Pipe fittings and Valves PDF

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Pipe Fittings and Valves for Marine Use Mohammud Hanif Dewan, Senior Engg. Lecturer, International Maritime Academy, Bangladesh Various Pipe Fittings Mohd. Hanif Dewan, Senior Lecturer, 4/12/2014 International Maritime Academy, 2 Bangladesh. Nipple: A Pipe Nipple is a short pipe (12 inches or less),...

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Pipe Fittings and Valves for Marine Use

Mohammud Hanif Dewan, Senior Engg. Lecturer, International Maritime Academy, Bangladesh

Various Pipe Fittings

4/12/2014

Mohd. Hanif Dewan, Senior Lecturer, International Maritime Academy, Bangladesh.

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Nipple: A Pipe Nipple is a short pipe (12 inches or less), with small opening which provides way for the liquids or gases to pass through the pipe. It has a male thread on each end and is used for extension from a fitting. Some of the popular usages of Pipe Nipple are :

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Used in fluid application to connect two FPT fittings. Used in plumbing system or for ceiling and wall supports and extensions. Used for ceiling or wall supports. Used to extend shower riser.

Fig: Hexagonal Nipple

We saw different types of nipples in our fluid mechanics lab. These are: 1. Barrel nipple 2. Hexagonal nipple Barrel Nipple: Applications: Male Pipe to Male Pipe connections Hexagonal Nipple: Applications: Male Pipe to Male Pipe connections 4/12/2014

Mohd. Hanif Dewan, Senior Lecturer, International Maritime Academy, Bangladesh.

Fig: Barrel Nipple

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Elbow: A pipe fitting installed between two lengths of pipe or tube allowing a change of direction, usually 90° or 45°. The ends may be machined for butt welding, threaded (usually female), or socketed, etc. When the two ends differ in size, it is called a reducing or reducer elbow. Most elbows are available in short radius or long radius of types. We saw different types of elbows in our fluid mechanics lab. These are: 1. 90 degree elbow

2. 45 degree elbow 3. Male female elbow 4. Equal elbow 4/12/2014

Mohd. Hanif Dewan, Senior Lecturer, International Maritime Academy, Bangladesh.

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(1) 90 degree elbow: 90 degree elbow, also called "90 bends or 90 ells", are manufactured as SR (Short Radius) elbows and LR (Long Radius) elbows. Applications: The main application area of an elbow (90 degree) is to connect hoses to valves, water pressure pumps, and deck drains. These elbows can be made from tough nylon material or NPT thread.

Fig: 90° Elbow

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Mohd. Hanif Dewan, Senior Lecturer, International Maritime Academy, Bangladesh.

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(2)

45 degree elbow:

45 degree elbow, also called "45 bends or 45 ells" are typically made as LR (Long Radius) elbows. Available in various sizes (in mm or inches), 45 degree pipe elbow is available with different male to female BSP thread connections.

Fig: 45° Elbow

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Mohd. Hanif Dewan, Senior Lecturer, International Maritime Academy, Bangladesh.

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Male female elbow and connectors:

Application of Male Female Connector and elbow

Male Female connectors and elbow are put to use in marine and other industries depending on their specifications and internal and external diameter. Fig: Male & Female Elbow

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Mohd. Hanif Dewan, Senior Lecturer, International Maritime Academy, Bangladesh.

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(4)

Equal elbow:

Equal elbows are quick-connect fittings that are extremely helpful in routing water lines that are laid in confined areas. They are known as 'elbow fittings' because they display an angular bent so that two pipes can be easily fixed in the same manner.

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Mohd. Hanif Dewan, Senior Lecturer, International Maritime Academy, Bangladesh.

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Union Cross: Union cross is essentially used for piping of tube to tube industrial fittings and connect fractional tubes. These metal fittings offer high mechanical connections for vacuum applications and positive pressure in tube to tube piping systems. Union cross are so designed, that they can be used with orbital weld equipment, these unique fittings have enhanced surface to prevent out gassing and prevent corrosion. These widely used tube fittings allow smooth flow paths and prevent any kind of turbulence or entrapments. These tubing connections eliminate costly, hazardous leaks in instrumentation and process tubing and are available in metric and inches specifications according to various applications. Mohd. Hanif Dewan, Senior Lecturer, 4/12/2014

International Maritime Academy, Bangladesh.

