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CHAPTER 1 6Common Conversions1 – 14Fundamental Physical Constants1-Gas Law Constants 1 – 17SI Derived Units 1 – 2 Specific Gravity Equations1 – 19Units and Conversion Factors1 – 17CHAPTER 2 64Antoine Equation 2- Compressibilities 2- CP/CV Ratio 2- Critical Constants 2- Critical Properties 2- Density...

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CHAPTER 1

6

Common Conversions

1 – 14

Fundamental Physical Constants

1-20

Gas Law Constants

1 – 17

SI Derived Units

1–2

Specific Gravity Equations

1 – 19

Units and Conversion Factors

1 – 17

CHAPTER 2

64

Antoine Equation

2-477

Compressibilities

2-143

CP/CV Ratio

2-182

Critical Constants

2-138

Critical Properties

2-468

Density Density of Aqueous Inorganic Solutions Density of Aqueous Organic Solutions Density of Miscellaneous Materials Density of Pure Substances Diffusivities Elements and Inorganic Compounds Enthalpy Concentration Diagram for Ethyl Alcohol Enthalpy Concentration Diagram for HCl Enthalpy Concentration Diagram for NaOH

2-497 2 – 104 2 – 114 2 – 124 2 – 96 2-454 2–7

2-267

2-285

2-403

Enthalpy of Formation

2-478

Enthalpy of Fusion Enthalpy of Sublimation Enthalpy of Vaporization Flammability

2-487

Heat Capacity

2-489

2-488 2-486 2-515

Heat Capacity Calculator Heat of Combustion

2-170 2-195

Heat of Formation

2-185

Heat of Solution

2-203

Joule –Thomson Effect Latent Heats Liquid - Vapor Equilibrium Data for Ar - N2 - O2 Normal Boiling & Melting Point Organic Compounds

2-137 2-145 2-224 2-471 2 – 28

Prandtl Number of Air Prediction & Correlation of Physical Properties Pressure - Enthalpy Diagram for Nitrogen Pressure Enthalpy Diagram of Air Pressure Enthalpy Diagram of NH3 Radius of Gyration

2-451

Solubilities

2 - 125

Solubility Data Air NH3 Specific Heats of Pure Compounds

2-131

Steam Table

2-413

2-463 2-309 2-215 2-219 2-475

2-156

Surface Tension

2-419

Surface Tensions Temperature Entropy Diagram for CO

2-513

Thermal Conductivity Thermal Conductivity of Building and Insulating Materials Thermal Conductivity of Liquids Thermal Expansion

2-509

Thermo - Physical Properties of Liquids Thermodynamic Properties Thermodynamic Properties of Air Transport Properties Transport Properties (1atm) (1 ) (K, Pr, μ) Vapor Pressure

2-244

2-459 2-439 2-133 2-452 2-207 2-211 2-420 2-445 2-477

Vapor Pressure Calculator Vapor Pressure of Inorganic & Organic Liquids Vapor Pressure of Inorganic Compounds Vapor Pressure of Organic Compounds Vapor Pressure of Pure Substances Vapor Pressure of Solutions Vapor Thermal Conductivity of Substances Viscosity Viscosity of Liquids Using Calculator Viscosity of Substances Using Calculator Water - Vapor Content of Gases

CHAPTER 3 Area & Volume of Shapes & Solids Differential & Integral Calculus Laplace Transform Matrix Calculations Nuclear Differentiation Numerical Analysis & Approximate Methods States of Carbon per no. of Carbon Synthesis

