Physio Ex Exercise 6 Activity 5 PDF

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PhysioEx Lab ReportExercise 6: Cardiovascular Physiology Activity 5: Examining the Effects of Various Ions on Heart Rate Name: Kyleigh Hankton Date: 13 February 2021 Session ID: session-b7bf5818-37e8-30ee-c507-19a6b906fPre-lab Quiz ResultsYou scored 100% by answering 4 out of 4 questions correctly.E...

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2/13/2021

PhysioEx Exercise 6 Activity 5

PhysioEx Lab Report Exercise 6: Cardiovascular Physiology Activity 5: Examining the Effects of Various Ions on Heart Rate Name: Kyleigh Hankton Date: 13 February 2021 Session ID: session-b7bf5818-37e8-30ee-c507-19a6b906f745

Pre-lab Quiz Results You scored 100% by answering 4 out of 4 questions correctly. 1 Which organelle in the cardiac muscle cell stores calcium? You correctly answered: sarcoplasmic reticulum. 2 Verapamil is a calcium-channel blocker. Its effects could be described as You correctly answered: negative chronotropic and negative inotropic. 3 When the cardiac muscle cell is at rest, where is most of the potassium found? You correctly answered: in the cytosol. 4 Resting cardiac muscle cells are most permeable to You correctly answered: potassium.

Experiment Results Predict Questions 1 Predict Question 1: Because calcium-channel blockers are negative chronotropic and negative inotropic, what effect do you think increasing the concentration of calcium will have on heart rate? Your answer: positive chronotropic, positive inotropic. 2 Predict Question 2: Excess potassium outside of the cardiac cell decreases the resting potential of the plasma membrane, thus decreasing the force of contraction. What effect (if any) do you think it will initially have on heart rate? Your answer: decrease heart rate. Stop & Think Question 1 Where in the cardiac muscle cell is most of the sodium normally found? https://media.pearsoncmg.com/bc/bc_0media_ap/physioex/10/ex6/act5/

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PhysioEx Exercise 6 Activity 5

You correctly answered: outside of the cell. Experiment Data Solution

Heart Rate (beats/min)

----

60

Calcium

70

Sodium

~34

Potassium

~28

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PhysioEx Exercise 6 Activity 5

Post-lab Quiz Results You scored 100% by answering 4 out of 4 questions correctly. 1 The addition of most of the ions resulted in You correctly answered: an erratic, decreased heart rate. 2 The effect of potassium on the heart is You correctly answered: negative chronotropic, negative inotropic. 3 The ion that had the most pronounced effect on heart rate was You correctly answered: potassium. 4 Ectopic pacemakers can be caused by excessive leakage of potassium into cardiac cells, resulting in pacemakers appearing in abnormal locations in the heart muscle. This

hyperkalemia (excess potassium) decreases the resting potential of the cardiac muscle cell. What effect do you think this would have on the force of contraction? You correctly answered: decrease, negative inotropic.

Review Sheet Results 1 Describe the effect that increasing the calcium ions had on the heart in this activity. How well did the results compare with your prediction? Your answer: As predicted, due to the increased heart rate and contraction pressure, the blood goes faster. i https://media.pearsoncmg.com/bc/bc_0media_ap/physioex/10/ex6/act5/

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PhysioEx Exercise 6 Activity 5

2 Describe the effect that increasing the potassium ions initially had on the heart in this activity. Relate this to the resting membrane potential of the cardiac muscle cell. How well did the results compare with your prediction? Your answer: As predicted, high potassium ions decrease the resting potential and pressure of contraction. 3 Describe how calcium channel blockers are used to treat patients and why? Your answer: In all paths of action potential, they block the movement of calcium through the channels. Decreased calcium causes decreased heart rate and pressure of contraction.

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