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Pr e Tr i a lHe a r i n g s : Apr e t r i alhe ar i ngi sas e s s i onwi t ht h ej ud g et h a toc c u r sb e f o r et r i a l .The r ei sa n yn umb e r o fr e a s on sf orapr e t r i alhe a r i ng .Thepr e t r i alhe a r i ngi sa na c c u s e dp e r s o n ' sl a s tc ou r t a pp e a r a n c ef o rac r i mi na lc h a r g ebe f o r et h ec a s eg oe st ot r i a l .

Po s s i b l eAr g u me n t si naPr e Tr i a lHe a r i n g : Di r e c t i o nsa n dr u l i n g sc a nbema deo np r e t r i a ll e g a la r g ume nt s( s5 90 AACC) .Th i sma y i nc l ud ea pp l i c a t i on s :  Ford i s c l o s u r e .  Forf u r t he ra ndb e t t e rp a r t i c u l a r s .  Fors e v e r a nc e / s e p a r a t et r i a l s .  Toe x c l u dee v i d e n c e .  Ford i r e c t i o nsofe x pe d i t i ono fp r o c e e di n g s  I nr e s p e c tofaf a i rt r i a l-i nc l ud i n ga pp l i c a t i on sf ors t a y s / t r a n s f e r / a d j ou r nme nt s / f or j ud g ea l o net r i a l .  ForaBa s h ai nq ui r y The s epr e t r i a ld e c i s i on sma yb et h es ub j e c tofa pp e a l( PV[ 2 00 4 ] )

Basha Inquiry: (Voir Dire) 

Wh e nt hea c c u s e dc a nc r os s e xa mi nene wwi t ne s s e si ft he ywou l do t h e r wi s eb e p r e j ud i c e d( RvBas ha( 19 89 ) o Cr o s sExa mi ne :Th eq ue s t i oni n gofawi t ne s sorpa r t ydu r i n gat r i a l , he a r i n g , o rd e p os i t i o nb yt h epa r t yo pp os i n gt h eon ewh oa s k e dt h ep e r s o nt ot e s t i f yi n o r d e rt oe v a l ua t et h et r ut hoft h a tp e r s o n ' st e s t i mo n y ,t ode v e l opt het e s t i mon y f u r t he r ,o rt oa c c omp l i s ha n yo t he ro b j e c t i v e .

Theac c u s e dmu s tde mo ns t r a t e‘ as e r i ousr i s kofa nunf ai rt r i ali ft hea c c u s e di sn o tgi v e n t heop po r t un i t yt odowha to t h e r wi s ewou l dh a v ebe e ndo neatt h ec ommi t t alpr oc e e di n g s , t hatt hepr oc e d ur ei sno tus e di na p pr o pr i at e l yi no r d e rt ot r yo utr i s k yq ue s t i on swh i c hma y o t he r wi s ep r o v et ob ee mba r r as s i n gi nt h epr e s e nc eo ft hej u r y ,a ndpr o v i d e dt ha ts uc ha n e xa mi nat i oni sno tp e r mi t t e dt oi nt e r r up tt het r i ali t s e l fs i g ni fic ant l y ’( RvSa ndf or d( 1 99 4) )

Particulars: ‘ pa r t i c u l a r sh av eanu mb e roff un c t i on s :t h e yf u r ni s has t a t e me ntoft h ec a s es u ffic i e n t l yc l e a r t oa l l owt heo t h e rp ar t yaf a i rop po r t un i t yt ome e ti t …t h e yd e fi net hei s s u e sf orde c i s i o ni n t hel i t i g a t i ona ndt he r e b ye na bl et her e l e v an c ean da dmi s s i b i l i t yofe v i de nc et ob ed e t e r mi ne d a tt h et r i al …’-Dar evPul ha m( 1 9 82 )  

Bo t ht hepr o s e c u t i o n, de f e n c ea ndc ou r ta l lh a v ean e e df orpar t i c ul ar s-( J ohns onv Mi l l e r( 1 93 7 ) ) Thep r os e c ut i o nmu s tde l i v e r yt ot h ede f e n c ef ur t he ra ndb e t t e rp a r t i c ul a r sa tt he c ou r t sdi s c r e t i o nwh e r et h ec u r r e ntpr o vi d e dp a r t i c ul a r sa r eno ts u ffic i e nt-s 53 7c c

o The r ea r enoa b s o l ut er ul e sf ors u ffic i e n c y ,e a c hd e c i d e do ni t sme r i t s-RvS [ 20 01 ] 