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Union and Socket: A union is similar to a coupling, except it is designed to allow quick and convenient disconnection of pipes for maintenance or fixture replacement. While a coupling would require either solvent welding or being able to rotate all the pipes adjacent as with a threaded coupling, a union provides a simple nut transition, allowing easy release at any time.

We saw different types of unions in our fluid mechanics lab. These are: 1. Male female union 2. Union joint An opening in any fitting that matches the outside diameter of a pipe or tube, with a further recessed through opening matching the inside diameter of the same pipe or tube. We saw different types of unions in our fluid mechanics lab. These are: 1. Half socket 2. Co-centric reducing socket 4/12/2014

Mohd. Hanif Dewan, Senior Lecturer, International Maritime Academy, Bangladesh.

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Fig: Male union

Fig: Half 4/12/2014

fig: Female Union

Fig: Concentric Reducing Socket

Mohd. Hanif Dewan, Senior Lecturer, International Maritime Academy, Bangladesh.

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Reducer: A reducer normally refers to a fitting that is used to reduce the diameter of the suction piping to fit the pump intake. It is thus used to join two pipes of different sizes. Reducer is available in both eccentric and concentric designs. Concentric or eccentric reducers are used to properly reduce into and out of circulating pumps. The various advantages include keeping big pipes and small pipes together as well as reducing noise and vibration at the same time. Applications: In Marine and some other industries where they find application are oil, gas, petrochemical, onshore and offshore sectors. They are used in both cargo loading, discharging and transfers operations and vapor recovery/return systems. Reducers for vapor recovery include a pin on one flange and vapor hole on the opposite flange. Concentric reducer save installation space and reduce costs. Piping systems must be anchored when using concentric reducer. 4/12/2014

Mohd. Hanif Dewan, Senior Lecturer, International Maritime Academy, Bangladesh.

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Mohd. Hanif Dewan, Senior Lecturer, International Maritime Academy, Bangladesh.

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Equal Tee: A tee is amongst the most common pipe fittings and is available with all female thread sockets, all solvent weld sockets, or with opposed solvent weld sockets and a side outlet with female threads. This is a Tshaped device which has three openings that act as an outlet for the pipe. Applications: A tee is used for connecting pipes of different diameters or for changing the direction of pipe runs.

Figure: Tee 4/12/2014

Mohd. Hanif Dewan, Senior Lecturer, International Maritime Academy, Bangladesh.

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Long and Short bend: Applications: Use for small and large pipe connections between pipes.

Fig: Long bend

4/12/2014

fig: Short bend

Mohd. Hanif Dewan, Senior Lecturer, International Maritime Academy, Bangladesh.

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GASKET A gasket is a mechanical seal that fills the space between two objects, generally to prevent leakage between the two objects while under compression. Gaskets save money by allowing "less- than-perfect" mating surfaces on machine parts which can use a gasket to fill irregularities. Gaskets are commonly produced by cutting from sheet materials, such as gasket paper, rubber, silicon, metal, cork, fiberglass or a plastic polymer. Gaskets for specific aplications may contain asbestos. It is usually desirable that the gasket be made from a material that is to some degree yielding such that it is able to deform and tightly fills the space it is designed for, including any slight irregularities. Many gaskets require an application of sealant directly to the gasket surface to function properly. 4/12/2014

Mohd. Hanif Dewan, Senior Lecturer, International Maritime Academy, Bangladesh.

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Various Types of Gaskets

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Mohd. Hanif Dewan, Senior Lecturer, International Maritime Academy, Bangladesh.

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Various Valves

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Mohd. Hanif Dewan, Senior Lecturer, International Maritime Academy, Bangladesh.

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Valve: a valve is a mechanical device that controls the flow of fluid and pressure within a system or process. a valve controls system or process fluid flow and pressure by performing any of the following functions: i. stopping and starting fluid flow ii. varying (throttling) the amount of fluid flow iii. controlling the direction of fluid flow iv. regulating downstream system or process pressure v. relieving component or piping over pressure

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Mohd. Hanif Dewan, Senior Lecturer, International Maritime Academy, Bangladesh.

