Practical Research 1 Quarter-4 : Week 1 and 2 module-1 : Qualitative Research Design PDF

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SHSPractical Research IQuarter 4: Week 1 & 2-Module 1Qualitative Research DesignPractical Research IGrade 11 Quarter 4: Week 1 & 2 - Module 1: Qualitative Research DesignFirst Edition, 2021Copyright © 2021La Union Schools DivisionRegion IAll rights reserved. No part of this module may be rep...

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Practical Research I Quarter 4: Week 1 & 2Module 1 Qualitative Research Design

Practical Research I Grade 11 Quarter 4: Week 1 & 2 - Module 1: Qualitative Research Design First Edition, 2021

Copyright © 2021 La Union Schools Division Region I

All rights reserved. No part of this module may be reproduced in any form without written permission from the copyright owners.

Development Team of the Module

Author: Wilhelm Francis C. Saldo, MT I Editor: SDO La Union, Learning Resource Quality Assurance Team Illustrator: Ernesto F. Ramos Jr., P II

Management Team: Atty. Donato D. Balderas, Jr. Schools Division Superintendent Vivian Luz S. Pagatpatan, Ph.D Assistant Schools Division Superintendent German E. Flora, Ph.D, CID Chief Virgilio C. Boado, Ph.D, EPS in Charge of LRMS Rominel S. Sobremonte, Ed.D, EPS in Charge of Science Michael Jason D. Morales, PDO II Claire P. Toluyen, Librarian II

Lesson

1

Choosing Appropriate Qualitative Research Design

Target The word ‘design’ has various meanings. But, in relation to the subject concern, it is a pattern or an outline of research project’s workings. It is the statement of essential elements of a study that provides basic guidelines of conducting the project. It is same as the blue print of architect’s work. The research design is similar to broad plan or model that states how the entire research project would be conducted. It is desirable that it must be in written form and must be simple and clearly stated. The real project is carried out as per the research design laid down in advance. This lesson will help you design on what research design is appropriate and should be used for your research paper. Furthermore, you are expected to: a. Choose appropriate qualitative research design CS_RS11Va-c1

Jump Start

For you to understand the lesson well, do the following activities.

Activity 1. Draw me! Instruction: Using any kind of drawing material, design a blueprint of the house you would like to build in the near future. Make sure to place labels and measurements and answer the questions that follow. My Dream House

1. What do you think is the importance of a blueprint in building a house? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 2. What could possibly happen to house constructed without blueprints? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________

Discover You have learned in the previous module that qualitative research involves collecting and analyzing non-numerical data to understand concepts, opinions, or experiences. You were also able to grasp the difference between quantitative and qualitative research and even determined possible research titles in the different fields of specialization. This time, you will learn on the different designs used in qualitative research studies. But before that, let us first define what research design is: Research design is the framework of research methods and techniques chosen by a researcher. The design allows researchers to hone in on research methods that are suitable for the subject matter and set up their studies up for success.

If you already have an idea as to what design is applicable in your research, you have to finalize in mind the following: 1. 2. 3. 4.

What What What What

is the purpose of your research based on the research design? are the philosophical bases of your study? type of data is applicable in your research? is the method to be used in analyzing your data?

What are the types of Qualitative Research Designs? a. Ethnography This is a qualitive method often used in the social sciences particularly in anthropology and in sociology. It is often employed in gathering data on human society to describe culture like origin, values and roles in a particular group. Data collection in this type of design is done through observation, interview and questionnaires. b. Phenomenology Phenomenology is a 20th century philosophical movement dedicated to describing the structure of experience as they present themselves to consciousness, without resource to theory and assumptions from other disciplines. It focuses on the lived experience for several individuals. Its purpose is to rigorously understand the phenomenon by systematic examination and describe the essence of lived experience. c. Grounded Theory Grounded theory is an inductive technique developed for health-related topics by Glaser and Strauss. It emerged from the discipline of sociology. The term grounded means that the theory developed from the research has its roots from the data where it was derived. \

d. Historical Research This refers to the systematic collection and objective evaluation of data related to past occurrence in order to test the hypothesis concerning causes, effects that help to explain present events and anticipate future events. Its purpose is to make people aware of what has happened in the past to learn of pasts failures and successes; to learn how things were done in the past to see if such are applicable for the present; to understand education practices and policies and to test hypothesis concerning relationships or trends. e. Case Study This research design is a useful tool for investigating trends and scientific situations in many scientific disciplines especially social sciences, psychology, anthropology, and ecology. This method of study is useful for trying to test theoretical models by using them in real world situations. It is an exploration of a bounded system or a case over time through detailed data collection involving multiple sources of information within a context. Data collection strategies involve observations, interviews, documents, archival records and participant observation.