The r ea r es e v e r a lp r o b l e mst ha ta r i s ei ft he r ei sal a c ko fpa r t i c ul a r i t yi nt h ee vi d e n c e ( Pe rDo ws e t tJi nRvRo g e r s ) : o Emb a r r a s s me n tt ot h ea c c u s e di nh a vi n gt ode f e nd…a ni n de t e r mi na t e[ n o . ]o f a l l e g e doffe nc e so c c ur r i n gonun s p e c i fie dd a t e s ; o Lo s sofo pp or t un i t yf ort hea c c u s e dt or a i s es p e c i fica n de ffe c t i v ede f e n c e s … b e c a us et h ea bs e nc eo fs p e c i fic i t yma yd e p r i v eh i mofhi sc a pa c i t yt okn o w h o wh ema ya ns we rs uc hc h a r g e s ; o Di ffic ul t yi nde t e r mi ni n gt h ea d mi s s i b i l i t yo f. . . [ c e r t a i n]e v i d e nc e ; o Di ffic ul t yi ne ns ur i n gt ha ta n yv e r d i c ti su na n i mo usa st oi t sf a c t u a lba s i s ; … o Di ffic ul t ywi t hs u bs e q ue ntpl e a so fa ut r e f o i sa c q u i to ra ut r e f o i sc on v i c t , a l t ho u ghs o meme mbe r soft hec o ur tc on s i de r e dt ha ts 17oft heCo dewo u l d o b v i a t et h i sp r o b l e m;. . . o Di ffic ul t yi ni de nt i f y i n gt hea pp r op r i a t eo ffe n c ef o rp un i s hme nti nt hee v e ntof c on v i c t i o n; o Un f a i r n e s si nh e r e nti nr e q u i r i n gt hea c c u s e dt od e f e n dh i ms e l fi nr e s pe c to fa n y o c c a s i o ni nwh i c ha noffe n c ema yha v eb e e nc o mmi t t e d …”

Di ffe r e n tWa yPa r t i c ul a r sa r ede a l twi t hi nCou r t( Us eCo t t e rvWA) : RvLe wi s[ 19 94 ] : ‘ Pa r t i c u l a r swhe no r de r e da ndde l i v e r e dwi l lha v eaf or c ea n ds i gn i fic a n c eb yv i r t ueoft he v e r yf a c tt ha to urc r i mi na lp r o c e d ur ep r o vi de sf o rt h e m… Ob vi o us l y ,pa r t i c ul a r smus tber e a d wi t ht hei nd i c t me nti nde fini n gt het e r mso ft h ec h a r g ea n dt h ec a s ewh i c ht heCr o wnha st o p r o v e . ’ Co l e ma nvKi nba c he r&Ano r( Ql dPol i c e )[ 2 00 3] : ' i ft hef a c t sp r o v e db yt hep r o s e c ut i o ne s t a bl i s hbe y on dr e a s o na bl ed ou bta l lt h ee l e me nt so f a no ffe nc et h e nac o n v i c t i onmu s tf o l l o we v e nt h ou g ht heCr o wnma yha v ef u r ni s he d p ar t i c ul ar sno ta l lofwh i c hwe r ema deou t . ’ Co t t e rvWA[ 20 11 ] : ‘ I ti ss o me t i me ss u g g e s t e dt ha tt h epr o s e c u t i oni sc o nfine db yt hep a r t i c u l a r st ha ti spr o vi de s … Ho we v e r , t h os es t a t e me nt sn e e dt ob eun de r s t oo da sbe i n ga ne x pr e s s i o noft h eun de r l yi n g r e q u i r e me ntt h a tac r i mi na lt r i a lb ef a i r , no ta se x pr e s s i n gar ul eo fpl e a di n g .I nc a s e swhe r ea d e p ar t ur ef r omt hepa r t i c ul ar i s e dc as ewo ul db eunf ai rt hep r os e c ut i o nwo ul d, i np r ac t i c al t e r ms ,b ec o nfine db yt hep ar t i c ul ar s .I no t he rc a s e sade pa r t ur ema yb ei mma t e r i a l …’

Separate Trials / Severance of Charges: 



Se pa r a t et r i a l sc a nbeo r de r e di f :( s 5 97 A( 1) ) o Aj oi nd e rwo ul dc a us ep r e j ud i c et ot hea c c u s e d. o I fi ti sd e s i r a b l eb yt hec o ur t . Thi sa pp l i c a t i o nd oe sn o tha v et obema d ei npr e t r i a l ,c a nbema d ea ta n y t i me t hr ou gh ou tt h et r i a l .( s 5 97 B) e ma l Hal l , Dar kana ndMc I v or[ 2 0 05 ] . o Ho we v e r ,i twa sr e f u s e di nRvDe

Transfer: 



Us ua l l yt het r i a loc c u r swi t hi nt hed i s t r i c twh e r et h ec r i mewa sc ommi t t e d( RvLo ng 2 00 1) .Ho we v e r ,at r i a lc a no c c uri na n yj u r i s di c t i onwi t hi nwh i c ha ne l e me n toft he o ffe nc eo c c ur s( s55 7( 1) ) . At r a n s f e rt oa n ot he rj ur i s di c t i onc a no c c uru po na pp l i c a t i onofCr o wnorAc c us e d wh e r eg oo dc a us ei ss ho wn( s5 59CC) . o Ther e l e v a ntc on s i d e r a t i o na r ea r t i c u l a t e di n( RvYanne r1 99 8) .

