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Practice Questions: Neuroscience 2014 Motivation Q1 How do low leptin levels influence feeding behaviour? (i)

What are the neurohormones involved? Orexigenic neurohormones include NPY and AgRP. The cortical influence is dictated by orexin and MSH

(ii)

Where do they arise? Arcuate nucleus (hypothalamus)

(iii)

What brain regions are subsequently involved? Projections from the arcuate nucleus include activation of the lateral hypothalamus and inhibition of the paraventricular nucleus (hypothalamus,), these receive input via NPY and AgRP. Cortical regions are influenced by the neurohormones: orexin and MCH (released from the lateral hypothalamus).

(iv)

What are the physiological implications? Inhibition of the production of ACTH and TSH, results in reduced body metabolism. Increase parasympathetic tone. Feeding behaviour is increased

Q2 How does high leptin levels influence feeding behaviour? (i)

What are the neurohormones involved? Anorexic neurohormones include MSH and CART peptides.

(ii)

Where do they arise? Arcuate nucleus (hypothalamus)

(iii)

What brain regions are subsequently involved? Projections from the arcuate nucleus include inhibition of the lateral hypothalamus and activation of the paraventricular nucleus (hypothalamus,)

(iv)

What are the physiological implications? Activates the production/release of ACTH and TSH (anterior pituitary gland) resulting in increased body metabolism. Increase sympathetic tone. Feeding behaviour is decreased. Insulin is released from the pancreas allowing the uptake of glucose by most somatic cells. Cholecystokinin is released from the intestines and enteric nervous system that inhibits meal frequency and size.

INTERNAL USE

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Central Visual Systems Q1. Discuss the magnocellular pathway in visual perception?

Q1. Discuss the parvocellular pathway in visual perception?

INTERNAL USE

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