2 – 55

Energy Balance for Steady State Flow

4-39

2 – 55

Equilibrium

4-25

Multistage Compression Work

4-40

Other Property Formulations

4-13

2 – 61 2 – 65

Otto Efficiency

4-17

2 – 48

Phase Rule of Freedom

4-27

2 - 80

Property Calculations or Gases and Vapors

4-8

2-433

2-427

Redlich Kwong Equation Shaft Work for Compressors & Expanders

2-421

Thermodynamic Property Relations

4-6

Trouton’s Rule for ΔH

4-13

Turbine Efficiency

4-16

Variables, Definitions & Relationships

4-5

Work Adiabatic Rev

4-7

Work Ideal

4-39

Work, Enthalpy, Entropy Relation

4-39

CHAPTER 5

16

Conduction

5-3

Convection

5-7

Correlation of Diffusivity

5-51

Diffusion

5-49

Equation for Hr

5-5

2-504

2 - 95

8 3-7

4-11 4-16

3-18 3-38 3-40 3-48 3-47 3-50 3-50

CHAPTER 4

18

Carnot 1

4-17

Continuity Equation for Mass Flowrate

4-14

Efficiency Pumps, Fan Compressor & Blowers

4-16

Frequency Wave Number, Wave Length H for Convection Nu = hD/k Height of Packings (NTU) Kirchoff’s Law for Radiation Mass Transfer

5-16 5-9 5-61 5-19 5-45

Mass transfer Coeff/ Corr Wetted Column

5-63

Radiation

5-15

Radiation

5-20

Radiation w/ View Factor Rule of Thumb for Diffusivities Total Emissivity of Various Surfaces

5-25 5-50 5-21

CHAPTER 6

14

Average Velocity of Pipes

6-11

Bernoulli’s Equation

6-7

Dimensionless Groups

6-50

Drag Coefficient

6-51

Entry Length

6-11

Equivalent Diameter

6-12

Fanning Friction Factor

6-10

Flow of Solids

6-52

Fluid Mixing (Agitation, Stirred Tanks) Frictional Losses in Pipeline Elements

CHAPTER 8 Advanced Control System Batch Process Control Controllers, Final Control Elements & Regulators Digital Technology for Process Control Flow Measurements Fundamentals of Process Dynamics & Control Noise Control Sound Pressure Level Process Control & Plant Safety Process Measurements Telemetering & Transmission Unit Operations Control

11 8-20 8-47 8-71 8-68 8-59 8-5 8-81 8-94 8-54 8-65 8-39

6-34 CHAPTER 10

31

6-16

Affinity Law for Homologous Pump

10-36

K for Valves & Fittings

6-18

Capillary Rise

10-8

Mach Number

6-22

Mass Balance

6-7

Shear Stress for Fluid

6-4

Char Curve Centrifugal Pumps at Various Speed Char Curve of Axial Flow Pumps Char Curve of Regenerative Pumps Density & Viscosity of Air & H2O

CHAPTER 7 Arrhenius Equation for Activation Energy Equation for Rate of Reaction

9 7-36 7-35

Half - Life

7-36

Ideal Reactors

7-10

Law of Mass Action & Effect of Temperature

7-6

Michaelis - Menten

7-18

Michaelis w/ Substrate Inhibition Nernst for Electro Chemical Cells Reaction Kinetics Basic Concepts

7-31 7-32 7-5

10-34 10-41 10-41 10-6

Discharge Head

10-26

Flexibility Factor & Stress for Pipe Fittings

10-119

Flow Meters

10-15

Ka Values

10-141

Kinetic Energy of Translation

10-48

Orifice Meters

10-16

Performance Curve Range for Impeller Pumps

10-35

Pitot Tubes

10-11

Power Needed for Fan Power Output for Pumps

10-51 10-27

Pump Efficiency

10-27

Pump Problems

10-43

Pump Selection

10-34

Pumps & Compressors PVT for Adiabatic Reversible Process

10-24

Temperature Profiles for Fluid Flow Thermal Design of Condensers Thermal Design of Evaporators

11-11

Thermal Insulation

11-70

Work for Separation & Purification

11-104

11-5

11-13

10-44

CHAPTER 12

14

RMS Fans & Blowers

10-49

Antoine’s Equation

12-5

Steel Pipe Properties

10-78

Storage & Process Vessels

10-140

Valves

10-93

Velocity Head

10-27

Calculation Methods for Humidity Parameters Calculation of Key Dimensions for Contact Dryers Classification of Dryer Based on Feed Classification of Drying Equipment