Explore

Activity 1. Let’s Determine! Instruction: Determine the appropriate research design based on the following research topics. Write your answers in the blank provided before each number. _______________1. Cultural practices of the Ilocanos of La Union. _______________2. Success story of an entrepreneur _______________3. The way of life of the Mangyans, their folkways and mores _______________4. Fears and anxieties of teenagers _______________5. Agriculture of the pre-historic period Activity 2. Answer me! Instruction: Carefully read and answer the following questions below. You may write your answers on a separate sheet. 1. What research topic/study would you like to work on? ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________

2. Why do you like to work on that topic? ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 3. What do you think is the appropriate research design to be used in your study? ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________

Deepen Instruction: Answer the following questions based on your understanding in this lesson. Make your answers brief yet substantial. 1. What is a research design? ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 2. What is the importance of a research design in a research paper? ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 3. What do you think is the impact of an inappropriate research design in a study? ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________

Lesson

Sampling Procedure and Sample

2 Target

In the previous lesson, you were able to learn on the different research designs that could be used in conducting a qualitative research study. This time, you will have a wider view of how samples are determined in this type of research. Bear in mind that in qualitative research, a sample is a smaller set of cases a researcher selects from a large group and generalizes the population. Furthermore, experts say that a sample appropriate to the research questions and theoretical aims are needed to fully analyze the topic and answer the questions in the study. Hence, at the end of this lesson, you are expected to: a. Describe sampling procedure and sample CS_RS11Va-c2

Jump Start

For you to understand the lesson well, do the following activity. Have fun learning and good luck!

Activity 1. Let’s Measure! Direction: Make a list of the different sampling procedures you know and determine whether it is under probability or non-probability sampling technique. Sampling Procedure

1 2 3 4 5

Probability Sampling/ Non-Probability Sampling

Discover

To understand further this lesson, the first thing to do is to be well versed of the difference between Population and Sample: Population, Sample and Sampling The population refers to the totality of objects, elements, person and characteristics under a given condition. In other words, population refers to the entire group that you want to draw conclusions about. On the other hand, sample is the specific group that you will collect data from which also refers as the subset in a population. Sampling in contrary is the process of technique of choosing a sample from a population to participate in the study. https://www.scribbr.com Qualitative Sampling In qualitative research, the goal of sampling is to get a representative sample size from a population to study and create accurate generalizations based on the data that will be gathered. The researcher should remember that there are no fast and hard rules in determining the sample size. The characteristics and objectives of the study will determine how many individuals should be selected. You continue to sample until you are not getting new information or are no longer getting new insights also known as the concept of saturation. However, there are also other guidelines recommended in determining the number of respondents: Proponent Research Design Suggested Respondent Morse (1994) Ethnography 30-50 participants Morse (1994) Grounded Theory 30-50 interviews Creswell (1998) Phenomenological 5-25 participants These recommendations can help a researcher estimate how many participants they will need, but ultimately, the required number of participants should depend when saturation is reached. Sampling is done to collect cases, events, or actions that will clarify and deepen understanding. There is a need to think carefully as to what sampling procedure should be used by the researcher to come up with a sound study. The following are Non-probability Sampling procedures that are commonly used in qualitative research:

A. Convenience Sampling Convenience sampling is defined as a method adopted by researchers where data is collected from a conveniently available pool of respondents. It is the most commonly used sampling technique as it’s incredibly prompt, uncomplicated, and economical. In many cases, members are readily approachable to be a part of the sample. B. Quota Sampling Quota sampling is defined as a non-probability sampling method in which researchers create a sample involving individuals that represent a population. Researchers choose these individuals according to specific traits or qualities. These samples can be generalized to the entire population. The final subset will be decided only according to the interviewer’s or researcher’s knowledge of the population. C. Snowball Sampling Snowball sampling or chain-referral sampling is defined as a nonprobability sampling technique in which the samples have traits that are rare to find. This is a sampling technique, in which existing subjects provide referrals to recruit samples required for a research study.

