Practice Midterm 2-with answers PDF

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BIOL 1010 – Biology 1: Molecular and Cellular Systems

TERM TEST # 2 QUESTION BOOKLET Instructors: Mary Olaveson / Annette Tavares

VERSION

Complete the following information:

A

Name: ANSWER KEY Student #:

INDICATE VERSION ON YOUR SCANTRON

_________________________

Important Information

– Please Read Before You Begin Your Test

 DO NOT REMOVE STAPLES FROM TEST QUESTION BOOKLET  RETURN TEST QUESTION BOOKLET with SCANTRON at end of the TEST

Before you begin the Test: 1. Record your Name and Student # on the Scantron by clearly printing your

name and student number in the space provided. 2. In Upper Right Corner of the Scantron, indicate the TEST VERSION –

there are several versions of the Test so this is needed for marking. 3. Make sure you have your UOIT Student Card available. Fill out your Name and Student Number on the Seat Assignment Form and Sign the Form. 4. Print your Name and Student Number in the space provided on the Front Page of this Test Question Booklet . 5.. Check that you have

You will have

11

pages of multiple choice questions (50 questions)

60 minutes

to write this Test (worth 50 marks).

All questions MUST BE ANSWERED on the Scantron provided by blocking out your chosen answers using a PENCIL within time available. Calculators or Other Aids are not permitted for this Test. NO content questions will be answered during Test by the Instructor or Invigilators!

BIOL 1010 – Biology 1: Molecular and Cellular Systems

TERM TEST # 2 QUESTION BOOKLET Multiple Choice Questions

(50 questions)

 Answer all 50 questions.  Read all questions carefully.  Choose the one best answer for each of the following questions.  Mark answer in Question Booklet (as insurance in case of damaged scantron ONLY!)

 Mark the appropriate letter on your Scantron IN PENCIL.  Only answers recorded on the Scantron will be marked! 1. How is the ATP made during glycolysis generated? A. B. C. D. E.

By substrate-level phosphorylation By electron transport By photophosphorylation By chemiosmosis By the reduction of NAD+ to NADH + H+

2. How many reduced dinucleotides would be produced with four turns of the citric acid cycle? +

A.

1 FAD and 4 NAD

B.

4 FAD and 12 NAD

C. D.

2 FADH2 and 8 NADH + H+ 4 FADH2 and 12 NADH + H+

E.

1 FADH2 and 4 NADH + H+

+

3. As a research scientist, you measure the amount of ATP and NADPH + H+ consumed by the Calvin Cycle in 1 hour. You find 30,000 molecules of ATP consumed, but only 20,000 molecules of NADPH. Where did the extra ATP molecules come from? A. B. C. D. E.

photosystem I non-cyclic electron flow chlorophyll cyclic electron flow photosystem II 1

4. The reduction of pyruvate to lactate during lactic acid fermentation allows glycolysis to continue in the absence of oxygen. Why? A. B. C. D. E.

+

+

This reaction is coupled to the reduction of NAD to NADH + H . Water is formed during this reaction. This reaction is coupled to the formation of ATP. CO2 is released during this reaction. + + This reaction is coupled to the oxidation of NADH + H to NAD .

5. Which of the following statements regarding the pathway of photorespiration is correct? A. B. C. D. E.

It begins in the chloroplast, moves to the peroxisome and ends in the mitochondria. It occurs in plants with numerous bundle sheath cells containing Rubisco. It occurs when CO2 levels are high and O2 levels are low. It occurs in mesophyll cells containing PEP-carboxylase and phosphoenolpyruvate. It begins in the mitochondria, moves to the peroxisome and ends in the chloroplast.

6. When hydrogen ions are pumped from the stroma into the thylakoid lumen, what is the result? A. B. C. D. E.

the the the the the

reduction of NADP+ to NADPH + H+ formation of an electrochemical gradient restoration of the Na+-K+ balance across the membrane synthesis of ATP using ATP synthetase splitting of water with the release oxygen

7. In the first reaction of glycolysis, glucose receives a phosphate group from ATP. What type of reaction is involved in this reaction? A. B. C. D. E.

respiration exergonic a redox reaction endergonic fermentation

8. Where is chlorophyll located in the chloroplast? A. B. C. D. E.

in the thylakoid membranes in the stroma in the intermembrane space in the matrix in the thylakoid lumen

2

9. Which of the following is true for all exergonic reactions? A. B. C. D. E.

The products have more total energy than the reactants. The reaction proceeds with a net release of free energy. A net input of energy from the surroundings is required for the reactions to proceed. The reactions are non-spontaneous. Some reactants will be converted to products.

10. Which of the following statements about NAD+ is false? A. B. C. D. E.

NAD+ is recycled by the reactions of fermentation. NAD+ is reduced to NADH + H+ during both glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. In the absence of NAD+, glycolysis cannot function. NAD+ can receive electrons for use in oxidative phosphorylation. NAD+ has more chemical energy than NADH + H+.