Venturi Meters

10-18

Cooling Tower

12-17

Work for Gases during Compression

Drying

12-25

10-45

ρ1, ρ2 for Flowmeters

10-9

CHAPTER 11

19

Air Conditioning

11-76

Velocity - Ratio Diagram Velocity Formula for Flow

Air Cooled Heat Exchanger BPR of Aqueous Solutions

10-13 10-27

11-49 11-115

Cryogenic Process

11-99

Evaporative Cooling Drying Ratio

11-29

Evaporators

11-110

Fouling & Scaling

11-23

Heat Exchangers for Solid

11-60

Insulation

11-107

Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient

11-4

Process Equipment

11-103

Refrigeration

11-78

TEMA Style Heat Exchanger Temp - P- Conc Diagram Li - Br - H2O

11-33 11-91

Drying Time (Constant Rate & Falling Rate) Psychrometry Chart Psychrometry DefInitions & Inter -Conversion Relation Between Wet & Dry Basis Sample Determination of Moist Air Properties Solids Drying Equipment

12-14

12-70 12-43 12-41

12-51 12-7 12-4 12-26 12-8 12-40

Terminology

12-26

CHAPTER 13

16

Azeotropic Distillation

13-81

Batch Distillation

13-109

D’ Preistier Chart for K Values Distillation Temperature of Oil Products Equilibrium Curves for Distillation

13-100

Feed Line Equation

13-19

13-10

13-8

(Slope & y- Intercept) Frenske - Underwood for Nmin Introduction to Distillation Operations McCabe –Thiele Method Relative Polarities of Functional Groups

Methods & Procedures 13-25 13-4 13-18 13-93

Relative Volatility

13-7

Relative Volatility

13-17

Simulation of Distillation Process Single Stage Equilibrium Flash Calculations Thermal Conditions for Feed Thermo – Dynamic Data

13-30 13-15 13-19 13-6

CHAPTER 14

18

Design of Gas Absorption Systems

14-7

Entrainment

14-40

Flooding

14-36

Gas Solubility & Viscosity Heat Effects in Gas Absorption Number of Stages for Absorption

14-15

Other Topics

14-80

Packed Columns

14-53

Packed Tower Design

14-11

Packing Efficiency

14-63

Phase Dispersion

14-86

Phase Separation

14-111

14-9

14-14

Definitions Desirable Solvent Properties Emerging Developments Liquid ρ, μ & Interfacial Tension Liquid-Liquid Dispersion Fundamentals Liquid-Liquid Extraction Equipment Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation Equipment Min & Max Solvent to Feed Ratio for LLE Process Control Consideration Solvent Screening Methods

15-10 15-11 15-103 15-39 15-41 15-58 15-96 15-23 15-93 15-32

CHAPTER 16

16

Adsorbents & Ion Exchangers

16-8

Batch Adsorption

16-26

Chromatography

16-38

Classification of Sorptive Separation Conservation Equations

16-5 16-17

Design Concepts

16-4

Fixed Bed Transition

16-31

Mass Transfer Coefficient Adsorption Methods of Analysis of Fixed Bed Transition Physical Properties of Adsorbents Physical Properties of Ion Exchangers

16-21 16-6

Pressure Drop

14-42

Transition /w Flow Regimes

14-47

Tray Columns

14-26

Tray Efficiency

14-48

Porosity

16-10

Tray Tower Design

14-14

Process Cycles

16-48

Typical Effect of Packings on KOH

14-23

Rate & Dispersion Factors

16-18

Rate Equations

16-22

Sorption Equilibrium

16-11

CHAPTER 15

11

Basic Calculation

15-44

16-10 16-11

CHAPTER 17

10

Collection Efficiency

17-53

Cyclone Efficiency

17-36

Dust Collection Equipment

17-28

Fluidized Bed Systems

17-2

Gas - Solids Separations Particle Measurements

17-21 17-24

Particle Size Analysis

17-26

Required Cyclone Length Function of Area

17-33

Tyler Screens

17-25

Uses of Fluidized Beds

17-16

CHAPTER 18

29

Centrifuges

18-114

Compression Zone Volume Crystallization Equipment Crystallization from Solution Expression

18-39

Filter Aids

Phase Diagram for MgSO4 - H2O

18-40

Power Number

18-28

Power Numbers for Anchor Impellers

18-29

Rate of Filtration

18-83

Relation for Geometrically Similar Impellers Selection of Filtration Equipment Selection of Solid-Liquid Separation Yield from Crystallization Yield from Evaporative Cooling Yield Stress for Centrifugal Cakes