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STOP ( ISOLATION ) VALVES:

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Mohd. Hanif Dewan, Senior Lecturer, International Maritime Academy, Bangladesh.

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REGULATING VALVES

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Mohd. Hanif Dewan, Senior Lecturer, International Maritime Academy, Bangladesh.

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BACK FLOW PREVENTION VALVES

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Mohd. Hanif Dewan, Senior Lecturer, International Maritime Academy, Bangladesh.

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PRESSURE RELIEF-VALVE

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Mohd. Hanif Dewan, Senior Lecturer, International Maritime Academy, Bangladesh.

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TYPES OF VALVES 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

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GATE VALVES GLOBE VALVES PLUG VALVES DIAPHRAGM VALVES BALL VALVES BUTTERFLY VALVES NEEDLE VALVES CHECK VALVES PRESSURE RELIEF VALVES CONTROL VALVES

Mohd. Hanif Dewan, Senior Lecturer, International Maritime Academy, Bangladesh.

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Gate Valves

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Mohd. Hanif Dewan, Senior Lecturer, International Maritime Academy, Bangladesh.

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Gate valve.

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Gate Valve A gate valve is a linear motion valve used to start or stop fluid flow; however, it does not regulate or throttle flow. The name gate is derived from the appearance of the disk in the flow stream. The disk of a gate valve is completely removed from the flow stream when the valve is fully open. This characteristic offers virtually no resistance to flow when the valve is open. Hence, there is little pressure drop across an open gate valve. When the valve is fully closed, a disk-to-seal ring contact surface exists for 360°, and good sealing is provided. With the proper mating of a disk to the seal ring, very little or no leakage occurs across the disk when the gate valve is closed.

On opening the gate valve, the flow path is enlarged in a highly nonlinear manner with respect to percent of opening. This means that flow rate does not change evenly with stem travel. 4/12/2014

Mohd. Hanif Dewan, Senior Lecturer, International Maritime Academy, Bangladesh.

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Also, a partially open gate disk tends to vibrate from the fluid flow. Most of the flow change occurs near shutoff with a relatively high fluid velocity causing disk and seat wear and eventual leakage if used to regulate flow. For these reasons, gate valves are not used to regulate or throttle flow. A gate valve can be used for a wide variety of fluids and provides a tight seal when closed. The major disadvantages to the use of a gate valve are: - It is not suitable for throttling applications. - It is prone to vibration in the partially open state. - It is more subject to seat and disk wear than a globe valve. - Repairs, such as lapping and grinding, are generally more difficult to accomplish.

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Mohd. Hanif Dewan, Senior Lecturer, International Maritime Academy, Bangladesh.

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Gate Valve ON – Off Valve ,Used in: 1-Water. 2- Oil. 3- Gas 4- Steam and 5- Other Fluid Services. 29

Wedge gate valve and parallel slide valve

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Gate valve

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TYPES OF GATE VALVES – RISING STEM GATE VALVE

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Mohd. Hanif Dewan, Senior Lecturer, International Maritime Academy, Bangladesh.

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TYPES OF GATE VALVES – NON RISING STEM GATE VALVE

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Mohd. Hanif Dewan, Senior Lecturer, International Maritime Academy, Bangladesh.

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Globe Valves

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Mohd. Hanif Dewan, Senior Lecturer, International Maritime Academy, Bangladesh.

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Globe Valve (High Pressure Value )

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Globe Valve

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Globe Valve

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GLOBE VALVE A globe valve, different from ball valve, is a type of valve used for regulating flow in a pipeline, consisting of a movable disk-type element and a stationary ring seat in a generally spherical body.

Globe valves are named for their spherical body shape with the two halves of the body being separated by an internal baffle. This has an opening that forms a seat onto which a movable plug can be screwed in to close (or shut) the valve. The plug is also called a disc or disk. In globe valves, the plug is connected to a stem which is operated by screw action using a handwheel in manual valves. Typically, automated globe valves use smooth stems rather than threaded and are opened and closed by an actuator assembly.

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Mohd. Hanif Dewan, Senior Lecturer, International Maritime Academy, Bangladesh.

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TYPES OF GLOBE VALVE – TEE PATTERN GLOBE VALVES

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Mohd. Hanif Dewan, Senior Lecturer, International Maritime Academy, Bangladesh.

