Pp2 test 3 - Police powers PDF

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Police powers...

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o What is the name of the current provincial statute governing policing in Ontario? What preceded it? -

Comprehensive Ontario Police Services Act- COPSA (March 2019) AND BEFORE: Police Services Act (1990) replaced the Police Act of Ontario (1946)

o Explain the purpose of (From 1) Use of Force reports o when must (From 1) Use of Force reports be submitted? What law states this? Specific statute? Specific regulation? Specific section? o Purpose: -

To collect and maintain use of force information to detect trends and identify issues that can be addressed through training Annual study must be prepared Authority to collect and maintain information under COPSA(2019). Section 14.5(1) O/Reg0 926- Equipment and use of Force, COPSA Mandatory Reporting Handgun drawn in presence of public Officer point’s firearm at person Firearm discharged in public Issues weapon other than firearm on person Physical force used resulting in injury needing medical attention. Putting down animal S.10(b) NOT SUBMITED: firearm discharged in training, used for signaling in emergency

o Explain the concept of “Relative Positioning.” What positions are safer than others? Why is this so? - The stance and positioning that should be resumed in order to have a safe and secure distance and hold of the subject while handcuffing. * Green safest, Black intermediate, Red, worst position Interview stance safest before handcuffing (6-9ft) and Escort position(Level 2 1/2) at a 45degree angle is safest - Unsafe: Inside position (Level 0) Position safety is based on how much room subject has to charge at you and their momentum availability o Explain cover vs. concealment o What is Tactical Communication? o What are “Edged Weapons”? Provide 5 examples of edged weapons. Cover: anything that can be hidden behind- will stop ammunition Concealment: conceal identity or location (camouflage) will not stop rounds- not good to hind behind from rounds Tactical Communication: How to interact with public and build social relationships (Preplan, observe, assess, contact, engage, adapt, disengage) - Edged Weapons: (Pocket knife, Machetes, Knife, Sword, Spear, Dagger) any blade

o As per (From 1) Use of Force reports, what are: Minor Injury, Serious Injury, and Fatal Injury? What is the threshold for each of these? -

Minor: require medical attention Serious: Requiring hospitalization Fatal: Possibility and likelihood of death

o What is the narrative portion of the (From 1) Use of Force report used for? What is to be avoided? -

Utilized when no occurrence report is required Synopsis that explains facts of what occurred Avoid using names *goal is anatomy

o What’s the deal re: recommended additional training and the (From 1) Use of Force report? Additional training can be recommended for officer, not mandatory o Information recorded on a Use of Force Report may be used as evidence in misconduct hearings related to allegations of Assault. o The graphical illustration used by Ontario police services to help people understand an officer’s use of force is referred to as the Ontario Use of Force Continuum Model o As per the Use of Force Model (2004), upon arriving at a situation, a police officer should Assess, Plan, and Act o List and explain “The 4 Rules of Search”? Like The Man Says- The way to conduct a search - Legally, Thoroughly, Methodically, Safely o What authorizes a police officer’s use of force? Section 25(1) CC – Reg 926 Equipment and use of force ·

Defend themselves in lawful performance of duties, protect public, effect lawful arrest, and prevent continuation of offence Perform Safe Search: (LACT)- Look, Ask, Clear, Touch

o The use of force model dictates the exact/specific force options that officers follow in response to harmful situations. True/False? Explain. False: the model is to be used as a guide to understand officer behaviour based on various interactions and situations faced. Not all options are followed, the model is a reference to why an action may be utilized in a situation. *suggested understanding for police response / Every situation is different o Explain: Tactical Considerations & Perceptions

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Tactical Consideration: officer appearance, Uniform and equip, number of officers, available cover, terrain considerations, agency policies, availability of special units Perception: what the officer believes is happening. Influenced by personal beliefs. This impacts officer’s ability to respond

o Explain the role of Officer Presence and Communication -

Officer presence alone can change and affect behaviour of subjects. Figure of authority can control and deter negative behaviour * not a use of force option Communication: using “verbal judo” to gain cooperation and effect lawful purpose. Verbal and nonverbal communication. Used to resolve situation

o Explain the role of visible signs of authority on a subject’s behaviour (Marked police car, uniform, sirens). Signs of authority will deter negative behaviour. Subjects can be cooperative and attentive o Explain “The Police Challenge” : “Police Don’t Move” delivered when a handgun is drawn as a firearm in response to a threat of severe bodily harm or death. *Need for immediate response may prevent the challenge from being spoken. o Explain and provide two examples for each type of demonstrated subject behaviour that is referred to on the use of force model. ●

Cooperative behaviour- subject is complying with request (allowing arrest, responding to questions) Passive Resistant- subject is limp while being arrested, making arrest difficultwon’t get up, lack of cooperation) Active Resistant- person is moving but not intended to be assaultive behaviour (walking away from police, pulling away from control Assaultive- application of force by act or gesture without consent (punching, kicking) GBH or death- Grab at gun, Pulls knife or other edged weapon Explain and provide two examples for each type of force response that is referred to on the use of force model. -

Officer Presence- in cruiser or on foot

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Communication- asking people to disperse, telling people to step back

o Soft Physical Control- less likely to cause injury- handcuffing, pressure point control o

Hard Physical Control- empty hand strikes to stop behaviour- Punch, elbow strike

o Intermediate weapons- when subject demonstrates active resistance – assaultive behaviour, TASER, aerosol spray

o Lethal Force- Weapons or techniques intended to or likely to cause SBH or death. Last resort. (Firearm) o What does “O.C.” in “O.C.” Spray stand for? Oleoresin Capsicum ▪ What kind of batons are prohibited weapons in Canada? Does this include expandable/collapsible batons? S. 13, Kiyoga Baton or Steel Cobra Baton or any other similar device with a manual triggered telescoping spring loaded steel whip terminated in a heavy caliber striking tip. No, Collapsible batons are NOT prohibited weapons o List and explain the 3 fundamental rules of handcuffing a cooperative subject? - Back of hands together - Cinch cuffs - Double lock...