Personal Identification PDF

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College of Criminal Justice Education Buyagan, Poblacion, La Trinidad, Benguet

PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION (SET 1) NAME: ____________________________________ DATE: _____________________ INSTRUCTION: Select the correct answer for each of the following questions. Mark only one answer for each item by marking the box corresponding to the letter of your choice on the answer sheet provided. STRICTLY NO ERASURES ALLOWED. Use pencil no. 1 only. 1) It is considered as the pioneer of Personal Identification. A. Anthropometry B. Anthropology C. Fingerprint D. Dactyloscopy 2) It is considered as the latest way of PI. A. Fingerprint B. DNA C. Dactyloscopy D. Anthropometry 3) Among the following Method of Identification which is the most reliable method used in PI. A. Fingerprint identification B. DNA C. Odontology D. Anthropometry 4) How many finger does a normal person has? A. 10 fingers B. 8 fingers and 2 index C. 8 Fingers and 2 Thumb D. 5 pairs 5) The abrupt end of a ridge. A. Ridge ending B. Independent ridge C. Ridge bifurcation D. Island 6) A single ridge that divide into two ridges. A. Ridge ending B. Bridge C. Spur D. Ridge bifurcation 7) A Ridge that commences, travels a short distance and then ends. A. Ridge ending B. Spur C. Short ridge D. Delta 8) A single small ridge inside a short ridge or ridge ending that is nor connected to all other ridges. A. Delta B. Spur C. Short ridge D. Island

9) A single ridge that bifurcates and reunites shortly afterwards to continue as a single ridge. A. Cross-over B. Ridge enclosure C. Independent ridge D. Island 10) A bifurcation with short ridge branching off a longer ridge. A. Core B. Independent ridge C. Spur D. Delta 11) This are “known prints" fingerprints deliberately collected from a subject. A. Latent prints B. Invisible prints C. Example D. Standards 12) A short ridge that runs between two parallel ridges. A. Bridge B. Short ridge C. Ridge enclosure D. Ridge bifurcation 13) A Y shaped ridge meeting. A. Delta B. Cross-over C. Core D. Spur 14) A U turn in the ridge pattern. A. Delta B. Cross-over C. Core D. Spur 15) Major features of a fingerprint. A. Minutiae B. Bridge C. Divergence ridge D. Cross-over 16) It is an electronic device used to capture a digital image of the finger print pattern. A. Fingerprint B. Fingerprint Identification C. Fingerprint Sensor D. Electronic Recording 17) It refers to the identification of humans by their characteristics or traits. A. Fingerprint B. Fingerprint Identification C. Fingerprint Sensor D. Biometrics 18) A U-turn in the ridge pattern. A. Island B. Delta C. Bridge D. Core

19)

A Y-shape ridge meeting. A. Delta B. Island C. Cross-over D. Core 20) A short ridge that runs between two parallel ridges. A. Ridge Enclosure B. Bridge C. Ridge Ending D. Cross-over 21) A bifurcation with a short ridge branching off a longer ridge. A. Spur B. Ridge Bifurcation C. Ridge Enclosure D. Island 22) A single ridge that bifurcates and reunites shortly afterwards to continue as a single ridge. A. Spur B. Ridge Bifurcation C. Ridge Enclosure D. Island 23) A single small ridge inside a short ridge or ridge ending that is not connected to all other ridges. A. Ridge Ending B. Island C. Cross-over D. Spur 24) A ridge that commences, travels a short distance and then ends. A. Short Ridge B. Ridge Ending C. Spur D. Cross-Over 25) Short Ridge is also known as A. Spur B. Bridge C. Island D. Independent Ridge 26) A bridge is also called A. Spur B. Island C. Independent Ridge D. Cross-Over 27) A single ridge that divides into two ridges. A. Cross-Over B. Delta C. Ridge Bifurcation D. Island 28) The abrupt end of a ridge. A. Ridge Ending B. Short Ridge C. Island D. Core

