opportunities in the minstrel shows - African grove theatre. William alexander brown in 1821. Black cast and black audiences. Treated with suspicion by the whites. - 19th century audiences were captivated with performance of race. Not authentic portrayal of black life. (race melodramas, minstrel shows, vaudeville) - Minstrel shows turned into vaudeville, and both white and black people participated. - Bert williams and george walker. Black Comic duo in vaudeville. Performed in black face. Play: in dahomey. First truly successful black musical comedy. - African american performances on broadway: Rachel, Shuffle Along, three plays for a negro theatre - Two historical movements for black theatre in US: harlem renaissance and black arts movement. Celebrated black culture and were multidisciplinary. New black aesthetic and black political consciousness. Gathered black artists into communities. Draw from civil rights movement to fuel new approaches to art making. Attack racist ideas and created institutions for black people to speak for themselves - The great migration: black people coming from south to the cities of the north and midwest. Increase in racist idealogies and white supremacist vioelnce caused them to migrate. New black communities created political centers activist groups and art institutions. - Jim crow laws: migration resulted in race riots and civil unrest. Felt black people were taking their jobs. Response is black activism. NAACP.

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Harlem renassance 1920s: The new negro- black identity and racial pride. Work of black of artists. Art will get to a new racial consciousness. Demand equal treatment and civil rights. Expanded out of harlem to other black neighborhoods. Renassance attemps to define new negro embraced fashion, literature, music (jazz) and poetry and black life. Contrast with past stereotypes of black people. Main audience is black people. Ended around great depression. Closed performance venues. WEB Dubois double consciousness: condition of black identity in the US. Awareness that ones blackness is being constructed by white culture. Two warring ideals. Both black and american. Franz fanon: theorist who developed double consciousness. black skin white masks: colonialism produced anti blackness. Fear of blackness whites reinforce colonial superiority. Reinforcing racism and colonialism from white culture reminds reminds black person of their blackness. Evolving black art theories in civil rights movement: balc nationalism, self determination, self defense against white supremacy Civil rights movement 50s; raisin in the sun first play on broadway by a black woman playwright. Psychological realism. Black theatres emerged in harlem: BARTS, new lafayette theatre, negreo ensemble company and national black theatre. Hire black actors and attract black community. Intentionally separate. Cultural nationalism/ revolutionary nationalism: art for itself(black people) not for white people. 1960s and 70s black arts movement: aligned with political aims of black power movement. Create group of black artists and audiences. Amari Baraka: rad...