PATH2210 Unit Guide PDF

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PATH2210 Unit Guidebook

School of Biomedical Sciences

Fundamentals of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine PATH2210 6 Credit points

Semester 1 2021

Unit Guidebook Professor Jiake Xu Dr Jacob Kenny

Unit website http://www.lms.uwa.edu.au

PATH2210 Unit Guidebook

All material reproduced herein has been copied in accordance with and pursuant to a statutory licence administered by Copyright Agency Limited (CAL), granted to the University of Western Australia pursuant to Part VB of the Copyright Act 1968 (Cth). Copying of this material by students, except for fair dealing purposes under the Copyright Act, is prohibited. For the purposes of this fair dealing exception, students should be aware that the rule allowing copying, for fair dealing purposes, of 10% of the work, or one chapter/article, applies to the original work from which the excerpt in this course material was taken, and not to the course material itself.

© The University of Western Australia 2020

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PATH2210 Unit Guidebook

Contents CONTACT DETAILS

4

Student enquiries

4

Contact details for lecturers and key demonstrators

5

UNIT OVERVIEW

6

Introduction

6

Teaching and learning philosophy

6

TEACHING AND LEARNING RESPONSIBILITIES

6

Teaching and learning strategies

6

ASSESSMENT MECHANISM

7

Assessment

7

CONTINUOUS ASSESSMENT

7

EXAMINATION

7

UNIT STRUCTURE & SCHEDULE

9

Course Outline

9

PATH2210 Lecture Timetable for 2021

10

PATH2210 Practical / Tutorial Program for 2021

15

PATH2210 Schedule for attending bottle tutorials

17

PATH2210 Tutorial Timetable for 2021

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PATH2210 Unit Guidebook

CONTACT DETAILS Unit coordinator: Email: Phone: Room no: Consultation hours:

PROF. JIAKE XU [email protected] 6457 2739 1.4H, 1st Floor, M Block, QEII Email to arrange an appointment

Unit coordinator: Email: Phone: Room no: Consultation hours:

DR JACOB KENNY [email protected] 6457 1576 M Block, QEII Email to arrange an appointment

Student enquiries Enquiries should be directed to the unit’s discussion boards unless they are of a confidential nature, in that case, students are advised to contact the Unit Coordinators directly by email. Students requiring information pertaining to content taught in the unit are advised to post their questions to the relevant discussion board so that all students may benefit from the answer provided. If detailed information is required, it is usually preferable to make an appointment with the Unit Coordinator.

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PATH2210 Unit Guidebook

Contact details for lecturers and key demonstrators Contact details for lecturers and demonstrators are as follows: Lecturers

Contact details and area of interest

Prof. Jiake Xu

[email protected] Pathogenesis of bone and degenerative diseases

Dr. Sonia Fernandez

[email protected] Immunology & diseases of the immune system

Dr. Jacob Kenny

[email protected] Pathology and histology

Dr. Louise Winteringham

[email protected] Haemopoisis and haemotology

Dr. Silvia Lee

[email protected] Hepatitis C immunology

Dr Jesse Armitage

[email protected] Respiratory immunology

Dr Jacky Bentel

[email protected] Hormone-dependent cancer: breast cancer and prostate cancer

Prof. Jennet Harvey

[email protected] Pathology of cancer

Dr. Gina Ravenscroft

[email protected] Muscular diseases

A/Prof. Nathan Pavlos

[email protected] Bone biology

Dr. Daniel Xu

[email protected] Endocrine disease and patient care

Dr. Anna Tai

[email protected] Repiratory disease

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PATH2210 Unit Guidebook

UNIT OVERVIEW Introduction Welcome to PATH2210 Fundamentals of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine. This unit focusses on providing students with an understanding of human diseases and pathogenesis. It introduces the clinical presentation, prognosis, treatment and underlying mechanisms (pathogenesis) of diseases. The unit is suitable for students interested in a career in clinical diagnostic laboratories and biomedical research or in preparation for postgraduate medicine. Topics are introduced in a lecture format and specific aspects are expanded in tutorials, seminars and e-learning. This includes discussion of the process of disease diagnosis and assessment of treatment outcome. Students are taught by physicians involved in diagnosis and treatment of these conditions and scientists engaged in research into disease pathogenesis.

