Plexus - Lecture notes PDF

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A plexus (branching network) of intersecting nerves is known as a nerve plexus. The fusion of the anterior rami of spinal nerves and blood vessels forms a nerve plexus, which is made up of afferent and efferent fibers. Except in the thoracic region, there are five spinal nerve plexuses, as well as other types of autonomic plexuses, all of which are part of the enteric nervous system. Sensory and motor activities are shared by the nerves that emerge from the plexuses. Muscle contraction, body coordination and power, and the response to stimuli such as heat, cold, discomfort, and pressure are among these functions. The body has a number of plexuses. The upper four cervical nerves' ventral rami, as well as the upper portion of the fifth cervical ventral ramus, make up the Cervical plexus. The rami network is found deep inside the spine, close to the sternocleidomastoid. The cervical plexus is responsible for the innervation of neck muscles as well as skin on the head, neck, and chest. Muscles are supplied by the deep branches, while skin is supplied by the superficial branches. The diaphragm muscles are innervated by a long branch (C4; nervus phrenicus). The cervical plexus also connects to the vagus nerve and hypoglossal nerve, which are cranial nerves. The ventral rami of C5-C8-T1 spinal nerves, as well as the lower and upper halves of C4 and T2 spinal nerves, make up the Brachial plexus. The plexus reaches all the way to the armpit. The upper trunk of the brachial plexus is formed by the roots of C5 and C6, the middle trunk is formed by the ramus C7, and the lower trunk is formed by the rami C8 and T1. The trunks reorganize under the clavicle to form cords (fasciculi) around the axillary artery (arteria axillaris). The upper and middle trunks form the lateral cord (fasciculus lateralis), the three trunks merge to form the posterior cord (fasciculus posterior), and the lower trunk extends to the medial trunk (fasciculus medialis)....