Physical Science 11 Module 1.1 Atomic Number and Synthesis of New Elements PDF

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Physical ScienceQuarter 3 – Module 1:Atomic Number and Synthesis ofNew ElementsPhysical Science– Grade 11 Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 3 – Module 1: Atomic Number and Synthesis of New Elements First Edition, 2020Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work ...

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Physical Science Quarter 3 – Module 1.1: Atomic Number and Synthesis of New Elements

Physical Science– Grade 11 Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 3 – Module 1.1: Atomic Number and Synthesis of New Elements First Edition, 2020 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties. Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Published by the Department of Education Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

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Physical Science Quarter 3 – Module1.1: Atomic Number and Synthesis of New Elements

Introductory Message This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson. Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-bystep as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you. Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check you’re learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these. In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best help you on your home-based learning. Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And read the instructions carefully before performing each task. If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Thank you.

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What I Need to Know

This learning module was designed to help the students to learn the key concepts of atomic number and mass number and its role in yielding new synthetic elements in the laboratories. This learning module deals with the understanding the concept of atomic number that leads to produce new elements. To further enhance the students’ learning, different learning activities are provided in this module. The lesson is presented in an easy way in order to address the learning difficulties of the students by using language level at par with their comprehension. Based on the recent study, students learn more if they are actively engaged in the textbook they are using. This learning module can help to improve the student’s academic achievement in this subject. With this material, students can work in less supervision of the teacher. The module is contained one lesson. •

Lesson 1 – Atomic Number and Synthesis of New Elements

The most essential learning competency for this module. Explain how the concept of atomic number led to the synthesis of new elements in the laboratory (S11/12PS-IIIb-11) After going through this module, you are specifically expected to: 1. Define atomic number; 2. Determine the atomic number and mass number of the given element, and 3. Explain how the concept of atomic number led to the synthesis of new elements in the laboratory.

What I Know Identify the key term referred in each statement. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper. __________1. The sum of the number of neutrons and protons in the nucleus of an atom. __________2. It refers to the number of protons in the nucleus of an element. __________3. A devise used in increasing the electrically charged atomic particle. __________4. It is the first ever man-made element developed. __________5. A particle that consists of proton and neutron in synthesizing element in cyclotron.

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Lesson

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Atomic number and Synthesis of new elements

In 1913, Henry Moseley arranged the elements in the periodic table based on their increasing atomic number. Up to this date, his work is very significant because the elements are still arranged in terms of atomic number. The atomic number refers to the number of protons in the atom’s nucleus. It is also the basis of element’s identity. More so, the number of protons in an element determines the electrons that surround the nucleus. The atomic number of an element helps the scientists to synthesize new elements in the laboratories.

What’s In What are two words that you can form from these pictures?

Atomic number, what is atomic number? Atomic number refers to the number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom. As you explore this learning material you will learn the concept atomic number and its important role in yielding new elements in the laboratory.

What’s New What is the essential role of atomic number in creating new elements? The atomic number and mass number The X-ray spectroscopy of Henry Moseley, an English physicist played a significant development in determining the atomic number of the elements. In his experiment, the different beam of electrons bombarded with other elements produced varying frequencies of x-ray spectral lines. He measured and concluded that these frequencies revealed by the elements in his worked were similar location in the

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periodic table of elements. Therefore, he assigned these frequencies as the atomic number of each element. The atomic number indicates the number of protons found in the nucleus of each element. It also serves as the identity of an atom. In a neutral atom, the number of protons is equal to the number of electrons. Thus, atomic number is equal to the number of electrons in a neutral atom. For instance, aluminum has an atomic number of 13, meaning each neutral atom of aluminum has 13 protons and 13 electrons. In general, the acceptable representation of atomic number is this symbol, capital Z. The total number of neutrons and protons in the nucleus of an atom referred mass number. The mass number represents by this symbol, capital A.

