Parasites + Sketchy PDF

Preview

Summary

summary of parasites...

Description

Parasites & Prions duce Entamoeba histolytica – Entering the Historical Dig  Transmission via fecal-oral transmission, cysts in water  Disease includes amebiasis (dysentery, liver abscess with “anchovy paste” exudate with right upper quadrant tenderness, and “flask-shaped” colonic ulcerations,)  Diagnosis via trophozoites or cysts in stool (active disease if only trophozoites, asymptomatic carrier if both are present)  Treatment via metronidazole; intestinal cysts via paromomycin and iodoquinol Giardia lamblia – Giardia Jungle Ride  Transmission via fecal-oral route, cysts in water – common in campers drinking water from a “clear” mountain stream  Disease includes giardiasis (bloating, flatulence, and steatorrhea)  Diagnosis via multinucleated “kite-shaped” trophozoites or cysts in stool  Treatment via metronidazole; prophylaxis via sanitation Cryptosporidium – Tales from the Crypts  Transmission via oocysts in water – common in municipal water sources and daycare centers  Disease includes watery diarrhea in normal hosts and severe, protracted diarrhea in immunocompromised hosts  Diagnosis via oocysts on acid fast stain – appear amethyst shape and color with four motile sporozoites  Treatment via nitazoxanide in normal hosts and nitazoxanide or paromomycin  azithromycin in immunocompromised; prophylaxis via filtration of city water supplies Cyclospora cayetanesis & Isospora belli  Transmission via fecal-oral route – contaminated raspberries.  Disease includes severe diarrhea in immunocompromised patients.  Diagnosis via stool microscopy and acid-fast positive (shows ruby-gem shaped).  Treatment via TMP-SMX. Trichomonas vaginalis – Tricks for Money  Transmission via STI  Disease includes foul-smelling, green vaginal discharge, dysuria, pruritis, and increased vaginal secretions in females; males are asymptomatic  Diagnosis via highly motile trophozoites on wet mount prep of vaginal discharge or urine, “strawberry cervix”  Treatment via metronidazole (concomitantly for both partners) Naegleria fowleri – Naegleria Falls  Transmission via swimming in fresh water lakes, specifically enters through the nasal passage and pierces the cribriform plate into the CSF  Disease includes rapidly fatal meningoencephalitis with no corneal infection (only mature amoeba are present, not cysts)  Diagnosis via negative gram stain and motile amoeba in CSF under microscopy, CSF has high PMN, low glucose, and high protein (seen via lumbar puncture)  Treatment via amphotericin B (lowly effective) Acanthamoeba  Transmission is common in fresh water lakes and pools  Disease includes chronic meningoencephalitis and corneal infection that can progress to blindness in immunocompromised hosts  Diagnosis via cysts and mature amoeba in brain tissue and CSF and corneal scraping  Treatment via multiple anti-fungal drugs and anti-microbial eye drops Balmuthis mandrillaris  Transmission is common in fresh water lakes and pools  Disease includes chronic meningoencephalitis in normal and immunocompromised hosts and granulomatous skin lesions  Diagnosis via cysts and mature amoeba found in brain tissue and skin biopsy  Treatment via fluconazole, azithromycin, and pentamidine Toxoplasma gondii – OH HI, IZ MAKIN SUM TOXO  Transmission via cysts in meat and oocysts in cat feces – TORCHES infection  Disease includes… o Congenital toxoplasmosis (chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, intracranial calcifications, and sensorineural deafness) o Reactivation in AIDS (brain abscesses with ring-enhancing lesions and corneal infection with yellow-white fluffy patches on red retina)  Diagnosis via “crescent-shaped” tachyzoite on biopsy  Treatment via sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine, prophylaxis CD4+...