Physio Ex Exercise 4 Activities 1-4 Review Sheet PDF

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Physio Ex Experiment 4 Activities 1 up to 4 Review Sheets answers. Pre-lab quiz, experiment results, predict questions, stop and think questions, and post-lab quiz are not included....

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R E V I E W

S H E E T

NAME ____________________________________ EXERCISE LAB TIME/DATE _______________________

4

Endocrine System Physiology A C T I V I T Y

1

Metabolism and Thyroid Hormone

Part 1 normal rat had the fastest basal metabolic rate because it was not 1. Which rat had the fastest basal metabolic rate (BMR)?The _______________________________________________________ missing its pituitary gland or its thyroid gland. __________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Why did the metabolic rates differ between the normal rat and the surgically altered rats? How well did the results compare normal rat has the highest BMR because it has the glands required to stimulate and regulate the release of with your prediction? The _________________________________________________________________________________ thyroid hormones. __________________________________________________________________________________________________ the thyroidectomized rats the 3. If an animal has been thyroidectomized, what hormone(s) would be missing in its blood?For ___________________________ hormones missing will be triiodothyronine and thyroxine. __________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. If an animal has been hypophysectomized, what effect would you expect to see in the hormone levels in its body? ________ For the hypophysectomized rat, the TSH will be missing due to the missing pituitary gland. __________________________________________________________________________________________________

Part 2 levels were a little off. The normal rat was 5. What was the effect of thyroxine injections on the normal rat’s BMR?The __________________________________________ hyperthyroidic because the thyroxine increases the metabolic rate but it did not develop goiter. __________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. What was the effect of thyroxine injections on the thyroidectomized rat’s BMR? How does the BMR in this case compare BMR increased with the normal rat’s BMR? Was the dose of thyroxine in the syringe too large, too small, or just right?The _________________ for the thyroidectomized rat with thyroxine injections. The BMR was still a little bit below the normal rat’s BMR with thyroxine. The __________________________________________________________________________________________________ dose was too low. __________________________________________________________________________________________________

7. What was the effect of thyroxine injections on the hypophysectomized rat’s BMR? How does the BMR in this case compare BMR increased with the normal rat’s BMR? Was the dose of thyroxine in the syringe too large, too small, or just right?The –––––––––––––––– for the hypophysectomized rat with thyroxine injections. The BMR was still a little bit below the normal rat’s BMR with thyroxine. __________________________________________________________________________________________________ The dose was too low. __________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Part 3 effect of TSH was to 8. What was the effect of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) injections on the normal rat’s BMR?The ______________________ increase the normal rat’s BMR. __________________________________________________________________________________________________

9. What was the effect of TSH injections on the thyroidectomized rat’s BMR? How does the BMR in this case compare with was no effect on the thyroidectomized rat’s BMR with the injection the normal rat’s BMR? Why was this effect observed? There _______________________________________________________ of TSH because there was no thyroid gland to stimulate. __________________________________________________________________________________________________

10. What was the effect of TSH injections on the hypophysectomized rat’s BMR? How does the BMR in this case compare with hypophysectomized rat BMR the normal rat’s BMR? Was the dose of TSH in the syringe too large, too small, or just right?The __________________________ increased with TSH. The BMR was just below the normal rat but still lower. the syringe amount was a little too low. __________________________________________________________________________________________________

Part 4 11. What was the effect of propylthiouracil (PTU) injections on the normal rat’s BMR? Why did this rat develop a palpable goiter? The effect of PTU injections on the normal rat was to decrease the BMR. The palpable goiter was due to the buildup of the precursors __________________________________________________________________________________________________ to thyroxine. __________________________________________________________________________________________________

12. What was the effect of PTU injections on the thyroidectomized rat’s BMR? How does the BMR in this case compare with effect of PTU injections on the thyroidectomized rat was not visible the normal rat’s BMR? Why was this effect observed? The _______________________________________________________ because there was no thyroid gland to be affected. __________________________________________________________________________________________________