11. Which of the following reactions is responsible for the production of water as a by-product of cellular respiration? A. B. C. D. E.

the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA the degradation of glucose to pyruvate the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and Pi the oxidation of glucose to carbon dioxide the reduction of oxygen in electron transport

12. What is the source of the oxygen produced during photosynthesis? A. B. C. D. E.

ambient air CO2 chlorophyll oxidation H 2O carbohydrate

13. What is the result of the co-operation between the two photosystems, PS I and PS II? A. B. C. D. E.

the reduction of NADP+ + H+ the synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi photophosphorylation the oxidation of P700 chlorophyll the reduction of water

3

14. What process results in the release of the most CO2 molecules per glucose molecule? A. B. C. D. E.

alcoholic fermentation citric acid cycle glycolysis lactate fermentation pyruvate oxidation

15. Which of the following statements describes NAD+? A. B. C. D. E.

NAD+ has more chemical energy than NADH+H+. NAD+ is reduced to NADH+H+ during both glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. NAD+ is reduced by the action of hydrogenases. NAD+ can donate electrons for use in substrate-level phosphorylation. In the absence of NAD+, glycolysis can still function.

16. Which of the following metabolic processes can occur without a net influx of energy from some other process? A.

ADP + Pi → ATP + H2O

B.

C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O

C.

6 CO2 + 6 H2O → C6H12O6 + 6 O2

D. E.

amino acids → protein glucose + fructose → sucrose

17. When is most of the CO2 from catabolism released? A. B. C. D. E.

glycolysis. lactate fermentation. the citric acid cycle. electron transport. oxidative phosphorylation.

18. What is the immediate energy source that drives ATP synthesis by ATP synthase during oxidative phosphorylation? A. B. C.

the oxidation of glucose and other organic compounds. the flow of electrons down the electron transport chain. the affinity of oxygen for electrons.

D. E.

the H concentration gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. the transfer of phosphate to ADP.

+

4

19. What is the reducing agent (or electron donor) in the following reaction? +

Pyruvate + NADH + H → Lactate + NAD A. B.

oxygen NADH+H+

C. D. E.

NAD lactate pyruvate

+

+

20. Reactants capable of interacting to form products in a chemical reaction must first overcome a thermodynamic barrier known as the reaction's A. B. C. D. E.

entropy. heat content. activation energy. endothermic level. free-energy content.

21. What does the chemiosmotic process in mitochondria involve? A. B. C.

establishment of a proton gradient reduction of water to produce ATP energy diffusion of electrons through the thylakoid membrane

D.

oxidation of glucose, releasing carbon dioxide, NADH+H and FADH2

E.

movement of water by osmosis into the intermembrane space from the matrix

+

22. Choose the pair of terms that correctly completes this sentence: Catabolism is to anabolism as __________ is to __________. A. B. C. D. E.

exergonic; spontaneous exergonic; endergonic free energy; entropy work; energy entropy; enthalpy

23. Which metabolic pathway is common to both fermentation and cellular respiration of a glucose molecule? A. B. C. D. E.

the citric acid cycle the electron transport chain glycolysis synthesis of acetyl CoA from pyruvate reduction of pyruvate to lactate 5

24. When a glucose molecule loses a hydrogen atom as the result of an oxidation-reduction reaction, the molecule becomes A. B. C. D. E.

dehydrogenated. hydrogenated. reduced. oxidized. an oxidizing agent.

25. Where does glycolysis takes place? A. B. C. D. E.

mitochondrial matrix mitochondrial outer membrane mitochondrial inner membrane mitochondrial intermembrane space cytosol

26. Which of the following does not occur during the Calvin cycle? A. B. C. D.

carbon fixation oxidation of NADPH release of oxygen regeneration of the CO2 acceptor

E.

consumption of ATP

27. Which of the events listed below occur in the light reactions of photosynthesis? A.

NADP is produced.

B. C. D. E.

NADPH is reduced to NADP+. carbon dioxide is incorporated into 3PG. ATP is phosphorylated to yield ADP. light is absorbed and funneled to reaction-center chlorophyll a.

28. Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration? A. B. C. D. E.

Respiration is anabolic and photosynthesis is catabolic. ATP molecules are produced in photosynthesis and used up in respiration. Photosynthesis occurs only in plants and respiration occurs only in animals. Respiration is the exact reversal of the biochemical pathways of photosynthesis. Photosynthesis stores energy in complex organic molecules while respiration releases it.

