Practical research 1 module 4 PRACTICAL RESEARCH PDF

Preview

Summary

Download Practical research 1 module 4 PRACTICAL RESEARCH PDF

Description

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 Quarter 1- Module 4: Learning from Others and Reviewing the Literature

1

What I Know? Choose the best answer from the choices given. 1. Examining or studying again concepts or ideas related to your research is a. Meta-analysis b. Significance c. Review of Related Literature d. Methodology 2. This referencing style is mostly used in social sciences a. APA b. MLA c. MPA d. Brownian 3. It is in this part where you display the identities or names of all writers or owners of ideas that you incorporated in your research paper. a. definition of terms b. references c. in-text citation d. contents 4. The Review of Related Literature is rightfully done by ‘’copy and paste’’ activity. a. Highly accepted in all researches c. Optional to some researches b. Not accepted in all researches d. Depends on the researchers’ decision 5. Chapter 2 is the part of the research paper that contains the… a. Background of the Study b. Significance of the Study c. Scope and Limitation d. Review of Related Literature 6. To read the literature critically means: a. to suggest the previous research was always poorly conducted b. skimming through the material because most of it is just covering c. evaluating what you read in terms of your own research questions d. being negative about something before you read it. 7. It entails taking a phrase - either spoken or written - and restating it. a. In-text citation b. paraphrasing c. referencing d. synonym 8. Plagiarism is an act of a. stealing and passing off intellectual properties as one's own b. using someone else’s work without crediting the source c. presenting as original and novel an idea or invention copied from an existing source d. all of the above 9. Which choice reveals what should not be included in the bibliography? a. Age of the author b. Author’s name c.Titles of the article d. The dates of the article 10. Which of the following does not provide credibility and value to your study? a. Falsifying documents b. Integrity b. Confidentiality agreement d. Privacy and disclosure contract.

Lesson 1

Literature Review

Literature is an oral or written record of man’s significant experiences that are expressed in an ordinary manner. It is conveyed directly or indirectly. Direct expressions is in books, journals, periodic papers, and online reading materials. Indirect expressions are not written or spoken at all but is mirror image of his environment (Ridley 2012). The Review of Related Literature is one of the main components of a research study, specifically in the second chapter. It gives an overview of all the writings relative to a specific topic (Prieto, Naval & Carey, 2017). Therefore, selecting the right sources for the literature review is very important in producing a quality research paper. 2

What’s In? In the previous lessons, you learned the importance of understanding the value of qualitative research: its kinds, characteristics, uses, strengths, weaknesses, specificity, and the feasibility of the study. A good introductory page is a baseline statement of what and how a paper should go fluidly. However, a review of related literature will strengthen your claims of a systematic, purposeful, and well-defined research paper. In this part, you will be exploring the process or reviewing related literatures.

What is New? Activity 1.1

Picture Analysis Directions: Examine the image below. What does it tell you?

Write your answers in a separate sheet of paper.

What Is It? A review of related literature is the process of collecting, selecting, and reading books, journals, reports, abstracts, and other reference materials. The following information may be collected: 1. Background knowledge about the problem and associated ideas. 2. Theories that give details of the presence of the problem and certain variables that is connected to the problem. 3. Data that prove the occurrence and gravity of the problem 4. Detailed and broad results of related studies 5. Gaps and recommendations for additional study specified in related studies The significance and rationale of related literature and studies is to find out the similarities and differences between the past and present studies, to get ideas into the critical and controversial aspects of the problem. It helps recognize and define a research problem. It gives the researcher a background analysis aspect, which have been studied. It guides the researcher on what to do on the mechanism of the research methods; this also provides the thoughts to advance with the study until its conclusion. It avoids redundant duplication of a study. Moreover, reading 3

extensively will enrich your background knowledge on your research topic that will enable you to establish a good groundwork or course of your research endeavor.