29) Major Features of a fingerprint, using which comparisons of one print with another can be made. A. Minutiae B. Friction Ridge C. Latent Print D. Fingerprint Identification 30) A Short Ridge is also known as A. Spur B. Core C. Island D. Dots 31) Ridges which are significantly shorter than the average ridge length on the fingerprint. A. Delta B. Dot C. Spur D. Bridge 32) It is the point at which a ridge terminates. A. Core B. Island C. Delta D. Ridge Ending 33) Points at which a single ridge split into two ridges. A. Island B. Ridge Enclosure C. Bifurcation D. Bridge 34) The ridges enter from one side of the finger, rise in the center forming an arch and then exit the other side of the finger. A. Loop B. Arch C. Whorl D. Accidental whorl 35) Ridges form circularly around a central point on the finger. A. Radial Loop B. Loop C. Arch D. Whorl 36) The Ridges enter from one side of a finger, form a curve and then exit on that same side. A. Accidental Whorl B. Loop C. Arch D. Whorl 37) When is fingerprint ridges formed? A. First to second month of fetal development B. Second to third month of fetal development C. Third to fourth month of fetal development D. Fourth to fifth month of fetal development 38) It is the process of automatically matching one of many unknown fingerprints against a database of known and unknown prints. A. Minutiae B. Automated Fingerprint Identification System - AFIS C. Exemplar D. Electric Recording

39) A basic fundamentals of fingerprints which says that fingerprint never change. A. Individuality B. Permanence C. Static D. Variable 40) A basic fundamentals of fingerprint which says that no two fingerprints are alike. A. Individuality B. Permanence C. Static D. Variable 41) One of the characteristics of a ridge, the point at which the ridge terminates. A. Ridge Ending B. Bifurcation C. Dot D. Island 42) The Y-Shaped split of one ridge into two. A. Ridge Ending B. Bifurcation C. Dot D. Island 43) It refers to the feet and toes. A. Palmar B. Plantar C. Exemplar D. Latent 44) It refers to fingers and palms. A. Palmar B. Plantar C. Exemplar D. Latent 45) It is an impression left by the friction ridges of a human finger. A. Dermatoglyphics B. Latent Print C. Friction Ridge D. fingerprint

PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION Fingerprint - is an impression left by the friction ridge of a human finger. Friction ridge - is a raised portion of the epidermis on the fingers and toes, the palm of the hand or the sole of the foot, consisting of one or more connected ridge units of the friction ridge skin.These are sometimes known as "epidermal ridges" Dermatoglyphics - scientific study of fingerprints.

Type of Prints 1. Exemplar - "known prints" - fingerprints deliberately collected from a subject. 2. Latent - means chance or accidental impression left by the friction ridge skin on a surface regardless of whether it is visible or invisible at the time of deposition. Although the word latent means hidden or invisible in modern usage for forensic science. 3. Patent - chance friction ridge impressions which are obvious to the human eye and which have been caused by the transfer of foreign material from a finger into a surface. 4. Plastic Print - is a friction ridge impression left in a material that retains the shape of the ridge detail. 5. Electronic Recording - example, a man selling stolen watches sending images of them on a mobile phone and those images included parts of his hands in enough detail for police to be able to identify fingerprint patterns. Notes:  Plantar - refers to feet and toes.  Palmar - refers to finger and palm. Personalities who significantly contributed to the science of fingerprint. 1. Jan Evangelista Purkinje (1787 - 1869) - a czech physiologist and professor of anatomy at the university of Breslau, published a thesis in 1823 discussing 9 fingerprint patterns but he did not mention any possibility of using fingerprint to identify people. 2. Georg Von Meisner (1829 - 1905) - German anatomist who studied friction ridges. 3. Sir William James Herschel - initiated fingerprinting in India. In 1877 at Hoogly near Calcutta, he instituted the use of fingerprints on contracts and deeds to prevent the then rampant repudiation of signatures and he registered government pensioners fingerprint to prevent the collection of money by relatives after a pensioners’ death. 4. Henry Faulds - a Scottish surgeon who in 1880, in a Tokyo hospital, published his first paper on the subject in the scientific journal nature. He took up the study of "skin furrows" after noticing finger marks on specimens of prehistoric pottery. 5. Juan Vucetich - an Argentine chief of police who created the first method of recording the fingerprint of individuals on file, associating this these fingerprints to the anthropometric system of Alphonse Bertillon. 6. Alphonse Bertillon - created in 1879 a system to identify individuals by anthropometric photographs and associated quantitative descriptions. 7. Edward Richard Henry - UK home secretary who conducted an inquiry into identification of criminals by measurements and fingerprints. The Henry Classification System of classifying fingerprint was named after him. 8. Azizul Hague and Hem Chandra Bose - Indian fingerprint expert who have been