A Z

X

Where: X is element symbol A is the mass number Z is the atomic number Mass number (A) = number of protons (p+) + number of neutrons (n0) = Atomic number (Z) + number of neutrons (n0) Atomic number (Z) = number of protons (p+) = number of electrons (e-) Number of neutrons (n0) = Mass number (A) - number of protons (p+) Note: Protons are positive charge, electrons are negative charge and neutrons are neutral or no charge.

Let us try this Fill in what is missing in the ZApen table. Element Symbol

Z

A

(p+)

(e-)

(n0)

Mg Al

12 13

24 27

12 13

12 13

12 14

For Mg:

For Al:

Z is 12, = #p+ and #e- which is 12

p+ is 13 = A and #e- which is 13

no = A - p+

A = p + no

= 24 – 12

= 13 + 14

= 12

= 27

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The synthesis of new elements Most of the elements are found naturally, but there are some elements can be produced in the laboratories. The scientists used particle accelerator to synthesize new synthetic elements. The particle accelerator is a device used to speed up the electrically charged atomic particles or subatomic particles by using magnetic and electrical fields. In 1930, the element 92, Uranium was the heaviest element discovered at that time. The eagerness of scientists to study and discover the behavior and characteristics of the elements challenged them to create new elements. By the year 1937, Ernest Lawrence used linear particle accelerator in creating element 43 by bombarding the atoms of molybdenum with atomic number 42 with fast moving electrons. He named this element 43 as Technetium. The first man-made element. In 1940, the element astatine with atomic number 85 is synthesized by the collaboration of three great scientists, Emilio Segre, Kenneth Mackenzie and Dale Corson by bombarding the atoms of element bismuth with atomic number 83 using the fast moving alpha particle. In the same year, Edwin McMillan used particle accelerator to bombard uranium with neutrons that led him to discover the element with atomic number 93. He called it neptunium. In the late 1940, the four scientists namely, Glenn Seaborg, Edwin McMillan, Joseph Kennedy and Arthur Wahl synthesized element 94 by bombarding the uranium with deuterons in the cyclotron. The cyclotron is a particle accelerator used in alternating electric field to accelerate particles that move in a spiral path in the presence of a magnetic field. The deuterons are particles made of a proton and a neutron. They named the element 94 to plutonium. In the periodic table of elements, elements with atomic number higher than 92 are belong to the group or family of transuranium elements. Since, elements neptunium and plutonium have atomic number 93 and 94 respectively are grouped in the family of transuranium elements. These elements are unstable and radioactively decay into other elements. The transuranium elements are created using nuclear reactors or particle accelerators. The particle accelerators are used to create new elements in the laboratory. These elements are synthesized in the laboratory and considered as synthetic elements.

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What is It

After reading the text in What’s new. Let us see how far you have learned this topic. Fill in what is missing in the ZApen table. Use a separate sheet of paper for your answer. Element Symbol

Z

A

(p+)

Ar

18

40

O

(e)

(n0)

8

8

7

N

7 15

P Bi

83

Be

4

25 126

9 42

Mo

54

What’s More

Match the term in Column A to Column B. Use a separate sheet of paper for your answer. A

B

_____1. Transuranium elements

a. Fast moving alpha particle.

_____2. Ernest Lawrence

b. Plutonium.

_____3. Dale Corson et.,al.

c. Heaviest element.

_____4. Glenn Seaborg et.,al.

d. Unstable and decay radioactively.

_____5. Uranium

e. Linear particle accelerator.

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What I Have Learned 1. The atomic number indicates the number of protons found in the nucleus of each element. 2. Mass number is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom. 3. The deuteron is a devise used in increasing the electrically charged atomic particle. 4. The particle accelerators are used to create new elements in the laboratory. 5. The cyclotron is a particle accelerator used in alternating electric field to accelerate particles that move in a spiral path in the presence of a magnetic field. 6. The mass number symbol is capital A, for the atomic number capital Z. 7. The transuranium elements are unstable and radioactively decay into other elements.