18-13 18-112 18-149 18-41 18-41 18-119

18-70

CHAPTER 19

14

18-50

Capacity for Screw Conveyors

19-52

Catalytic Reactors

19-27

Effectiveness Factor

19-25

18-143

Fluid - Fluid Reactors

19-38

18-98

Fluid -Solid Reactors

19-25

Filtration

18-82

Ionic Strength

19-5

Filtration Equipment

18-99

Kinetics for Reactors CSTR & PFR

19-8

18-138

Multiphase Reactors

19-49

18-66

Non - Catalytic Reactor

19-36

Reactor Kinetics

19-8

Reactor Types

19-42

Filtration Rate for Centrifuges Gravity Sedimentation Growth Rates for Industrial Crystals Impeller Reynolds Number Introduction to Fluid Mixing

18-48 18-12 18-7

Leaching

18-59

Leaching Ideal Stages Liquid - Liquid Contacting

18-66

Mixing Equipment

18-9

Mixing of Viscous Fluids, Paste and Dough Phase Diagram for KCl - NaCl - H2O

18-20

18-27 18-40

Residence Time & Space Velocity Residence Time Distribution & Mixing

19-5 19-14

Single Phase Reactors

19-20

CHAPTER 20

10

Alternative Solid -Liquid Separation Crystallization from the Melts

20-15 20-3

Doppler Effect

20-30

Electro - dialysis

20-66

Membrane

20-36

Separation Process Microfiltration Selection of Biochemical Separation Process Supercritical Fluid Separation Processes

CHAPTER 22

8

20-54

Capital Recovery Factor

22-26

20 -71

Dulong’s Equation

22-86

Filtration

22-53

Flotation

22-18 22-73

20-14

Ultrafiltration

20-50

Ultrafiltration Membrane Properties

20-51

Lagoons for VCM Physical Chemical Treatment Adsorption Stripping

22-76

24

Viscosity of Liquids

22-15

CHAPTER 23

10

Chemical Reactivity

23-24

CHAPTER 21 Agglomeration Rate Process & Mechanics Coal, Coke & Other Carbon Products Control & Design of Granulation Processes Critical Speed for Ball Mills Crushing & Grinding Practice

21-82 21-71 21-110 21-64

Hazardous Materials & Conditions Inherently Safe Design & Other Principles

22-76

23-6 23-38

Other Hazards

23-34

21-68

Process Safety Analysis

23-41

Energy Laws

21-47

Process Safety Intro

23-4

Fluid Energy or Jet Mill

21-61

23-76

Impact & Roller Mills

21-56

Moh’s Scale

21-28

Particle Shape

21-10

Required Relief Rate Safety Equipment Process, Design & Operation Storage & Handling of Hazardous Materials Toxicity

23-28

CHAPTER 24

12

Particle Size Analysis Methods & Equipment Particle Size Measurement Screening Simulation of Granulation Processes Simulation of Grinding Process Size Enlargement Size Enlargement Equipment & Practice Size Enlargement Methods & Apps Size Reduction

21-8

23-74 23-97

21-12 21-21 21-143 21-52 21-73 21-117 21-76 21-45

Size Reduction

21-73

Solids Handling

21-20

Solids Mixing

21-33

Wet/Dry Grinding Media Mills

21-62

Work Indices

21-48

Combustion of Gaseous Fuels Combustion of Liquid Fuels Combustion of Solid Fuels Electrochemical Energy Conversion

24-32 24-31 24-25 24-45

Energy Recovery

24-51

Excess O2

24-21

Fuels Heating Value/ Calorific Value

24-4

m3

O2 / kg Fuel

24-5 24-22

Terminology Coals II

24-7

Theoretical O2

24-21

Thermal Energy Conversion Utilization

24-35

CHAPTER 25

5

Corrosion & Its Control

25-3

Geometry of Bonds High & Low Temperature of Materials

25-50

Properties of Materials

25-28

Thermo

25-10

25-45

INDEX

14

A

INDEX 1

BC

3

D

7

E

9

F

11

G

13

H

15

IJK

17

LM

19

NOP

21

QR

25

S

27

T

29