credited with the primary development of a fingerprint classification system eventually named after their supervisor Sir Edward Richard Henry. 9. Henry P. deForrest - used fingerprinting in the New York civil service in 1902 and by 1906. Pioneered U.S. fingerprinting. 10. Nehemiah Grew -(1641 - 1712) - in 1684, this English physician, botanist and microscopist published the first scientific paper to describe the ridge structure of the skin covering the fingers and palms. 11. Marcelo Malphigi - an anatomy professor at the university of Bologna, noted in his treatise in 1686, ridges, spirals and loops in fingerprints, a layer of skin was named after him "malphigi layer" which is approximately 1.8 mm thick. 12. Mark Twain - in his memoir life on the Mississippi 1883, it mentioned a melodramatic account of a murder in which the killer was identified by a thumbprint. Twain's novel Pudd'n head Wilson published in 1893 includes a court room drama that turns on fingerprint identification. Fingerprint Sensor - is an electronic device used to capture a digital image of the fingerprint pattern. The captured image is called a live scan. Biometrics (Biometric Authentication) - refers to the identification of humans by their characteristics or traits. Latent Print - (known as dactyloscopy or hand print identification) - is the process of comparing two instances of friction ridge skin impressions from human fingers, palm of the hand, or even toes to determine whether these impressions could have come from the same individual. The Most Popular Ten Print Classification System. 1. Roscher System - developed in Germany. Implemented in Germany and Japan. 2. Juan Vucetich System - developed in Argentina. Implemented throughout South America. 3. Henry Classification System - developed in India. Implemented in most English speaking countries. In the Henry System of Classification. There are 3 basic fingerprint patterns. 1. Loop - constitute 60% to 65% of all fingerprint. the ridges enter from one side of the finger, form a curve and then exit on that same side Kinds of Loop 1) ulnar Loop 2) radial Loop 2. Whorl - constitute 30% to 35% of all fingerprints. ridges form circularly around a central point on the finger. Kinds of Whorl 1) plain Whorl 3) double Loop whorl 2) accidental Whorl 4) central Pocket Loop Whorl. 3. Arch - constitute 5% of all fingerprints. the ridges enter from one side of the finger, rise in the center forming an arch and then exit the other side of the finger. Kinds of Arch 1) plain Arch 2) tented Arch The Basic Fundamentals of Fingerprints are: 1. Permanence - fingerprints never change.

2. Individuality - no two fingerprints are alike. Characteristics of a Ridge (minutia Features) 1. Ridge Ending - the end of a ridge. 2. Bifurcation - the Y-shaped split of one ridge into two. 3. Dot - is a very short ridge that looks like a dot. Forensic Anthropology - forensic discipline that studies human skeletal remains for identification. Forensic Odontology - study of dental features to identify a victim when the body is otherwise unidentifiable. REMEMBER THE FOLLOWING: PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION 1. Ridge ending -The abrupt end of a ridge. 2. Ridge bifurcation - A single ridge that divide into two ridges. 3. Short ridge - A Ridge that commences, travels a short distance and then ends. 4. Island - A single small ridge inside a short ridge or ridge ending that is nor connected to all other ridges. 5. Ridge enclosure - A single ridge that bifurcates and reunites shortly afterwards to continue as a single ridge. 6. Spur - A bifurcation with short ridge branching off a longer ridge. 7. Bridge - A short ridge that runs between two parallel ridges. 8. Delta A Y shaped ridge meeting. 9. Core - A U turn in the ridge pattern. 10.Minutiae - Major features of a fingerprint. Personal Identification 1. Fingerprint 2. DNA 3. Forensic Anthropology 4. Facial reconstruction 5. Hair comparisons

DEFINITION OF TERMS Accidental whorl - relatively rare pattern having 3 or more deltas or all the characteristics of two or more different pattern types (excluding the plain arch). This category is used to accommodate those patterns that do not conform to any of the fingerprint patterns. Adhesive lifter - any of a variety of adhesive coated materials or tapes used to lift fingerprints or footwear impressions. They are primarily used to lift powdered impressions from nonporous surfaces. AFIS - (automated fingerprint identification system) enables computers to make rapid and accurate comparisons between fingerprints and the vast number of fingerprints in police records. Alternate light source - equipment used to produce visible and invisible light at various wavelengths to enhance or visualize potential items of evidence. Angle - results from two or more ridges converging with one another at a point. Anthropometry - method of identification devised by Alphonse Bertillon in the late 19th century, consisting of a set of body measurements thought to form a unique profile.