Teaching and learning philosophy Our philosophy of teaching is to deliver in an objective way the principles of evidence-based medicine, as well as novel concepts and technologies that may arise, to the next generation. Methods of teaching: lecturing, computer-based learning, problem-based learning, and small group discussion.

TEACHING AND LEARNING RESPONSIBILITIES Teaching and learning strategies This course consists of a series of lectures on topics related to pathogenesis and human diseases. Lectures are complemented by attendance at pathology museum demonstrations and tutorials illustrating important pathogenesis of disease process, diagnosis and treatment. The role of the lecturers and tutors is to facilitate the students’ learning in this unit by giving lectures and tutorials and providing feedback.

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PATH2210 Unit Guidebook

ASSESSMENT MECHANISM Assessment CONTINUOUS ASSESSMENT Module Quizzes

40%

Each Module is worth 10% For each module, students are required to complete three online quizzes. The distribution of marks for each quiz within the modules is specified in the practical/tutorial program section of this guidebook. All quizzes should be submitted online on Thursday by 11:55pm, two weeks after each module is completed (please note that website closing deadlines are automated). It is the student’s responsibility to ensure quizzes are correctly submitted. Students who require an extension should apply for special consideration via askUWA using the procedures outlined at: https://www.uwa.edu.au/students/need-help/special-consideration

EXAMINATION End of semester exam

60%

In the final examination (2 hours), students will be asked to answer essay questions based on the lecture content of the course. There will be a selection of questions to choose from. Some might have several sections requiring short essays. Diagrams are accepted in the answers. Examples of previous essay exam questions will be made available on LMS. In addition, Extended Matching Questions (EMQ) based on the lecture content of the course will be used. An example of the format of EMQ questions is shown on the following page. The exam is designed so that students will spend equal amounts of time on the essay and EMQ portions (approx. 1 hour for each).

TOTAL

100%

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PATH2210 Unit Guidebook

Example of an Extended Matching Question Theme: Australian Birds Options: a. Black swan b. Budgerigar c. Corella d. Currawong e. Galah f. Great cormorant g. Kookaburra h. Red-tailed black cockatoo i. Red wattlebird j. Splendid fairy wren k. White-tailed black cockatoo Lead: Match each of the following Australian birds with the description below. There is only ONE correct answer for each question. The options (above) may be correct for one, more than one or none of the questions. Questions: 1. Which bird has a pink body and grey wings? 2. The male bird has a brilliant blue head 3. Which bird has along sturdy beak, and brown wings with blue mottles 4. Which is a black waterbird with white tips on the wings? 5. Which is a black waterbird except for some white on the face? Answers: 1. e 2. j 3. g 4. a 5. f

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PATH2210 Unit Guidebook

UNIT STRUCTURE & SCHEDULE Course Outline PATH2210 Fundamentals of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine covers two main sections, the first deals with general concepts and diseases that affect the body as a whole and the second takes a systems approach which details disorders typically affecting specific organ systems. The course is delivered in 4 modules. Module 1 ( 3 weeks) • Introduction to pathology and disease •

The immune system & immune responses

•

Introduction to immunopathology

Module 2 ( 3 weeks) • Neoplastic Diseases •

The Urinary System

•

The Gastrointestinal system

Module 3 (3 weeks) • Endocrine System •

Musculoskeletal System

Module 4 ( 3 weeks) •

Brain and Nervous System

•

Cardiovascular & Respiratory Systems

•

Congenital and Hereditary Diseases

There are up to 3 lectures per week and up to 2 hours tutorial per week. Tutorials are intended to broaden your understanding of the topics presented in the lectures and to clarify any questions you have regarding the topics covered in the unit. The tutorials are also aimed to help you acquire the ability to recognise the macroscopic features of pathological specimens, which will illustrate examples relating to the topics covered in the lectures. For this reason lectures and tutorials are coordinated as closely as possible. Students will be divided into three tutorial groups. Each week, one of the three groups will attend a tutorial according to a rotating schedule. Students will attend 4 tutorials total over the entire semester. Each module is three weeks in length consisting of tutorials and

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PATH2210 Unit Guidebook

assignments/quizzes. All quizzes have to be submitted 2 weeks after the module is completed.