13. What was the effect of PTU injections on the hypophysectomized rat’s BMR? How does the BMR in this case compare with The effect of PTU injections on the hypophysectomized rat was not visible the normal rat’s BMR? Why was this effect observed? ________________________________________________________ because the rat is missing the pituitary gland. __________________________________________________________________________________________________ A C T I V I T Y

2

Plasma Glucose, Insulin, and Diabetes Mellitus

1. What is a glucose standard curve, and why did you need to obtain one for this experiment? Did you correctly predict how glucose standard you would measure the amount of plasma glucose in a patient sample using the glucose standard curve?The ________________ curve correlates the intensity of the color obtained and measured on a spectrophotometer (optical density) to the glucose concentration. __________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Which patient(s) had glucose reading(s) in the diabetic range? Can you say with certainty whether each of these patients has 3 and 5 had a fasting plasma glucose in the diabetic range. It is not possible type 1 or type 2 diabetes? Why or why not? Patients ________________________________________________________________ to tell if they have type 1 or type 2 just from their fasting plasma glucose. __________________________________________________________________________________________________ would be described as gestational 3. Describe the diagnosis for patient 3, who was also pregnant at the time of this assay. This _________________________________ diabetes. The diabetes often disappears after the pregnancy. __________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Review Sheet 4 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

1 and 2 were in the normal range. 4. Which patient(s) had normal glucose reading(s)?Patients ___________________________________________________________

5. What are some lifestyle choices these patients with normal plasma glucose readings might recommend to the borderline impaired the ingestion of simple sugars. Choose “good” carbohydrates such as whole wheat and fiber based carbohydrate patients? Limit ______________________________________________________________________________________________ choices. __________________________________________________________________________________________________ A C T I V I T Y

3

Hormone Replacement Therapy

1. Why were ovariectomized rats used in this experiment? How does the fact that the rats are ovariectomized explain their ovaries produce estrogen and estrogen stimulates bone growth. Without estrogen bone growth is impaired and baseline T scores? The ___________________________________________________________________________________ osteoporosis is a common result. __________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. What effect did the administration of saline injections have on the control rat? How well did the results compare with your saline had no effect. The inclusion of the saline as a negative control is to insure that saline has no effect. prediction? The _________________________________________________________________________________________

3. What effect did the administration of estrogen injections have on the estrogen-treated rat? How well did the results compare estrogen injections did increase the rat’s vertebral bone density as predicted and as indicated by the with your prediction? The _________________________________________________________________________________ negative T score. __________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. What effect did the administration of calcitonin injections have on the calcitonin-treated rat? How well did the results calcitonin showed no change in the vertebral bone density. This is somewhat contradictory to compare with your prediction? The _________________________________________________________________________ what is expected. We do not know why. __________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. What are some health risks that postmenopausal women must consider when contemplating estrogen hormone replacement risks of estrogen therapy include an increased incidence of uterine cancer, breast cancer and blood clots. therapy? Health ___________________________________________________________________________________________ A C T I V I T Y

4

Measuring Cortisol and Adrenocorticotropic Hormone

3 would be diagnosed with Cushing’s 1. Which patient would most likely be diagnosed with Cushing’s disease? Why? Patient ____________________________________ disease because the levels of cortisol and ACTH are both high. __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2 and 5 both have high levels of 2. Which two patients have hormone levels characteristic of Cushing’s syndrome?Patients ___________________________________ cortisol and low ACTH. These levels are characteristic of Cushing’s syndrome. __________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Patient 2 is being treated for rheumatoid arthritis with prednisone. How does this information change the diagnosis? ______ The diagnosis would change to iatrogenic or physician-induced Cushing’s syndrome. __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4 would be diagnosed with Addison’s 4. Which patient would most likely be diagnosed with Addison’s disease? Why? Patient _____________________________________ disease because the level of ACTH is high but the level of cortisol is low.

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Review Sheet 4 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

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