Political Science #1 - Lecture notes 1 PDF

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Sat ur day ,May1,y

Pol i t i calSci ence Subject

-Al ls t at eshav er egi mesandal lr egi meshav egov er nment . -Gover nmenti st hemosteas i l ychangedbec aus ei tc hangesal lt het i me.I ti sr unby t hepeopl e. Ex ampl esofRegi meChange

-Sovi etUni ont oRussi a -Ar t i cl esofConf eder at i ont ot heUSCons t i t ut i on -I r aq -Fr ance Or i gi nsofPol i t i calOr gani z at i ons

-Wher edi dst at escomef r om? -Theydi dn' texi s tf ort hev astmaj or i t yofhumanhi s t or y . -Tr i bes -Ci t ySt at es -Empi r es Ear l yPol i t i c alOr gani z at i on

-Nomadi cgr oupsbecomesedent ar y agr i c ul t ur e. -Cr eat i onofs ur pl usandspeci al i z at i on -Cr eat i oni ni nequal i t y -Gr owt hi npopul at i on -Needt or es ol v edi l emmasoff r eedom andequal i t yt hathadnotexi s t edbef or e. 1

Sat ur day ,May1,y Emer geofPol i t i calOr gani z at i on

-Devel opmentofsoci et i esr equi r edpol i t i calor gani zat i on -Makeandenf or cer ul es -Mechani s mt osol v econfli ct -Setcol l ect i v egoal s -Fi ndi ngbal ancebet weenf r eedom andequal i t yl edt oquest i onsofwhoshoul dhav e powerandhowt heyshoul dwi el di t . Consens usorCoer ci on

-Whydi dpeopl ec r eat er ul er s ? -Consensusi sasoci alcont r actbet weent her ul erandt her ul ed( Hobbes) . -Coer ci oni st her i seoft hes t at eandi nst i t ut i onscr eat edi nequal i t yandhar medsoci al bal anc e( Rous seau) .

-Bot har epr obabl yt r ue,andt her ealquest i oni s ,whys t at es ? Pr eSt at eSoc i et i es

-Most l ySmal l -Tr i besar el ar gel yhomogenous,l i mi t edsoci alr anks( mor eequal )andl esscompl exi n or gani zat i on.

-Ci t y St at esar el ar gert hant r i bes( c i t yandnei ghbor i ngt owns ) ,mor esoc i alr anks ,i ndependentuni t st hatshar es omegeogr aphi calandcul t ur aluni t y .

-Aut hor i t yof t enbasedonr el at i onshi psbet weenpeopl e,nott er r i t or y . -Const antwarandv i ol ence( fight i ngf ori nfluenceandt er r i t or y ) . -Romewasfir s tt odev el opst at el i k ef eat ur esonal ar gescal e,meani ngr oads ,aqueduct s ,andt ax at i on. Col l apseofRomanEmpi r e:Dar kAges( 5001000CE)

-Eur opef r agment edi nt omanyr i v alt er r i t or i eswi t hnocent r alaut hor i t y . 2

Sat ur day ,May1,y

-Hypercompet i t i v eenvi r onment -Const antwar f ar e -Smal l“ st at es ”emer geaswar l or dscons ol i dat et er r i t or y . -Al s oshapedbygeogr aphymadei thar dert ouni f yEur ope,unl i k eChi na. TheModer nSt at e

-Themoder nst at e( asweknowi t )appear si nt he16t hcent ur y . -Thi r t yYear s ’ Warwasal ar gel yr el i gi ousst r uggl ebet weenCat hol i c i s m andPr ot est ant i sm.

-Tr eat yofWest phal i a-endswarandt r eat yst at esands ov er ei gnt y ! -Di mi ni s hedPope’ saut hor i t yi nst at es -Ki ngsr ecogni z eeachot her -Aut hor i t yboundbyt er r i t or y -Recogni z edst at eshav eul t i mat es ov er ei gnt yi nt hei rownaffai r s. -Thenat i onofsov er ei gnt ydat esbackt ot hi st r eat y .Tr eat yi ss eenasmaj orconnect or t ot hecur r entst at es y st em. WhySt at es ?

-St at escompet ewi t heac hot hert hr oughwarbecaus ewargener at esst at edev el opment .