AWhat’s

More?

a sheet of paper a topic you are most interested to explore. Enumerate at least three ways on how you will look for the information and data needed about the chosen topic. Share important information that you would like to probe on the chosen subject. For example, the topic is gender inequality among TVL (Technical Vocational Technology) learners. What are you interested most? Is it the difference in quantity of work? Is it the difference in quality of work? Alternatively, is it the type of PPE (Personal Protective equipment)?

Follow the example and fill in your answers in the blank provided. Introduction: What is the topic of my literature review? Example: Gender Inequality among TVL Learners Answer: Topic Sentence: Example: The number of learners, quality of work, quantity of work, and types of PPE. My sources (works to be read, analyzed and cited) Example: Bagale, S. (2016). Gender Equality and Social Inclusion in Technical and Vocation Education and Training. Journal of Training and Development, 2(Ii), 25–32. https://doi.org/10.3126/jtd.v2i0.15435 Answer: 1.

4

2.

3.

Body: What are the main points/arguments of my sources? How are these points supported? Example: Source 1: Bagale found out that more women are included in the traditional technical vocational programs, whereas there is poor participation in non-traditional areas. Source 2: Mustapha pointed out that there is gender imbalance in the technical vocational field.

Source 2:

Source 3:

5

Body: Similarities in (comparing) two or more of the articles: Example: Bagale and Mustapha agreed that there are still gender inequalities in the technical vocational field and that women are still concentrated in certain types of area. Answer:

Body: Differences in (contrasting) in two or more of the articles: Example: Bagale and Mustapha disagree on the factors that contributes and are affected by the gender inequality issues on technical vocational majors. Answer:

Conclusion: Summarizing Example: This literature review was conducted to analyze opposing perspectives on gender inequality among technical vocational learners.

Why is the topic of this literature review important and/or what should be the next step of this study? Example: Further research is needed to examine recent statistics on gender inequality among TVL learners in the senior high schools of this division as compared to others in this region.

What I Have Learned?

6

Using the baseline information, discuss the process of a literature review and its need and purpose by supplying the synonym of the word/s enclosed in parenthesis needed to make the statement true and correct. 1. A literature (go over) is a summary of studies related to a particular area of research. 2. When investigating a research topic, review only those that are directly (connected) to your specific point of study. 3. (Keep away from) the temptation to copy paste everything you find in the literature you have read. 4. Relate findings to previous (information) and suggest areas for further research. 5. Included in literature review are (space) and (advice) for additional study specified in related studies. 6. Theories give details of the presence of the problem and certain (factors) that is connected to the problem. 7. A literature is a/an (spoken) or written record of man’s significant experiences. 8. Some sources of direct (expressions) is in books, journals, 9.

periodic papers, and online reading materials. The significance of reviewing related studies is to find out the (analogous) and (variation) _ between the past and present studies. 10. A literature review (recognize) the work of previous researchers.

What I Can Do?

e materials that has published theses and ns. Examine the Review of Related Literature section of these materials and based on what you have learned about RRL, comment on how these appear in the manuscript. Produce a written copy of your observations about the RRL section in the manuscript and share this with your teacher and classmates.

Lesson 2

Criteria in Selecting, Citing, and Synthesizing Related Literature

There are a lot of ways to bring in the flow of literature review that will help learners develop their research. Frequently asked questions on how to proceed in the conduct of literature review includes: how to look for sources, how many sources should be cited, how to discuss ideas taken from the studies cited, how to cite authors, and further. The aim of this lesson is to present a step-by-step guide in undertaking a review of literature to facilitate your understanding.

7

What’s In? In the previous lesson, you learned the definition, importance and purpose of literature review. An effective literature review selects the right and specific write ups that give close information to an identified topic, scrutinize and synthesize content about key themes or issues, cites properly authors of information gathered, identify similarities and differences between chosen literatures and a lot more. Selecting, citing and synthesizing related literature needs a thorough development of skills in searching, reading, paraphrasing, writing, and even creating your own page of article after reviewing a whole bunch of related sources.