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What I Can Do

Using the periodic table of elements. Determine the atomic number and predict the name of element and element symbol from the given number of electrons. Use a separate sheet of paper for your answer.

Number of electrons

Atomic Number

Element name

29 30 19 14 26

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Element symbol

Assessment

Multiple Choice. Read and analyze each question. Write the letter that corresponds to your answer on a separate sheet of paper. 1. The atomic number is based from the number of__________. a. protons and electrons in the c. electrons and neutrons in the atom’s nucleus. atom’s nucleus. d. electrons in the atom’s b. protons in the atom’s nucleus. nucleus. 2. The mass number of an element is determined by________. c. the number of electrons in the a. the number of protons in the nucleus. nucleus. d. the number of protons and b. the number of protons and electrons in the nucleus. neutrons in the nucleus. 3. The atomic number is equal to the number of ______. c. protons and electrons a. electrons and neutrons d. mass number and electrons b. protons and neutrons 4. The atomic number of lithium is 3, how many numbers of protons and electrons will the lithium have? c. 2 protons and 1 electron a. 3 protons and 6 electrons d. 3 protons and 3 electrons b. 1 proton and 2 electrons 5. The mass number of magnesium is 24, therefore, magnesium atom has______. c. 12 protons and 12 neutrons a. 12 protons and 12 electrons d. 24 protons and 0 neutrons b. 12 electrons and 12 neutrons 6. The element technetium has an atomic number of_______. a. 43 c. 93 b. 45 d. 94 7. What is the element discovered by Edwin McMillan? c. Neptunium a. Technetium d. Uranium b. Plutonium 8. The particle accelerator is used to synthesize new elements, which of the following pairs is the correct match? c. Cyclotron particle accelerator a. Linear particle accelerator to to uranium technetium d. Chemical particle accelerator b. Fast moving alpha particle to to neptunium plutonium 9. A particle that is composed of a proton and neutron. c. Deuteron a. Cyclotron d. Celeron b. Dendeteron 10. Which of the following elements is belong to the family of transuranium elements? a. Carbon c. Molybdenum b. Technetium d. Plutonium

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Additional Activities

Using the periodic table of elements. Complete what is missing in each box. Use a separate sheet of paper for your answer. # of p+

Z

A

# of e-

# of no

52 22 19 83 32

2

Element name

Element symbol

3 Additional activities:

What’s more:

# of p+ 52 22 19 83 32

D E A B C

Assessment: 1. B 2. B 3. C 4. D 5. C 6. A 7. C 8. A 9. C 10. D

Z

A

(p+)

Ar O N P Bi Be Mo

18 8 7 15 83 4 42

40 16 14 40 209 9 96

18 8 7 15 83 4 42

A

52 22 19 83 32

128 48 40 209 73

# of e52 22 19 83 32

# of no 76 26 21 126 41

(e)

(n0)

18 8 7 15 83 4 42

22 8 7 25 126 5 54

Element name

Element symbol

Tellurium Titanium Potassium Bismuth Germanium

Te Ti K Bi Ge

What can I Do: Number of electrons 29 30 19 14 26

What is It: Element Symbol

Z

Atomic Number

Element name

Element symbol

29 30 19 14 26

Copper Zinc Potassium Silicon Iron

Cu Zn K Si Fe

What’s In

What I Know:

1. Atomic number

1. Mass number 2. Atomic number 3. Particle accelerator 4. Technetium 5. Deuteron

Answer Key

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

References Chang, R. Chemistry 8th Edition. McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10029, 2005. David, B. Study Guide to Accompany Atkits and Beran: General Chemistry 2nd Edition. W.H. Freeman and Company, 41 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10010, 1995. Dorin, H., Demmin, P.E., & Gabel D.L. Prentice Hall Chemistry: The Study of Matter 3rd Edition. Prentice Hall, Inc. Needham, Massachusetts Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1990.

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