-Encour agedeconomi cdev el opmentaswayt ogai nr ev enueandt ofi ghtr i v al s . -Encour agedt echnol ogi cali nnov at i onorappl i cat i onf ort hesamer eas onl i k egunpowderandcar t ogr aphy .

-Homogeni zat i onofpeopl ewi t hi nt er r i t or i esar ec ommonl anguages,c ust oms,and i dent i f yofanat i on. Eur opeanSt at esExpandOut war d

-Remover i v al si nEur ope( suchast heCat hol i cChur ch) 3

Sat ur day ,May1,y

-Begi nt ov oy ageout si deofEur opef ornewmar k et sandr es our ces -Cr eat i onofempi r eacr osst hegl obe -Evenaf t ert heendoft heempi r e,t hef or mercol oni est hemsel v esbecast at es. Compar i ngSt at ePower

-Howdowecompar eandev al uat est at es ? -For msofl egi t i mac y-s our ceofaut hor i t y -Rel at i v ec ent r al i z at i onofpower Legi t i mac y

-Of t endefi nedasav al uewher esomeoneorsomet hi ngi sr ecogni z edoraccept edas r i ghtand/ orpr oper .

-I npol i t i calsc i ence,r ecogni t i onbyt hepubl i coft heaut hor i t yoft hosei nc har ge. -Conf er saut hor i t yandpower -For msofl egi t i mac y :t r adi t i onal ,char i smat i c ,andr at i onal l egal Cent r al i z at i onandDecent r al i z at i on

-Howmuchpowerdoest hest at ehav eandwher edoest hatpowerr es i de ? -Feder al i s m/ uni t ar y -St r ong/ weak/ f ai l eds t at es -Feder al i s mi ss i gni fi cantpower sdev ol v edt ot hel ocal l ev elbyconst i t ut i on,noteasi l y t ak enaway .

-Exampl esofpower sar et ax es ,educat i on,andl ocal ,pol i ce,andmi l i t i apower . -Exampl esoff eder als t at esar et heUni t edSt at es ,Ger many ,Russi a,Canada,and Mex i co. Uni t ar ySt at es

-Powerr es i deswi t ht hecent r al gov er nment . 4

Sat ur day ,May1,y

-Theycandevel oppower st oal ocall ev el ,buti tal sot ak est hem i fi t ’ sc hosen. -Br i t ai n,Japan,Fr ance,andSweden St r ongv sWeakSt at es

-St r ongs t at esar eabl et oc ar r youtbasi ct as kst hatar eexpect edoft hem,l i k es ecur i t y , publ i cpol i c y ,basi cgoods,ands er v i c es .

-Weakst at esar el essabl et of ul fil l t as ksandmayf acer i v al sl i k eor gani z edcr i me, guer r i l l amov ement s ,andot hers t at es.

-Fai l edst at eshav el ostmostoft hei rabi l i t yt omonopol i z ef or ceandpr ov i deser v i ces. Char act er i s t i csofFai l edSt at es

-Accor di ngt oRot ber g,f ai l edst at esar e“ t ense,deepl yconfli ct ed,danger ous ,andbi t t er l ycont est edbywar r i ngf act i ons ”( page44) .

-Vi ol encei snotnecess ar i l yt hei nt ensi t y ,butt heendur anceofv i ol ence,i t ’ st hedi r ect i onofvi ol ence,anddemandsf oraut onomy .

-Can’ tcont r olbor der s -Ri s ei ncr i mi nal j ust i c e -Cor r uptgov er nmentt hatpr ey sonc i t i z ens -Nol ongerabl eorwi l l i ngt opr ov i degoodsandser vi c es . -Weakandflawedi nst i t ut i ons -Cor r upt i on -Decl i ni ngGr ossDomest i cPr oduct Ex ampl esofFai l edSt at es

-Theshor tv er si oni st hatf ai l eds t at eshav el ostcont r oloft hei rt er r i t or y ,er os i onofl egi t i mat eaut hor i t yt omak ec ol l ect i v edeci s i ons ,andi nabi l i t yorwi l l i ngnes st opr ovi de bas i cser v i c es .

-Af ghani s t an 5

Sat ur day ,May1,y

-Somal i a -Democr at i cRepubl i coft heCongo -Zi mbabwe -I r aq

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