What’s New? Activity 2.1 Text Development Direction: Look back into one period of your life when you were so eager to know something. What did you do to satisfy your desire to know about such thing? In the space provided, write a brief memoir on your knowledge seeking. A Memoir on My Thirst For Knowledge

8

What Is It? Here are questions to guide you in this endeavor of selecting, citing, and synthesizing related literature. What is your prior knowledge about your research topic? What do you have to critically say about your prior knowledge on the topic? What do you want to know more about your topic? Did anyone do a similar research as yours? What does your research have that other researches do not? Who are these authors who have works which has more or less same ideas as yours? Exposed to a wide source of facts and conditioned by a limited timeframe during the conduct of study, it is necessary that you have a guided approach in reading or reviewing various literature works that are related to your research topic. Here are some points to consider in an effective literature review: Step 1: Search for the Literature There are many sources of information available such as the Internet, books, peer-reviewed articles in journals, publications, unpublished works like theses and dissertations (detailed and comprehensive accounts of a research work submitted for a higher degree at a university), conference proceedings (brief summaries of research work presented at conferences),books, leaflets, posters, blogs, and other library materials offline and online. Some websites might give valuable information such as Wikipedia, Facebook, Twitter, and the likes but they are not as dependable as other sources of knowledge since it can be edited and considered not a scholarly article (Baraceros, 2016). Therefore, there is a need to carefully evaluate online sources as to accuracy and veracity of information. Furthermore, the following are key points in searching literature: 1. In gathering sources, have focus, a clearly indicated scope and purpose of the review. 2. Isolate and centre your research on key themes or issues related to your own research interests. 3. Choose articles which are closely related to your research interest. 4. Choose studies conducted by experts and authorities in that same field of knowledge with your study. 5. Peer-reviewed materials are much preferable than general sources of ideas. Step 2: Reading and Citing Source of Material In reviewing related literature, you come up with ideas borrowed from someone else; therefore, it is but polite, honesty, and courtesy to learn to acknowledge other people’s intellectual rights and to avoid plagiarism. The following are three terms to express recognition of author’s ownership of borrowed ideas (Sharp, 2012). 1. Acknowledgment. It identifies individuals who have contributed to the making of the manuscript, written at the start of the paper. 2. References or Bibliography. A whole list of literary materials including all books, journal, theses, and dissertations along with other sources mentioned above. References are arranged alphabetically in some papers or in order of sequence as it comes out in the paper. This holds the summary of the information of all of your sources. Information needed in making the referencing list involves the following: a. Author’s name b. Date of the publication of the source. c. Page number where you found the information. d. Publisher e. Place of Publishing f. Volume 9

g. Edition h. Other relevant information –date of access Example of References Baptista, P. Benefits to Teaching Hydroponics in the Classroom. August 15, 2014. http://blog.zipgrow.com/teaching-hydroponics-in-the-classroom/ Benton,J.J.2004.Hydroponics. A practical guide for the soiless grower.2nd Edition,CRC press pp.35-150. Brechner, M. Floating Hydroponics: A Guide to Student Experiments Growing Plants without Soil. Cornell University. http://csip.cornell.edu. Divina, J. C. 2015. Lettuce Production Guide.Department of Agriculture. Bureau of Plant Industry-National Crop Research and Development Center. Retrievedfromhttp://bpi.da.gov.ph/bpi/images/Production_guide/pdf/Lettuce.pdf. Accessed 12/7/2018 3. Citation, or In-text-citation. Referring author within the main body of the text. Citations can be done by paraphrasing, summarizing, or through quotations. It can be written in the beginning of a text, between the text, or at the last part of the paragraph. Examples are shown: Sanchez (2015) found out building food systems that are more sustainable, resilient and responsive … A study by Chojnacka (2012) revealed that extracts derived from algae contain such components as polysaccharides This planting system is a sustainable alternative that reduces dependence on water and fertilizer and requires less space (Alshrouf, 2017), making it ideal in urban places.

