Physical Properties of Hydrocarbon Compounds PDF

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Summary of experiment physical properties hydrocarbon...

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FUNDAMENTAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY CHM250 EXPERIMENT’S TITLE: REACTIONS OF HYDROCARBONS AND ALKYL HALIDES: Physical Properties of Hydrocarbon Compounds

NAME: NUR IZZAH AFRINA BINTI JASNI STUDENT ID: 2019202218 CLASS: AS1203_7 LECTURER’S NAME: MADAM FARAH ZAYANAH BINTI AHMAD ZULKIFLI SUBMISSION DATE: 5 NOVEMBER 2020

PROCEDURE Part A: Physical Properties of Hydrocarbon Compounds I.

Test for Water Solubility

1. 1 mL of the hydrocarbons (cyclohexane, cyclohexene, hexyne and toluene) were placed into four different test tubes. 2. 1 mL of water was added into each test tube. 3. The test tube was swirled gently to mix the solution. 4. The test tube was allowed to sit undisturbed for a minute. 5. The observation was recorded in term of solubility (miscible or immiscible)

II.

Test for Solubility in Heptane

1. 1 mL of the hydrocarbons (cyclohexane, cyclohexene, hexyne and toluene) were placed into four different test tubes. 2. 1 mL of heptane was added into each test tube. 3. The test tube was swirled gently to mix the solution. 4. The test tube was allowed to sit undisturbed for a minute. 5. The observation was recorded in term of solubility (miscible or immiscible).

RESULT Part A: Physical Properties of Hydrocarbon Compounds I.

Test for water solubility. Compound

Observation

Miscible/Immiscible

Cyclohexane

Layer formed

Immiscible

Cyclohexene

Layer formed

Immiscible

Hexyne

Layer formed

Immiscible

Toluene

Layer formed

Immiscible

II.

Test for solubility in heptane. Compound

Observation

Miscible/Immiscible

Cyclohexane

No layer formed

Miscible

Cyclohexene

No layer formed

Miscible

Hexyne

No layer formed

Miscible

Toluene

No layer formed

Miscible

DISCUSSION The experiment wants to test solubility between hydrocarbon compounds which is cyclohexane, cyclohexene, hexyne, toluene and water. From the experiment, an observation was made that cyclohexane has layer formed and it means that cyclohexane and the water do not mix together. It is immiscible. This is because it has symmetrical structure and it has role as a nonpolar solvent while water molecules are polar. Because of the polarity of its own molecules, water interacts differently with charged and polar substances than with non-polar substances. While, for cyclohexene, it is immiscible in water because of cyclohexene is a non-polar molecule and water is a polar molecule due the difference in electronegativity between the atomic bonds is sufficient. Hexyne is immiscible in water because layer formed between water and hexyne. Toluene is immiscible to water because Toluene is made up from hydrogen and carbon and has a very low polarity than water. The next experiment to know physical properties of hydrocarbon compounds is by testing solubility in heptane. Cyclohexane is miscible with heptane because of cyclohexane is non-polar and heptane is also non-polar molecule. Heptane is a straight-chain alkane which is the C-H (carbon-hydrogen) bond has a weak dipole moment and weak polar molecule. So, it is considered as non-polar molecules. Next, cyclohexene is miscible in heptane because no layer formed between the cyclohexene and heptane. When there is no layer formed, it means the two mixture mixes together. While for hexyne, hexyne is miscible in organic solvent like heptane which is heptane is non-polar solvent. Both of it is non-polar. Toluene is miscible in heptane as toluene and heptane are non-polar molecules. Hydrocarbon compounds and other non-polar molecule are more soluble in heptane than in water because water is polar molecule. Some random error can happen in this experiment such as experimenter being distracted while taking a measurement. For instance, the experimenter accidentally poured 2 mL of hydrocarbon compounds instead of 1 mL of hydrocarbon compounds. Since the random error cannot be eliminated from the experiment, the experimenter has to make sure the measurement is correct before the experiment start....