Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration Review PDF

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Dr. Fishback online biology 111 course...

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Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration Review

Name: Rhiannon Rabon Vocabulary: Match the phrases on the left with the term that best fits. Use answers only one time. (1 point each) __J__1. Organisms that make their own food _A___2. Site of photosynthesis

A. Chloroplasts B. Aneorobic

_F___3.

Process occurs in a mitochondrion

C. Aerobic

__D__4.

C6H12O6

D. Glucose

___B_5. Process does not require oxygen

E. ATP

__C__6. Process requires oxygen

F. cell respiration

__I__7.

Adenosine diphosphate

G. Glycolysis

__E__8.

Energy storing molecule of the cell

H. Heterotrophs

_G___9. The anaerobic process of splitting glucose and forming two molecules of pyruvic acid

I. ADP J. Autotrophs

__H__10. Organisms that do not make their own food

Directions: Answer each of the following questions in a clear and concise manner.(6 points each) 1. Discuss how cells store energy and release energy using ATP. Be specific! You may draw the cycle to help with your explanation if you need to. ADP becomes ATP when a phosphate is added by either substrate-level phosphorylation, oxidative phosphorylation, or photophosphorylation. When ATP is formed, energy can be stored here to be used later during chemical reactions. ATP is broken down by releasing a phosphate to then be reduced to ADP once again. When ATP is broken down, energy is being released.

2. Describe in your own words what cell respiration is and why it is needed. Cell respiration is the process of creating ATP molecules to be used for energy. It is important because during this process, oxygen is utilized and carbon dioxide is the product. Also, it’s needed because this is how the cell’s in the body obtain energy from the food we eat.

3. Write the equation for cell respiration in words and chemical formula form. Glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + ATP C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

4. In what step of cell respiration does glucose get broken down? What does it get broken down to and why must it be broken down? Glucose is broken down into two pyruvate molecules, 2 NADH molecules, 2 ATP molecules, and 2 water molecules during glycolysis. It must be broken down before entering pyruvate oxidation to continue in cell respiration if oxygen is present. If oxygen is not present, it has to be broken down to continue in fermentation.

5. Why can all organisms (prokaryotes and eukaryotes) use glycolysis but not all organisms use the Kreb’s cycle and ETC (only eukaryotes do)? Glycolysis can occur with or without the presence of oxygen. Prokaryotes that are anaerobic can still perform this part of cell respiration, but only aerobic organisms can continue because pyruvate oxidation, CTA, and oxidative phosphorylation needs oxygen.

6. What is the difference in an aerobic process and anaerobic process? Aerobic requires oxygen and anaerobic does not. 7. Name the three processes of aerobic cellular respiration. How many ATP’s does each process produce, and what is the total ATP produced from one glucose?

1) Glycolysis: 2 ATP 2) Citric Acid Cycle: 2 ATP 3) Electron transport chain: 26-28 ATP Total: 30-32 ATP 8. What is fermentation and why is it used? Fermentation is when pyruvate is broken down into carbon dioxide and alcohol or lactic acid. This happens when oxygen is not present. 9. Our bodies use fermentation when our muscles lack oxygen. What is the type of fermentation used by us? Bacteria and yeast also use fermentation in the process of making bread, cheese and yogurt. What type of fermentation do they use? By us: lactic acid fermentation Bacteria and yeast: alcoholic fermentation

10. Describe in your own words what photosynthesis is and why it is important. Photosynthesis is the process by which plants and other organisms with chloroplasts convert sunlight to chemical energy (glucose). It is important because the plants need glucose to nourish themselves and stay alive, and in turn they produce oxygen that humans need to survive.

11. Name the two stages of photosynthesis and list the starting molecule(s) or reactants and ending molecule(s) or products of each. 1) Photo reactions: a) starting = light and water b) Products = ATP, NADPH, oxygen 2) Calvin Cycle: a) starting = carbon dioxide b) products = 1 G3P (every 3 carbon dioxide molecules) or 1 glucose (every 6 carbon dioxide molecules) 12. What is the general chemical equation of photosynthesis? Use both words and formula form. Carbon dioxide + water --(sunlight)--> glucose + oxygen

6CO2 + 6H20 --(sunlight)--> C6H12O6 + 6O2

13. Explain how the equations for photosynthesis and respiration are related. The equations for photosynthesis and respiration are opposite of each other. The means the products in cell respiration are the reactants in photosynthesis; and the products of photosynthesis are the reactants in cellular respiration.

14. Fill in the chart comparing and contrasting cell respiration and photosynthesis. Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis

Organelle for process

mitochondria

Mitochondria or chloroplasts

Reactants

Glucose, Oxygen

Light, Water, and Oxygen

Cycle of Chemical Reactions

Products

1. Glycolsis 2. citric acid cycle 3. electron transport chain Carbon Dioxide, Water, ATP

1. Light dependent reactions 2. Light independent reactions (calvin cycle) Glucose, Oxygen

15. Animals do not perform photosynthesis; however, it is essential to our survival. Explain this. Oxygen and glucose are produced during photosynthesis. Humans require oxygen to breathe and glucose for our cells to make energy. We receive the oxygen through the air and glucose when we eat the plants....