PATH2210 Lecture Timetable for 2021 For an up to date lecture schedule, refer to timetable at a glance on LMS

SESSION

LECTURER

TOPIC Introduction to the course and general c oncepts of disease.

*LEARNING OBJECTIVES

23 Feb 3-4pm

Prof J iake Xu

Students will become familiar with the aims and objectives of the course, be able to describe the major categories of human disease and list common types of diagnostic tes ts and procedures.

23 Feb 4-5pm

Dr Sonia Fernandez Organs, tissues, c ells & chromosomes

Students will be able to describe the hierarchic organization of humans from organs system to cells, describe eukaryotic cells and the structure, organization and function of DNA. Students will also understand how chromosomal abnormalities can lead to disease.

23 Feb 5-6pm

Dr Jacob Kenny

Introduction to anatomical pathology and laboratory medicine

2 Mar 3-4pm

Dr Louise Winteringham

Haemopoiesis

Students will understand the systemised nomenclature of pathology, be able to access and navigate the PELC website, understand the physical changes that occur during the manifestation of disease, understand the process from sampling to clinical diagnosis, identify potential pathological changes in anatomical specimens and begin to develop the appropriate language used in specimen case reporting. Students will be able to describe the formation and development of blood cells in a variety of organs and tissues such as the liver, spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, and bone marrow.

2 Mar 4-5pm

Dr Sonia Fernandez Introduction to the immune system

Students will be able to describe the roles of different cells and soluble mediators of immunity, describe the key feature s of innate and adaptive immunity and understand the concept of immunological memory.

2 Mar 5-6pm

Dr Sonia Fernandez Innate immunity

Students will be able to describe the different components and effector mechanisms of innate immunity, outline the causes and features of inflammation, describe the critical steps that occur during an inflammatory response and describe how inflammation resolves.

9 Mar 3-4pm

Dr Sonia Fernandez Adaptive immunity –Students will be able to describe the structure of the thymus cell mediated organ and the maturation processes that T cells undergo responses within the thymus. Students will also be able to describe the phenotypes and functions of key T cell subsets.

9 Mar 4-5pm

Dr Sonia Fernandez Adaptive immunity –Students will learn about the maturation processes that B humoral responses cells undergo in bone marrow and the spleen and should be able to describe the key differences between T cell and B cell development. Students will also be able to describe the phenotypes and functions of key B cell subsets.

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PATH2210 Unit Guidebook 9 Mar 5-6pm

Dr Sonia Fernandez Immunopathology Students will be able to explain basic concepts relating to immune deficiency, autoimmunity and hypersensitivity.

16 Mar 3-4pm

Dr Jacob Kenny

16 Mar 4-5pm

Dr Jacob Kenny

16 Mar 5-6pm

Dr Jacob Kenny

23 Mar 3-4pm

Prof Jennet Harvey

23 Mar 4-5pm

Prof Jennet Harvey

The Liver and the Biliary system

23 Mar 5-6pm

Prof Jennet Harvey

The pancreas and diabetes mellitus

30 Mar 3-4pm

Adj/A/Prof Jacky Bentel

Neoplastic diseases 1

This lecture will cover how cancers are named and the differences between benign and malignant tumours. Examples of benign tumours will be discussed.

30 Mar 4-5pm

Adj/A/Prof Jacky Bentel

Neoplastic diseases 2

This lecture will cover basic aspects of the pathology and molecular biology of malignant tumours.

30 Mar 5-6pm

Adj/A/Prof Jacky Bentel

Neoplastic diseases 3

Using examples, students will learn how cancers are treated, including surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and targeted treatments that are based on knowledge of the molecular biology of different cancer types.

