Prac2- WK4 -CLS and PPT PDF

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Videos – WK4- Medication administration Administering Oral medications Before you prepare an oral medication. Avoid interruptions. Arrange the medication and a cup. Prepare one patient at a time. Check 6 rights. All medications must be verified 3 times. WE ALL KNOW THE REST, cut when needed, crush when needed, opioids have more security around them. Highly acidic foods can be given with some snack. If needed, check some vitals before administering the medication to assess side effects or impact of the medicine on the patient. Document immediately after giving the medication.

Metered-dose inhaler Also known as MDI, is a small handheld device that delivers a measured dose of medication to the airways. With each puff, a propellant in the canister disperses the drug in the form of an aerosol spray or mist. Assess respirations and breath sounds before administering the medication. Shake the inhaler 5 or six times. There are two ways to position the inhaler: one is to place the inhaler in the mouth with the opening toward the back of the throat and the lips closed tightly around it. The other one is for the patient to hold the device 2 to 4 cm in front of the mouth, open wide and point the inhaler toward the back of the throat. Instruct the patient to tip the head back slightly and inhale slowly and deeply for 3 to 5 seconds. Ask to hold the inhalation for about 10 seconds. They have to wait 20-30 seconds between inhalations of same medication and 2 to 5 minutes between different medications. When 2 medications are being administered, the bronchodilator should be administered before the steroid medication. Assess respirations after administering the medication and compare with the ones before administration.

Administering a cleansing enema An enema is used when the patient has constipation or to prepare the bowel for certain procedures. Help the patient into a Sim’s position. Cover the patient with a bath blanket and uncover only the anal area. Gently separate the buttocks and locate the anus. Help the patient relax by coaching to breathe slowly in and out through the mouth. Insert the enema tip towards the umbilicus. Enema tip insertion depth:   

Adult and adolescent: 7.5 to 10 cm. Child: 5 to 7.5 cm Infant: 2.5 to 3.75 cm

Do not force the tip if you feel resistance (it should be lubricated). Instill the entirety of the solution into the patient’s colon. When you’re finished, press a few layers of toilet paper tissue around the rectal tube at the anus and gently withdraw the tube and tip. Instruct the patient to hold in the solution until they have the urge to defecate, which usually takes 2 to 5 minutes.

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To use an enema bag, fill it with faucet water, or saline water, or adding what the physician’s orders state. Fill the tubing until it is at the tip to avoid any air and then re-clamp the tubing. You may add a little more lubricant to the tip. When the tip is properly placed, allow the solution to enter by slowly releasing the clamp. Keep the enema container at the level of the patient’s hips to prevent the solution to flowing out of the bag too quickly. Gradually raise the container above the anus. Height of enema container:   

High enema: 30 – 45 cm Regular enema: 30 cm Low enema: 7.5 cm

If fluid is scaping from the rectal tube, lower the container or close the clamp. When all the solution has been instilled, clamp the tube. For either enema, explain that bloating and abdominal cramping is normal. Remind the patient not to flush the toilet so you can observe the characteristics of the feces.

PATCHES SHOULD NEVER BE APPLIED IN THE SAME AREA AS A PREVIOUS ONE FOR AT LEAST A WEEK, AVOID WAIST, UMBILICAL AND BREAST TISSUE. AVOID DENSE HAIR GROWTH. NEVER CUT PATCHES TO REDUCE DOSE. MAKE SURE THE PATCH IS FULLY TAPED INTO THE SKIN. NEVER USE HEATING PADS ON OR NEAD THE PATCH.

EYE MEDICATION, wash the leads with warm water and a clean washcloth. To instill the eye drops, ask the patient to look up, press down the lower eyelid and pull slightly down and instill the drop on the lower part of the eyeball. For eye ointment, ask the patient to look up, pull slightly the lower lid and apply the ointment on the eyeball close to the lower eyelid. Secure eye patches without pressing the eye. EAR MEDICATION, as the patient to lie on the unaffected side, with the ear to be treated facing up. For patients 3 years and up pull the pinna up and back, to straighten the ear canal. If the child is 3 years of younger, gently pull the pinna down and back. Ask the patient to remain on that position for a few minutes.