Productivity is declining as the country is facing a burgeoning population of more than a hundred million, where majority of Filipinos are suffering from malnutrition (Briones, et al, 2017). There are three basic methods of referencing the author referred in your paper. These are the APA (American Psychological Association), MLA (Modern Language Association), and the Chicago Manual Style. In this module, we will be focusing on the two most commonly used styles of referencing. Moreover, between the two, APA is the most frequently used within the social sciences in citing various sources. The following table shows examples of MLA and APA styles of referencing: Features in writing Author’s name Title of the reading material

10

APA System Carreon, J.B. Phenombased learning: the new approach

MLA System Carreon, Janice B. Phenombased Learning: The New Approach; or Phenombased Learning: The New Approach

Copyright date

Carreon, J.B. 2019. Phenombased learning: the new approach. EduTech Journal. Wordstar Press Inc. Manila, Philippines

Carreon, Janice B. Phenombased Learning: The New Approach. EduTech Journal. Wordstar Press.2016. Manila, Philippines

What have you noticed in the styles of writing the above entries? _ Step 3: Creating or synthesizing your review of related literature Developing your review of related literature by gathering ideas from other researches can be done by some patterns or techniques like paraphrasing, quoting, and summarizing it. In doing so, you may either change the arrangement of ideas, structures of language by using synonyms, changing format of words by comparisoncontrast, chronological order, passive-active sentences, inductive-deductive order, or by fusing opinions with the author’s ideas. In quoting, a part of an author’s words are repeated in writing but the page number of copied text should be written, ideas must be essential and quoted judiciously, meaning with full understanding. Summarizing is a shortened version of the original text expressed in your own language, picking only the most important details of the text. Paraphrasing on the other hand permits you to explain the idea in your own words.

AWhat’s More? D are essential in writing references. The h each table are examples of correct format of referencing. Fill in the table with the data provided in the headings as guide. Arrange the entries in proper order, use appropriate format using APA writing style (i.e. underline or italicize if necessary). Print Sources Book (one author) Example: Simban, J.H. (2012). Essentials of Hydroponics Farming. Cebu City, Philippines: Digital Books.

Author’s Last First Initial Middle Name Initial

(Publication Date)

Book Title Place of Publication:

Publisher

Book (two to more than three authors) – print source Example of two authors: Roble, M. J., & Johnson, L. (2010). India (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Marshall. Example of three authors: Carreon, A., Marcos, M., & Genobaten, D. (2009). Work Under Pressure. Chicago, IL: Wilcon Press. Example of more than six authors: Benson, B., Aller, C., Camelot, D., David, E., Ebiola, F., Flores, G., Harison, I. (1994). The World Beneath. Los Angeles, USA: Paramoud Era Press. 11

Author1’s Last Name

First Initial

Author5’s Last Name Initial

First Initial

Middle Initial

Author2’s Last Name

Middle Initial

First Initial

Author6’s Last Name

First Initial

Middle Initial

Middle Initial

Author3’s Last Name

First Initial

(Publication Date)

Middle Initial

Book Title

Author4’s Last Name

Place of Publication:

First Initial

Middle Initial

Publisher

Scholarly Journal Article - Internet Example Scholarly Journal: Godlowska, 2016. Plant growth biostimulants based on different methods of seaweed extraction with water . Hindawi Publishing Corporation BioMed Research International Volume 2016, Article ID 5973760, 11 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5973760 Author Last Name

First Initial

Middle Initial

(Publication date)

Article Title

Magazine/Scholarly Journal Title

DOI or Article URL

Encyclopedia Article - Internet Example: Chulz, H. K. (2015). Phytoremediation. Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved from https://www.britannica.com/science/phytoremediation Author Last Name

First Initial

(Publication date) if given

Article Title

Encyclopedia Title

URL

Activity 2.3 A paraphrase restates another’s idea (or your own previously published idea) in your own words. Paraphrasing allows...