The Urinary System I: Overview of the kidneys and diseases of the glomerulus and tubules The Urinary System II: Cystic kidney diseases and the urinary tract

At the end of this lecture, you should be able to: 1). Describe normal kidney structures & their functions. 2). Describe the causes, clinical manifestations and treatment of renal failure. 3). Give examples of disorders of the glomerul us, explain the pathogenesis & describe the clinical manifestations At the end of this lecture, you should be able to: 1). Differentiate the major forms of cystic disease of the kidney a nd their prognoses. 2). Describe the clinical manifestations and complications of urinary tract infections. 3). Name the more common kinds of tumours affecting the urinary tract.. Explain the mechanis m for formation of urinary tract calculi. Describe the c omplications of stone formation.

Water, electrolyte & At the end of this lecture, you should be able to: acid base balance 1). Explain the basic concepts relating to the regulation of the concentration of electrolytes in the bo dy. List the major ions in the intracellular and extracellular water and define units of concentration. 2). Describe the common disturbances of water balance The At the end of this lecture students should demonstrate Gastrointestinal knowledge of: tract 1). Basic structure and function of the gastroin testinal system. 2). Symptoms of gastrointestinal disease. 3). Common pathological entities including oesophageal reflux, causes of oesophageal obstruction including neoplasms, peptic ulcer and gastric carcinoma, acute appendicitis, diverticular disease, i ntestinal obstruction and neoplasms of the intestine. At the end of this lecture students should demonstrate knowledge of: 1). Liver structure and function 2). Causes of liver cell injury 3). Types of liver cell injury including alcoholic liver disease and viral hepatitis At the end of the lecture students should demonstrate knowledge of: 1). Pancreatic structure and function 2). Disorders of the exocrine pancreas including cystic fibrosis and acute pancreatitis. 3). Diabetes mellitus including me tabolic and structural abnormalities

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PATH2210 Unit Guidebook

Study Break 5-9 April 13 Apr 3-4pm

Prof J iake Xu

Endocrine s ystem 1

Students should be able to: 1). Describe the anatomy of endocrine system and hormones produced by each endocrine gland. 2). Describe the classification and action of hormones. 3). Explain the normal physiological functions of the pituitary hormones. 4). Describe the function and disturbance of the pineal gland. 5). Describe the common disturbances of pituitary glands, including the clinical features and management of acromegaly and hyperprolactinaemia.

13 Apr 4-5pm

Prof J iake Xu

Endocrine s ystem 2

Students should be able to: 1). Describe the structure and functions of the thyroid and parathyroid glands and hormones 2). Describe hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism including the causes, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis and methods of treatment , 3). Describe hyperparathyroidism and hypoparathyriodism, including clinical features and management.

13 Apr 5-6pm

Prof J iake Xu

Endocrine s ystem 3

Students should be able to: 1). Describe the structure and functions of the adrenal glands, 2). Describe Cushing disease including the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and management, 3). Describe Addison’s disease including the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and management.

20 Apr 3-4pm

Prof Jiake Xu

Skeletal system 1

Students should be able to: 1). Briefly describe the structure and function of the skeletal system including bone formation and bone remodeling, 2). Describe the classification of skeletal diseases, 3). Describe osteoporosis including pathogenesis, features and treatment.

20 Apr 4-5pm

Prof Jiake Xu

Skeletal system 2

Students should be able to: 1) Describe the structure and function of joints & cartilage 2) Describe the classification of arthritis: osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and gout 3) Describe the pathogenesis, features and management of Osteoarthritis.

20 Apr 5-6pm

No lecture

No lecture

27 Apr 3-4pm

Dr Gina Ravenscroft System of muscle function

27 Apr 4-5pm

Dr Gina Ravenscroft Diseases of muscle Students will learn the human diseases associated with the systems subcompartments and subsystems of muscle, illustrated with case studies.

Students will learn how the multiple subcompartments and subsystems of muscle generate muscle contraction.

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PATH2210 Unit Guidebook 27 Apr 5-6pm

No lecture

No lecture

4 May 3-4pm

A/Professor Nathan Brain and nervous Pavlos system 1

Students should be able to: 1). Descr...