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PPT

Oral Medications Activity Define the following terms: TERM

DEFINITION

Aqueous solution

A solution containing water as the solvent.

Aqueous suspension

A suspension is a liquid with small pieces of drug. The drug is not complete dissolved in the solution. Whenever you take a suspension, you should always shake (or stir) it so that you receive the right amount of drug every time you take it. Otherwise, you may receive too little drug in the beginning, and too much drug in the end A special container made of gelatin, sized for a single dose of a drug. The enclosure prevents the patient from tasting the drug. A sweetened, aromatic, hydroalcoholic liquid used in the compounding of oral medicines. Elixirs constitute one of the most common types of medicinal preparation taken orally in liquid form.

Capsule

Elixir

Extract

Lozenge Pill Powder Syrup

Tablet/caplet

A solid or semisolid preparation made by removing the soluble portion of a compound by using water or alcohol as the solvent and evaporating the solution. A small, dry, medicinal solid to be held in the mouth until it dissolves. Medicine in the form of a small solid mass or pellet to be swallowed or chewed. It may be coated. An aggregation of fine particles of one or more substances that may be passed through fine meshes. A concentrated solution of sugar in water to which specific medicinal substances are usually added. Syrups usually do not represent a very high percentage of the active drug. Some syrups are used principally to give a pleasant odor and taste to solutions A small, disklike mass of medicinal powder.

Topical Medication Definition Activity 3

Define the following terms associated with topical medications:

Term Emollient

Liniment

Lotion

Definition An agent that moisturizes, softens, and soothes the surface to which it is applied, usually the skin. Emollients enhance or restore the barrier functions of the skin. A liquid vehicle (usually water, oil, or alcohol) containing a medication to be rubbed on or applied to the skin. It may be applied by the friction method or on a bandage. A liquid medicinal preparation for local application to, or bathing of, a part.

Ointment

A viscous, semisolid vehicle used to apply medicines to the skin. Ointments differ from creams or lotions in their superior ability to occlude the skin and improve the uptake of drugs. The base or vehicle of an ointment typically includes petrolatum, fats, oils, resins, or waterbased or water-soluble compounds.

Paste

In pharmacy, a mixture of an ointment and a powder, having a semisolid consistency.

Tincture

An alcoholic extract of vegetable or animal substances

Auricle

Also known as pinna, he mostly cartilaginous, projected part of the external ear. It directs sound waves into the external acoustic meatus toward the tympanic membrane.

Conjunctive sac

the space bound between the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva in to which the lacrimal fluid is secreted and opens interiorly between the eyelids. it ends at the superior and inferior conjunctival fornices.

Instillation

Slowly pouring or dropping a liquid into a cavity or onto a surface

Ocular

Concerning the eye or vision. 4

Otic

Concerning the ear.

Suppository

A semisolid substance for introduction into the rectum, vagina, or urethra, where it dissolves. It may be used to stimulate a bowel movement, but often serves as a vehicle for medicines to be absorbed. It is commonly shaped like a cylinder or cone and may be made of soap, glycerinated gelatin, or cocoa butter (oil of Theobroma).

Aerosol

A solution dispensed as a mist.

Areochamber

Consists of a plastic tube with a mouthpiece, a valve to control mist delivery and a soft sealed end to hold the MDI.

Inhalation

The introduction of dry or moist air or vapor into the lungs for therapeutic purposes, such as metered-dose bronchodilators in the treatment of asthma

Nebulizer

An apparatus for producing a fine spray or mist. This may be done by rapidly passing air through a liquid or by vibrating a liquid at a high frequency so that the particles produced are extremely small

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