Central pocket loop - a variation of the plain whorl pattern. Some ridges tend to form a loop pattern that recurves and surround a whorl at the center. Core - A U-turn in the ridge pattern. Approximate center of the pattern area. Cross over/Bridge - a short ridge that runs between two parallel ridges. Cyanoacrylate fuming - important method for the visualization of latent fingerprints. Also called "super glue fuming". Delta - the nearest point nearest the type line divergence, a characteristic junction in the looped ridge pattern seen in the fingerprints of approximately 65% of people. The outer terminal point of the pattern nearest the type line divergence. A Y-shape ridge meeting. Dental records - a standard system for classifying a person’s teeth according to distribution, displacement, and their appearance together with any gaps or evidence of remedial work; useful for identifying bodies because of the virtual indestructibility of the teeth. Dermis - the layer of the skin just below the epidermis or outer layer. The dermis has a rich supply of blood vessels, nerves, and skin structures.

Arch - the ridges enter from one side of the finger, rise in the center forming an arc and then exit the other side of the finger.

Divergence - is the spreading a part of two ridges that have been running parallel or nearly parallel

Argentina - became the first country to rely solely on fingerprints as a method of individualization.

Diverging ridges - diverging ridges are parallel for some distance but then swing out away from each other

Bartillonage - a method of classifying human beings by a set of detailed body measurements, invented by Alphonse Bertillon, a clerk in the French Surete in 1883 but rendered obsolete by fingerprinting.

DNA profile - consists of a set of DNA identification characteristics that permit the DNA of one person to be distinguishable from that of another person.

Bifurcation - (fork) a single ridge splitting or forking into two branches. Biometrics - refers to the identification of humans by their physiological/behavioral characteristics Bridges - a connecting friction ridge between parallel running ridges

Dot - a very short ridge and means exactly what the word implies. Double loop - (twinned loop) another type of whorl. In it, two separate loop formations are present and may surround each other. Enclosure ridge - a single ridge that bifurcates and reunites shortly afterwards to continue as a single ridge. Also known as lakes.

generally right angles.

Enhance - to develop or to bring out from a latent form. Enlargement - a print made from a smaller negative or slide through magnification. Epidermis - the outermost non vascular covering of the skin. Femur - the thighbone which can be measured and used as a guide to the height of the person to whom it belongs. Fingerprint pattern type - formed by a series of lines corresponding to ridges (hills) and grooves (valleys) on the skin of the fingertip. There are eight basic types of fingerprint patterns. Fingerprint powder - a powder (silver, gray, black, red or fluorescent) dusted on a latent print with a brush to enhance or bring out the ridge details of a print. Fingerprint recognition/Fingerprint identification - refers to the automated method of verifying a match between two human fingerprints. Focal point - are found within most pattern areas, usually a delta and core. Forensic odontology - the study of teeth, dentures and bite marks for the purpose of obtaining criminal evidence or identifying physical remains or the source of the bite wounds. Friction ridge skin - skin on the soles of the feet, palms of the hands, and fingers of humans and some primates that form ridges and valleys. Friction ridge skin forms classifiable patterns on the end joint of the finger. Horizontal plane - is the ridge directly below an up thrusting or angular ridge in tented arch pattern, the baseline ridge enters the pattern may rise slightly and exits on the opposite side from which it enters. Identikit - the first packaged system for reconstructing the appearance of a suspects face based on a wide choice of drawings of facial features. Iodine fumes - the oldest method for visualizing latent fingerprints at a crime scene.

Island - a single small ridge inside a short ridge or ridge ending that is not connected to all other ridges. Langer's lines - structural orientation of the fibrous tissue of the skin that forms the natural cleavage line present in all body areas but visible only in certain areas such as the creases of the palms. Latent print - generally used to describe any type of print found at the scene of a crime or on evidence associated with a crime. Latent prints are normally not visible. Some means of development is generally required for their visualization. Line of flow - imaginary line between the delta and core in the loop and whorl patterns. Line of flow is used to determine sufficient recurve in patterns. Loop - the ridges enter from one side of a finger, form a curve and then exit on the same side. Major criminal prints - a recording of all of the friction ridge skin that covers the hands. Major criminal prints include fingers, palms tip of the fingers and middle joints of the finger on both sides Minutiae - the characteristics that make each fingerprint capable of being differentiated from any other print by a different area of friction skin. Comparison of latent prints with known prints begins with the overall pattern. The ridge detail of fingerprints including the ends of the ridges, their separations, and their relationships to one another constitute the bases for fingerprint comparison. Palmar zone - the elevated area just behind the fingers and above the center of the palm. This zone has no hair follicles and thus, no apocrine or sebaceous glands. Pattern area - is that part of the fingerprint impression used in the interpretation and classification of a finger. Is that part of a loop or whorl in which appear the core, delta, and ridge. Plain arch - the simplest pattern. The ridges enter on one side, rise to form a wave in the center and exit smoothly ...