6

29. To respond to a signal, a cell must have a(n) _______ molecule that can detect the signal. A. B. C. D. E.

paracrine receptor autocrine responder all of the above

30. What are the signals that bind to receptors of the same cell that made them called? A. B. C. D. E.

paracrine signals parasitic signals autocrine signals hormones responders

31. What is the first component of a signal transduction pathway? A. B. C. D. E.

paracrine molecule responder receptor hormone effector molecule

32. In order, from start to finish, what are the basic steps of a signal transduction pathway? A. B. C. D. E.

signal, responder, receptor, effects receptor, signal, responder, effects signal, receptor, responder, effects signal, receiver, responder, effects none of the above

33. Which of the following statements is true? A. B. C. D. E.

G proteins contain only one important binding site. When a G protein binds to an activated receptor protein, ADP is exchanged for ATP. G protein receptors are single proteins that have seven distinct regions that pass through the phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane. G proteins can only activate effector proteins; they cannot inhibit them. None of the above

7

34. Which of the following proteins powers both the movement of cilia and vesicles within a cell? A. B. C. D. E.

Myosin Actin Keratin Dynein Kinesin

35. Which of the following are specialized cell junctions that allow neighboring cells to communicate directly? A. B. C. D. E.

Tight junctions Gap junctions Desmosomes Ion channels G proteins

36. What are microfilaments? A. B. C. D. E.

They are composed of polysaccharides. They are composed of actin. They allow cilia and flagella to move. They make up the spindle that aids the movement of chromosomes. They maintain the position of the chloroplast in the cell.

37. A bacterial cell gives rise to two genetically identical daughter cells. What is this process called? A. B. C. D. E.

nondisjunction mitosis meiosis fission fertilization

38. Which of the following phases of the cell cycle is not part of interphase? A. B. C. D. E.

M S G1 G2 G0

8

39. How does a nucleus in G2 differ from a nucleus in G1? A. B. C. D. E.

The G2 nucleus has double the amount of DNA as the G1 nucleus. DNA synthesis occurs only in the G1 phase. Inactive cells are arrested only in the G2 phase. During G2, the cell prepares for S phase. All of the above

40. What does a cell cycle consists of? A. B. C. D. E.

mitosis and meiosis G1, the S phase, and G2 prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase interphase and mitosis meiosis and fertilization

41. What are the molecules that make up a chromosome? A. B. C. D. E.

DNA; RNA DNA; proteins proteins; lipids nucleotides; nucleosides proteins; phospholipids

42. Karyokinesis is the process of nuclear division, while the division of the cytoplasm is a process known as A. B. C. D. E.

karyokinesis cleavage splitting cytokinesis binary fission

43. What is true about both plasmodesmata and gap junctions? A. B. C. D. E.

They both allow small molecules and ions to pass rapidly between cells. They are both membrane-lined channels. They are channels about 1 mm in diameter. They are present only once per cell. They are involved in cell recognition in signaling.

9

44. What is a difference between a cell that responds to a signal and one that does not? A. B. C. D. E.

The presence of a DNA sequence that binds to the signal The presence of a nearby blood vessel The presence of a receptor The presence of a second messenger The presence of a transduction pathway

45. What kind of enzyme adds phosphate groups to enzymes for the purpose of activating or deactivating them? A. B. C. D. E.

phosphatases protein kinases flippases glycosyltransferases carboxypeptidase

46. What is the direct source of energy that powers molecular motors? A. B. C. D. E.

condensation of ATP hydrolysis of GTP hydrolysis of ATP proton gradient H+ gradient

47. What term refers to the fact that growing and shrinking microtubles can coexist in the same cell region? A. B. C. D. E.

dynamic tension dynamic instability dynamic stability dynamism transferability

48. What could be defined as an organized network of extracellular materials found beyond the immediate vicinity of the plasma membrane? A. B. C. D. E.

intracellular matrix extracellular matrix extracellular material epicellular matrix intercellular membrane 10

49. Which of the following is a correct association? A. B. C. D. E.

kinase activity and the addition of a tyrosine phosphodiesterase activity and the removal of phosphate groups GTPase activity and hydrolysis of GTP to GDP phosphorylase activity and the catabolism of glucose adenylyl cyclase activity and the conversion of cAMP to AMP

50. What is a chromatid? A. B. C. D. E.

a replicated chromosome a chromosome in G1 of the cell cycle a chromosome found outside the nucleus a special region that holds two centromeres together another name for the chromosomes found in genetics

BEFORE YOU HAND IN YOUR TEST - be sure you have: 1. printed your Name and UOIT Student Number and ‘signed in’ using the Seat Assignment Form given to you as your entered the Test Room; make sure this form is picked up by an Invigilator before you leave 2. printed your Name and Student Number on the front of the Term Test Question Booklet 3. printed your Name and Student Number on the front of the your Scantron 4. indicated the VERSION Letter of your Term Test on the front of the Scantron; this is important since there are several versions of the Test in your class and the Version Letter is the only indication of which answer key should be used when marking your Scantron 5. indicated your final answer in the Term Test Question Booklet (as insurance only!!); your Test Booklet will not be marked unless there is irreparable damage done to your Scantron during processing 6. transferred your answers to all 50 questions to the ‘bubbles’ on the Scantron IN PENCIL - answers in pen or marker cannot be marked - check that you have not missed any questions

ONLY ANSWERS TRANSFERRED to the Scantron WILL BE MARKED!! Hand in both the Term Test Question Booklet and Scantron Sheet - failure to do so will result in your Test not being marked –

Collect all of your belongings before leaving the Test Room. 11...