Explore Activity 1. Complete me! Direction: Complete the table below by supplying the needed information in each item. Make your answers brief but substantial. Answer in a separate sheet. Sampling Procedure

1.

2.

3.

Brief Discussion

Activity 2. What is best? Direction: Evaluate the following research topics and determine the best sampling procedure to be used. Add a brief explanation. 1. Lived experiences of front liners who responded during the Co Vid 19 pandemic. Sampling Procedure: ___________________________________________________________ Explanation: ___________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 2. The effect of too much exposure in online games to senior high school students. Sampling Procedure: ___________________________________________________________ Explanation: ___________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Wedding practices of the Ilocanos Sampling Procedure: ___________________________________________________________ Explanation: ___________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

Deepen Instruction: Answer the following questions based on your understanding in this lesson. Make your answers brief yet substantial. 1. What is the difference between population and sample? ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 2. What makes quota sampling different from snowball sampling? ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 3. What do you think is the main reason why researchers prefer to use purposive sampling in the conduct of their research? ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

Gauge

Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answers in a separate sheet. 1. Which of the following is considered as the framework of a research paper? A. Sample B. Research Design C. Population D. Methodology 2. What type of research design is oftentimes used in sociology and anthropology? A. Ethnography B. Case Study C. Phenomenology D. Historical Research 3. What research design should be used if you want to study the experiences of people? A. Ethnography B. Case Study C. Phenomenology D. Historical Research 4. Which of the following refers to the systematic collection and objective evaluation of data related to past occurrence in order to test the hypothesis concerning? A. Ethnography B. Phenomenology C. Case Study D. Historical Research 5. Which of the following research designs refers to an inductive technique developed for health-related topics that emerged to the discipline of sociology? A. Grounded Theory B. Phenomenology C. Case Study D. Historical Research 6. What research design should be used if you want to learn from the past to see if their practices before are applicable to the present? A. Grounded Theory B. Phenomenology C. Case Study D. Historical Research 7. If a researcher would like to study the way of life of the Ilocanos, their folkways and mores, what research design would he most likely to use? A. Ethnography B. Phenomenology C. Case Study D. Historical Research

8. What research design requires the researcher’s personal participation as part of the research study? A. Ethnography B. Phenomenology C. Case Study D. Historical Research 9. Which statement describes the sample in a population? A. The specific group that you will collect data from which also refers as the subset in a population. B. The totality of objects, elements, person and characteristics under a given condition C. The process of technique of choosing a sample from a population to participate in the study D. None of these 10. Which of the following correctly defines a population? A. The specific group that you will collect data from which also refers as the subset in a population. B. The totality of objects, elements, person and characteristics under a given condition C. The process of technique of choosing a sample from a population to participate in the study D. None of these 11. Which of these correctly defines sampling in qualitative research? A. The specific group that you will collect data from which also refers as the subset in a population. B. The totality of objects, elements, person and characteristics under a given condition C. The process of technique of choosing a sample from a population to participate in the study D. None of these 12. What most likely should a researcher do if he/she already reached saturation of data and no longer getting new information? A. Have more respondents to have more data B. Look for more respondents in other places to compare the gathered data C. Stop having additional respondents for he had already gathered the required data from the research D. None of these 13. In a research study, a participant/informant refers the researcher to a known respondent. What type of sampling procedure is employed? A. Quota Sampling B. Purposive Sampling C. Snowball Sampling D. Convenient Sampling 14. If a researcher takes respondents that are of his ease, what type of sampling technique is done? A. Quota Sampling B. Snowball Sampling C. Purposive Sampling D. Convenient Sampling

15. Which type of sampling procedure is being described in the statement below? “A non-probability sampling method in which researchers create a sample involving individuals that represent a population.” A. Quota Sampling B. Snowball Sampling C. Purposive Sampling D. Convenient Sampling

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Jumpstart: Answer may vary

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Explore: Activity 1 Answer may vary Activity 2 Answer may vary

Explore: Activity 1 Answer may vary Activity 2 Answer may vary

Deepen: Answer may vary

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