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TYPES OF GLOBE VALVE – ANGLE PATTERN GLOBE VALVES

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Mohd. Hanif Dewan, Senior Lecturer, International Maritime Academy, Bangladesh.

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Plug Valves

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Mohd. Hanif Dewan, Senior Lecturer, International Maritime Academy, Bangladesh.

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PLUG VALVES

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Mohd. Hanif Dewan, Senior Lecturer, International Maritime Academy, Bangladesh.

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Plug valve (on-off) or Cock (low-pressure)

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Plug valve (on-off) or Cock

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Plug valve Applications     

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Gas and liquid fuel Water. Extreme temperature flow Boiler feed water. Low Pressure Steam . Corrosive Liquids and Gases

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Diaphargm Valves

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Mohd. Hanif Dewan, Senior Lecturer, International Maritime Academy, Bangladesh.

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DIAPHRAGM VALVES

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Mohd. Hanif Dewan, Senior Lecturer, International Maritime Academy, Bangladesh.

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Ball Valves

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Mohd. Hanif Dewan, Senior Lecturer, International Maritime Academy, Bangladesh.

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Ball Valve A ball valve is a rotational motion valve that uses a ball-shaped disk to stop or start fluid flow. The ball, shown in Figure 12, performs the same function as the disk in the globe valve. When the valve handle is turned to open the valve, the ball rotates to a point where the hole through the ball is in line with the valve body inlet and outlet. When the valve is shut, the ball is rotated so that the hole is perpendicular to the flow openings of the valve body and the flow is stopped. Most ball valve actuators are of the quick-acting type, which require a 90° turn of the valve handle to operate the valve. Other ball valve actuators are planetary gear-operated. This type of gearing allows the use of a relatively small handwheel and operating force to operate a fairly large valve. Some ball valves have been developed with a spherical surface coated plug that is off to one side in the open position and rotates into the flow passage until it blocks the flowpath completely. Seating is accomplished by the eccentric movement of the plug. The valve requires no lubrication and can be used for throttling service.

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Mohd. Hanif Dewan, Senior Lecturer, International Maritime Academy, Bangladesh.

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Advantages A ball valve is generally the least expensive of any valve configuration and has low maintenance costs. In addition to quick, quarter turn on-off operation, ball valves are compact, require no lubrication, and give tight sealing with low torque. Disadvantages Conventional ball valves have relatively poor throttling characteristics. In a throttling position, the partially exposed seat rapidly erodes because of the impingement of high velocity flow.

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Mohd. Hanif Dewan, Senior Lecturer, International Maritime Academy, Bangladesh.

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TYPES OF BALL VALVES – FLANGED END BALL VALVES

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Mohd. Hanif Dewan, Senior Lecturer, International Maritime Academy, Bangladesh.

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TYPES OF BALL VALVES – SCREWED END BALL VALVES

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Mohd. Hanif Dewan, Senior Lecturer, International Maritime Academy, Bangladesh.

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Check Valves

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Mohd. Hanif Dewan, Senior Lecturer, International Maritime Academy, Bangladesh.

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Check Valve Check valves are designed to prevent the reversal of flow in a piping system. These valves are activated by the flowing material in the pipeline. The pressure of the fluid passing through the system opens the valve, while any reversal of flow will close the valve. Closure is accomplished by the weight of the check mechanism, by back pressure, by a spring, or by a combination of these means.

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Mohd. Hanif Dewan, Senior Lecturer, International Maritime Academy, Bangladesh.

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TYPES OF CHECK VALVES – BALL CHECK VALVES

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Ball Valves

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Ball check valve (for heavy fluids) installed horizontal ,vertical & angle

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Check valve (Ball)

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TYPES OF CHECK VALVES – SWING CHECK VALVES

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Mohd. Hanif Dewan, Senior Lecturer, International Maritime Academy, Bangladesh.

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TYPES OF CHECK VALVES – LIFT CHECK VALVES

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Mohd. Hanif Dewan, Senior Lecturer, International Maritime Academy, Bangladesh.

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split disc check

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Split disc check valve operation

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lift check valve (Recommended for Vapor service)

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Swing check valve (liquids) installed horizontal & vertical

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Swing check valve Ops.

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Piston check valves

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check valves

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Butterfly Valves