PEM 2019 Biology Trial HSC Exam PDF

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PEM Biology trial 2019 with all answers...

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Student Number

Section I 20 marks Attempt Questions 1 – 20. Allow about 35 minutes for this section.

2019

Use the multiple-choice answer sheet provided for Questions 1 – 20.

TRIAL HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION

Biology General Instructions • Reading time – 5 minutes • Working time – 3 hours • Write using black pen • Draw diagrams using pencil • For questions in Section II, show all relevant working in questions involving calculations • NESA-approved calculators may be used Write your Student Number where required.

1

The following diagrams illustrate two cells from different preparations that are in particular stages of nuclear division. Identify the phases labeled X and Y.

Total Marks – 100 Section I - 20 marks (pages 2 - 10) • Attempt Questions 1 - 20 • Allow about 35 minutes for this section Section II – 80 marks (pages 11 - 27) • Attempt Questions 21 - 39 • Allow about 2 hours and 25 minutes for this section

X A. B. C. D.

X - Metaphase I of mitosis; X - Metaphase I of meiosis; X - Metaphase I of meiosis; X - Metaphase II of meiosis;

Y Y - Metaphase II of mitosis Y - Metaphase II of meiosis Y - Metaphase II of mitosis Y - Metaphase I of meiosis

Directions to School or College To ensure integrity and security, examination papers must NOT be removed from the examination room. Examination papers may not be returned to students until August 26 th 2019 These examination papers are supplied Copyright Free; as such the purchaser may photocopy and/or make changes for educational purposes within the confines of the School or College. All care has been taken to ensure that this examination paper is error-free and that it follows the style, format and material content of the Higher School Certificate Examination in accordance with the NESA requirements. No guarantee or warranty is made or implied that this examination paper mirrors in every respect the actual HSC Examination paper for this course.

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2

Which of the following hormones is correctly matched with its function?

A. oestrogen/estradiol

prevents contractions of the uterus to maintain pregnancy

B. glucagon C. progesterone D. oxytocin

stimulates storage of glucose in the liver relaxes the pelvis and joints to allow for birth stimulates contractions of the uterus to promote birth

3

The following graphs show the frequency distribution of phenotypes in a population for three different traits.

A team of researchers wanted to determine the rate of RNA synthesis in a population of yeast cells in culture. Which of the following radioactively-labeled substances should they add to the nutrients provided in the culture medium? A. B. C. D.

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5

cytosine guanine uracil thymine

The following diagram shows the inheritance of blood type in a family and indicates the blood type phenotype of several members. The phenotype of one individual in each generation is missing.

Which of the following gives the possible blood types of individuals I, 2 and II, 3? The types of inheritance responsible for the three traits are most likely to be:

Generation I, Individual 2

Generation II, Individual 3

A.

A

AB

B.

AB

O

A.

one gene - two alleles

polygenic

one gene - multiple alleles

C.

O

B

B.

polygenic

one gene - multiple alleles

polygenic

D.

AB

B

C.

two linked genes

one gene - multiple alleles

one gene - multiple alleles

D.

one gene - multiple alleles

one gene - two alleles

polygenic

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Trait 1

Trait 2

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Trait 3

6

In a population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, there are two alleles, A and a, for a particular gene. If the frequency of the a allele is 0.4, what is the frequency of genotype AA? A. B. C. D.

11 The following diagram models the infection of a host by a parasite.

0.16 0.36 0.40 0.60

Content available under Creative Commons License: CC-BY-SA-3.0

7

Which of the following lists only potential mutagens? A. B. C. D.

8

Sickle cell anaemia is caused by the single substitution of an amino acid in haemoglobin. This change is the result of a: A. B. C. D.

9

tobacco, base analogues, oncogenes UV radiation, retroviruses, non-ionising radiation UV radiation, transposable genetic elements, microwaves ionising radiation, base analogues, exons

point mutation. chromosomal inversion. frameshift mutation. polyploidy.

The parasite is most likely to be a: A. B. C. D.

bacterium. virus. protozoan. prion.

12 After a barbeque party one of the participants was diagnosed with hepatitis A. The other people who attended the barbeque were advised to have an immunoglobulin injection just in case they had also been exposed to the pathogen. This type of treatment is known as: A. B. C. D.

passive immunity active immunity vaccination innate immunity

Introns are: A. B. C. D.

regions of DNA that are expressed in a polypeptide. unlikely to cause phenotypic change if they undergo mutation. non-coding sequences in DNA. random repeated sequences that code for promoter proteins.

10 Which of the following has been achieved by gene cloning? A. B. C. D.

13 Certain molecules produced by T-cells act to stimulate other cells of the immune system. These types of molecules are called: A. B. C. D.

antigens. antibodies. complement. cytokines.

