Pathophysiology New York University 09:13:21 PDF

Preview

Summary

Lecture notes from the first day about stressors, the location and the following adaptation that happens in the body...

Description

Pathophysiology 09/13/21  Pathophysiology is an NCLEX success predictor (along with maternity and 82 adult and elder next semester) -compare and contrast very useful in order to retain information: for example jot down manifestation etc. PrepU: tons of practice questions find that under coursepoint Watch classes on rewind Exams: will be on modules as well as info in class  If concepts from lecture and module are unclear then go to book-he will not scour the book for details for the test Stressor: hypertension Location: heart Most likely adaptation: hypertrophy, cells there are getting larger Cells enlarge due to increased workload of pumping Stressor: pregnancy Location: uterus Most likely adaptation: Hyperplasia and hypertrophy Cell/tissue type: uterine smooth muscle Increase in number and size helps accommodate growing fetus Stressor: smoking Location: lungs Adaptation: metaplasia Cell type/tissue: bronchial epithelial cells/tissue Reaction: normal columnar ciliated epithelial cells replaced by stratified squamous cells Stressor: prolonged disuse of leg Location: right lower extremity Adaptation: atrophy Cells/tissue affected: skeletal muscle muscle fiber shrink due to decreased workload leading to decreased cell size stressor: common warts -verrucae location: right hand adaptation: hyperplasia cells/tissue: epithelial/epidermal cells reaction: leads to outgrowth of the epidermis Definitions: Signs: things you can see, measure, observe for example: having a fever, swollen body part

Symptom: feeling warm, feel like hand is swelling Syndrome: HIV was considered a syndrome Disease prevention: Primary: prevent eg. Healthy diet, exercise, immunizations, smoking cessations, condom use Secondary: screen, mammograms, colonoscopy, genetic screening Tertiary: treatment, healthy weight and diet, chemotherapy, dialysis, physical therapy Cellular Adaptations Atrophy: surgical patients, stroke, people in a wheelchair, sedentary lifestyle Dysplasia vs neoplasia Dysplasia is reversible but neoplasia is not reversible Metaplasia: barrets esophagus: this is when the tissue that lines the stomach begins to line the esophagus Pathway of Cell Injury Ischemia in the brain is a stroke, leads to ischemia to tissue surrounding that area Sodium outside the cell and potassium inside the cell With ischemia, no oxygen, energy ATP production goes down Necrosis/cellular death  Coagulative, liquefactive, fat, caseous Gangrene (Tissue Death)  Dry (slow spreading and strict demarcation), wet (no strict demarcation), gas (wouldn’t worry too much about gas gangrene) Apoptosis (Programmed Cell Death...