Physical Science Lab Chapter 15 PDF

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lab Chapter Excercise 15...

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Gravity PRE-LAB QUESTIONS 1. If you replace the Sun with a black hole of the same mass as the Sun, what will happen to the Solar System planets? a. They will be sucked into the black hole. b. Some planets will be sucked into the black hole, but not all of them. c. They will continue to orbit as normal. d. None of the above

2. If you go to the Moon, with its surface gravity of 1.6 m/s2, which of the following is true? a. Your weight will be smaller than on Earth. b. Your mass will be smaller than on Earth. c. Your weight will be larger than on Earth. d. Your mass will be larger than on Earth.

3. Which of the following experiences the strongest gravitational pull from the Earth? a. A plane flying at 30,000 feet. b. A satellite in a low-Earth orbit. c. A person standing at the top of the Burj Khalifa skyscraper. d. A seagull walking the beach in California.

4. If you climb mount Everest (at ~9 km above sea-level) one day and then go visit the bottom of the Mariana Trench (~11 km below sea-level), what will the ratio between your high-altitude and low-altitude weight be, assuming Earth’s radius is 6,400 km? a.

6409 6389

6400+9 =6409

b.

6389 6409

6400-11=6389

c.

( ) 6409 6389

2

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Gravity d.

( ) 6389 6409

2

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Gravity EXERCISE 1: NEWTON’S LAWS OF GRAVITATION Data Sheet Table 1. Water Observations Procedure

Observation

Releasing your finger from the hole The water ran out of the cup through the hole until in the bottom of the cup: there was no more water in the cup.

Releasing your finger and dropping The cup falls and land on its side, all the water the cup at the same time: comes out of the cup from the mouth of the cup.

Any additional observations:

When the water came out of the cup from the hole I made, it drained out slowly. When I dropped the cup the water splashed out forcefully and quickly.

Table 2. Measurements From the 30° Inclined Plane Ping Pong Ball Golf Ball Measurement Marble Rolling Rolling Time Rolling Time # Time (s) (s) (s)

Tennis Ball Rolling Time (s)

1

.91s

1.3s

.80s

.76s

2

.85s

1.2s

.78s

.75s

3

.88s

1.1s

.82s

.77s

4

.89s

1.0s

.81s

.77s

5

.90s

1.1s

.82s

.78s

Average:

.89s

1.1s

.81s

.77s

Standard Deviation:

+/-.02

+/-.10

+/-.01

+/-.01

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Gravity Table 3. Measurements from the 60° Inclined Plane Ping Pong Ball Golf Ball Measurement Marble Rolling Rolling Time Rolling Time # Time (s) (s) (s)

Tennis Ball Rolling Time (s)

1

.78s

.89s

.71s

.70s

2

.79s

.90s

.70s

.68s

3

.78s

.88s

.73s

.70s

4

.76s

.87s

.74s

.71s

5

.73s

.90s

.71s

.68s

Average:

.77s

.89s

.72s

.69s

Standard Deviation:

+/-.02

+/-.01

+/-.01

+/-.01

Table 4. Weight of the Balls Measurement #

Marble (g)

Ping Pong Ball (g)

1

4.2g

1g

46.2g

58g

2

4.2g

1g

46.2g

58.2g

3

4.1g

1g

46.3g

58.1g

Average:

4.2g

1g

46.2g

58.1g

Standard Deviation:

+/-.04

0

+/-.04

+/-.08

Golf Ball (g) Tennis Ball (g)

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Gravity Exercise 1 Post-Lab Questions 1. Compare and contrast your average rolling times for the balls between the 30° incline and the 60° incline. Marble: The marble at the 60° incline rolled faster and hit the bottom faster than at the 30° incline.

Ping Pong ball: The ping pong ball at the 60° incline hit the bottom faster than at the 30° incline.

Golf ball: The golf ball at the 60° incline hit the bottom faster than at the 30° incline.

Tennis ball: The tennis ball at the 60° incline hit the bottom faster than at the 30° incline but I think if it’s surface was hard like the other balls it could have gone faster at either incline.

5. Examine the relative sizes (diameters) of the balls and your measurements in Tables 2 and 3. Did your results demonstrate that larger objects fall faster than small objects? Explain why or why not. The larger objects did not fall faster than the smaller objects, for instance the marble is smaller than the ping pong ball and the marble rolled faster than the ping pong ball. I think the balls rolled faster depending on their weight and not size.

6. Fill out Table 5 with your results from Exercise 1. According to your results, is there any correlation between the weight of the ball and how fast it rolled down the incline? Explain your reasoning. Yes, there is correlation on the weight of the ball when it rolls down an incline. The heavier the object the faster it rolls down the incline. The gravity force is stronger on heavier objects because it uses more force on heavier objects than lighter objects.

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Gravity

Table 5. Exercise 1 Results Measurement

Marble

Ping Pong Ball

Golf Ball

Tennis Ball

Average Rolling Time (30°):

.89s

1.1s

.81s

.77

Average Rolling Time (60°):

.77s

.89s

.72s

.69s

Average Weight:

4.2g

1g

46.2g

58.1g

7. Were there any variables that were not accounted for in this exercise that could have impacted your results? If yes, describe them and how they could have impacted your results. No

8. What are some possible sources of error in this exercise? How would you alter the exercise to minimize these errors? Some possible errors are starting and stopping the stop clock exactly when the ball rolled and when it hit the finish line. If I had another person to roll the ball for me and if I had an actual stopwatch with a button instead of using my phone to start and stop the clock the times would be more accurate.

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