Production of the first cloned mammal, Dolly the sheep Copying of chromosomes to form polyploid plants Economical production of insulin for diabetics Development of hybrid vegetables such as broccolini

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14 The following graph1 illustrates the mean changes in body temperature in two groups of rhesus monkeys over a 7-day period. One group was infected on Day 0 with a respiratory virus (RSV) using an aerosol that was inhaled by the monkeys. The other group was given a “mock” infection on Day 0 using an aerosol inhalation with the same basic composition as that received by the first group but without any virus. The temperature change scale is in degrees Fahrenheit.

15 The following diagram illustrates three possible scenarios for transmission of a disease through a population.

I

II

Which of the following conclusions is supported by the data in the graph? A. B. C. D.

III

The initial body temperatures of the RSV-infected monkeys were higher than those of the mock-infected monkeys. The RSV-infected monkeys showed an inflammatory response to the virus. The changes in body temperature were so small that no conclusion can be drawn. The sample sizes for each group were too small for any conclusion to be drawn.

Content available under Creative Commons License: CC-BY-SA-4.0

Which of the following statements is CORRECT? A. B. C. D.

Scenario II illustrates herd immunity. Herd immunity is effective for all bacterial and viral diseases. Herd immunity is effective when most of the population are immunised. Herd immunity ensures that your unvaccinated child will not contract an infectious disease.

1 McArthur-Vaughan, K. and Gershwin, L.J. (2002) A rhesus monkey model of respiratory syncytial virus infection. J Med Primatol 31: 61–73.

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16 Hormonal and neural control of animal responses differ in which of the following ways? A. B. C. D.

Hormonal control involves chemical signalling molecules and neural control does not. Hormonal control can affect cells in widely-separated tissues of the body while neural control is more localised. Hormonal signals are more rapid than neural signals. Hormonal control systems use negative feedback while neural control systems do not.

retina, causing blurred vision.

images onto the retina.

19 A patient is diagnosed with a disorder in which the pituitary gland overproduces antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Which of the following combinations of symptoms would you expect to be associated with this disorder? A. B. C. D.

Reduced urine volume and high blood osmolality Increased urine volume and high blood osmolality Reduced urine volume and low blood osmolality Increased urine volume and low blood osmolality

17 The following micrographs show a transverse section through a Banksia leaf at different magnifications. 20 Which of the following correctly relates a non-infectious disease to its cause? A. B. C. D. Transverse section of a Banksia leaf

Disease rickets

Cause nutritional - lack of Vitamin C

phenylketonuria scurvy cirrhosis

nutritional – over-consumption of aspartame genetic – lack of an enzyme nutritional - over-consumption of alcohol

Close-up of undersurface of the same Banksia leaf

Images reprinted by permission of Associate Professor Rosanne Quinnell, University of Sydney

Which of the following can be concluded from the information in the micrographs? A. B. C. D.

Banksia is a xerophyte. Banksia is a C4 plant. The sunken stomata on the leaf surface are an adaptation to conserve water. The hairs on the leaf surface are for defence against herbivores.

18 Technology can be used to assist people with either hearing or visual disorders. A person with short-sightedness (myopia) can be prescribed spectacles to correct their vision. Which of the following correctly links the problem with the technological solution?

A. B. C. D.

Problem causing short-sightedness Eyeball is too long and images fall in front of the retina, causing blurred vision. Eyeball is too long and images fall in front of the retina, causing blurred vision. Eyeball is too short and images fall behind the retina, causing blurred vision. Eyeball is too short and images fall behind the

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Correction with spectacles Concave lenses in spectacles focus the images onto the retina. Convex lenses in spectacles focus the images onto the retina. Concave lenses in spectacles focus the images onto the retina. Convex lenses in spectacles focus the

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(b) Outline the roles of mRNA and tRNA in polypeptide synthesis. Student Number

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Section II

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Answer Booklet

80 marks

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Attempt Questions 21 – 39.

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Allow about 2 hours and 25 minutes for this section. ....................................................................................................................................................... Instructions • Answer the questions in the spaces provided. These spaces provide guidance for the expected length of response. • Show all relevant working in questions involving calculations. • Extra writing space is provided at the back of this booklet. If you use this space, clearly indicate which question you are answering.

Question 21.

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Question 22.

(5 marks)

(a) The function of all proteins is determined by their structure. Discuss this statement using at least two examples of proteins found in the human body.

3

(2 marks)

Use a table to describe at least two ways in which the structure of chromosomes differs between eukaryotes and prokaryotes.

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Question continues over the page.

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Question 23.

(5 marks)

Question 24.

(a) Describe three ways in which sexual reproduction produces variation (new combinations of genes) in offspring.

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(5 marks)

(a) Using examples, clearly outline the difference between incomplete dominance and codominance between alleles.

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....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... (b) Draw a Punnett square to illustrate a cross between two individuals that are heterozygous for a trait that shows co-dominance. Indicate the genotype and phenotype ratios for the offspring in your answer. 3

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(b) Identify two processes of asexual reproduction in named organisms and comment on how variation can occur in these populations.

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Question 25.

(4 marks)

Question 26.

Outline examples of how population genetics can be used in conservation management. ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ..........