Pathophysiology PDF

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Pathophysiology Module 2, 6, 9 byFjr...

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Respiratory Physiology

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Airway resistance Sympathetic motor neuronsbronchodilation (decrease in constriction =increase in air flow) Causes of air way constrictions: - Epinephrine - It constricts blood vessels yet, dilates airways Parasympathetic – bronchoconstriction (increase in constriction =decrease in air flow) Causes of air way constrictions: - Histamine- It dilates blood vessels yet, constricts airways - Nicotine Bronchial Pulmonary Ventilation - Boyle’s law 1. Subjective experience of breathing discomfort 2.form of anti-hypertensive drug that inhibits Angiotensinconverting enzyme 3.lysis mucous

- Inverse: ↓ Pressure ↑ Volume - Diaphragm relaxed: Expiration - Diaphragm contracts: Inspiration Asthma-It causes your airways to become inflamed and constricted, making it difficult to breathe. - Uses Broncho dilator - T-H1- promotes inflammation by increasing cell mediated immunity - T-H2- promotes inflammation by increasing Humoral immunity Body’s third line of defense: Humoral Immunity/ Anti body mediated immunity - DEPENDS on antibodies for its adaptive immune functions Cellular Immunity /cell-mediated - DOES NOT depend on antibodies for its adaptive immune functions Mini Quiz: (not written above. This is just to test your knowledge about Respiratory Physiology) 4.derivative of morphine 5.is tachycardia included in general pneumonia triad? Answers: 1. Dyspnea 2. ACE inhibitors 3. Mucolytic 4. Codeine 5. Yes

CNS Infections:

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General symptoms: Headache, Fever, change in mental status, focal neuro signs, seizure. Bacterial Meningitis (Acute)- can cause sepsis, death, a purulent infection with the subarachnoid space Common organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae (~ 50%) Neisseria meningitis (~25%)- cause of recurring epidemics M. of 8-12 Yr. old Group B streptococci (~15%) Listeria monocytogenes (~10%) Hemophilus Influenzae type bmost common in adolescents 20 y/o Mini Quiz: (not written above. This is just to test your knowledge about CNS Infections) 1. Neisseria meningitis

- Gram (1)_______ Diploccoci - cause (2) ___________ disease 2. Hemophilus Influenzae type b - Gram (3)_______ Coccobacilli - (4)________ Vaccination is required for all children under the age of five. 3. S. pneumoniae - Gram (5)____ - Predisposed 6)_______ 4. Listeria monocytogenes - Gram (7)____ bacillus - (L. monocytogenes) 5. Group B streptococci - Transmission: (8)________ - Species: (9)____ - gram-(10)________ coccus Answers: 1.Negative 2. Sexual Transmitted 3. Negative 4. Hib 5. Positive 6. Adults 7. Positive 8. skin-to-skin contact 9. Streptococcus 10. positive

Disorders of the integumentary system

1. Ringworm of the scalp and hair 2. Infection of skin, hair and nails caused by a species of dermatophyte 3. Sarcoptes scabiei 4. (Candida Albicans) white patches in oral that are easily scratched 5. Virus of chicken pox Photo source: TechMeAnatomy.com

Psoriasis (chronic), relapsing, proliferative, Scally, inflammatory disorder. -Rabid build-up of cells in surface of the skin causing Scally patches Often begins age 15-30. Noncommunicable disease Types: Plaque, Guttate, Inverse, Pustular, Erythrodermic Autosomal dominant trait Complications: - Ocular psoriasis - Psoriatic Arthritis - Diabetes - Myopathy - Nail pitting Treatments: Topical Agents, Phototherapy, systemic Treatment Mini Quiz: (not written above. This is just to test your knowledge about Disorders of the integumentary system)

1.Tinea Capitis 2. Dermatophytosis 3. Scabies 4. Oral Candidiasis 5. Varicella- Zoster Virus...