PHI105 T3 Study Material-Cognitive Distortions Study Guide PDF

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Cognitive Distortions Study Guide (Flash Cards) Create flash cards to help you study for the cognitive distortions quiz in Topic 3 by filling in a definition and an example on each fallacy card below. You can find the definitions to each distortion within Chapter 3 of our Ebook. Afterward, you can print it out, cut out each distortion card, and fold them in half to study with. This study guide is not worth any credit. If completed this would be for your own study purposes.

Always Being Right

Global Labeling

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Enter definition here: Being wrong is regarded as impossible and individuals will go to any length to prove their correctness.

Enter definition here: individuals tend to generalize one or two isolated attributes to a negative universal finding.

Enter example here:

Enter example here: when someone thinks of himself as a complete loser because he was unsuccessful in completing a particular task, even though he may have successfully completed a dozen other tasks that same day.

Emotional Reasoning

Shoulds

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Enter definition here: the belief that what is felt must automatically be true.

Enter definition here: Having a fixed set of nothing about how everyone should behave. Anyone who breaks the rules makes the individual feel angry.

Enter example here: if someone feels uninteresting and dumb, according to this reasoning then they must in fact be uninteresting and dumb.

Blaming

Enter example here: we believe we should exercise; we experience feelings of guilt when we do not.

Personalization

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--------------------------------------------------------------------Enter definition here: when an individual holds others accountable for their pain or when an individual blames themselves for every problem that occurs. Enter example here: when an individual blames others because he or she is feeling bad about himself or herself. However, nobody can make a person feel any particular way because we control our own emotions.

---------------------------------------------------------------------Enter definition here: people compare themselves to others to determine who is better looking, smarter, or more likeable. ALTERNATIVELY, people can see themselves as being to blame for an incident for which they were not responsible or over which they had no control. Enter example here: a person blames himself or herself for being late to a social event when he or she was caught in heavy traffic.

Catastrophizing

Overgeneralization

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Enter definition here: when we immediately jump to the worst conclusion about a particular event.

Enter definition here: a general opinion is formed based on a single piece of evidence or a solitary incident.

Enter example here: if you fail to win a scholarship that you applied for, this means that you will probably not be able to complete college and will end up unemployed and homeless.

Enter example here: if anything bad occurs just once then assume it will occur continually.

Polarized Thinking

Filtering

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Enter definition here: situations are either one way or the other; there is no middle ground or compromise. “Black and white thinking”

Enter definition here: you take the undesirable details of a particular situation and expand upon them while excluding or ignoring any positive details.

Enter example here: they have to be perfect or they are a failure.

Enter example here: when we single out one undesirable element and dwell on it obsessively so that our perception becomes, for us, the truth....