Judge alone Trial:  

Ei t he rt heAc c us e dort h ePr os e c ut i onma ya pp l yt oc ou r tf o ranoj ur yt r i a l( s61 4 ) . o Ho we v e r ,I ft hepr o s e c u t i ona pp l i e s , t h ea c c u s e dmu s tc on s e n t( s6 15 ( 2 ) ) . Ont o po ft h i st hej u dg ema yma k ea no r de rf oraj u d g ea l on et r i a li f“i nt h ei nt e r e s to f j us t i c e ”( RvPr i s kandHa r r i s2 00 9) : o I fu nr e a s on a b l yb ur d e n s o met r i a lb / cofl e n gt h/c ompl e xi t y . o Pos s i bi l i t yo foffe n c e sa g a i ns tj u r yme mb e r s . o Si g ni fic a ntpr e t r i a lp ub l i c i t y .

 

Un d e rc e r t a i nc i r c u ms t a nc e st hec o ur tma yr e f u s e dt h ea pp l i c a t i o n( s6 15 ( 5 ) ) . I ft h ei d e nt i t yo ft h ej ud g ei skn o wnt oe i t he rpa r t y , t he r ene e dst obes pe c i a lr e a s o n s f ort hea ppl i c a t i o n( s 6 14 ( 3 ) ) . i s kandHa r r i s2 00 9. o Re a s on sd i s c u s s e di nRvPr



Pr e f e r e nc ei sa l wa y sg i v e nt ob eh e a r db yj ur i e s .Th e r e f or e ,t h e s ea p pl i c a t i on sa r e u s u a l l yon l yg i v e nwh e r enoo t he rme t ho dsf o rd e a l i n gwi t hpr e j udi c i a lp ub l i c i t y ( Ki s s i e r ) . o Wi l lbemor el i k e l yi ft h ep r o s e c u t i onc on s e nt st os uc ha no r d e r . Un l i k e l yt obegr a n t e dwh e r et h ea c c u s e dwa n t st oi nt r o du c epr e j udi c i a le v i de n c e ( Pr e t o r i o us ) .

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Ex a mpl e swh e r eg r a nt e d :  RvCl o ug h[ 20 08 ]QSC30 7( mur de r )–c omp l e x i t yo fe vi de n c e  Fe r gus on( 20 09 )( c hi l ds e xoffe n c e )–Pr e t r i a lPu bl i c i t y( PTP)  RvSc hl os s( un r e p or t e d ,QDC5No v e mb e r2 00 8)( c hi l ds e xoffe n c e s )-PTP  RvSAA[ 2 00 9 ]QDC5( c h i l ds e xo ffe nc e s )–c ompl e xi t yo fc h a r g e Ex a mpl e swh e r ed e n i e d:  RvBr ad y[ 20 09 ]QDC4 8( un l a wf u lwo u nd i n g )

    

RvPr e t o r i o us[ 20 09 ]QDC41 4( s e xoffe n c e s ) RvPr i s kandHar r i s[ 20 09 ]QSC31 5( mur de r ) Fa r do n( Ra p e )-s e ec o mme n t si nRvFa r do n[ 2 01 0]QCA31 7. RvKi s s i e r[ 20 10 ]QDC2 42–up he l di nRvKi s s i e r[ 20 11 ]QCA2 23( b ur g l a r y& AOBH) RvPat e l[ 20 12 ]QSC41 9( Ma ns l a u g ht e r )

Stay of Proceedings:  

Anor de rt os t o ppr o c e e di n g st opr e v e ntabus eo fpr oc e s so rt oe ns ur eaf a i rt r i a lt o t hea c c us e d. Ca nb e : o Te mpo r a r y o Pe r ma ne nt  On l yoc c ur si ne xt r e mec i r c u ms t a n c e swh e r et he r ei saf u nd a me nt a l d e f e c tt ha tg o e st ot her oo toft het r i a la n di sofs uc hn a t ur et ha tn ot hi n g t ha tt hej ud g ec a ndowo ul dr e l i e v ea g a i ns ti t sun f a i rc on s e q ue nc e s ( Ja g o( Wa sno tor de r e d) ) .  Ev e ni fo r d e ri sma de ,i tma yb el i f t e di ft her e a s o nsf o ri tno l on g e ra pp l y .

Ensure a Fair Trial:  

‘ Th ec e nt r alt he s i so ft hea d mi n i s t r at i o no fj u s t i c ei st hee n t i t l e me ntofana c c u s e d p e r s ont oaf ai rt r i alac c o r di n gt ol aw. ’Mc Ki nne yvR( 1 99 1 ) Co n c e r nsr e g a r d i n gt hef a i r ne s sma ywa r r a n tas t a yofpr oc e e di n g swhe r et h e r ei s : o Pr e j ud i c i a lPub l i c i t y o De l a y o Al a c kofLe g a lRe pr e s e n t a t i on

Pr e j ud i c i a lPub l i c i t y :  Wh e npr e t r i a lpu bl i c i t yr e s u l t si nd a ma g eorha r mt o wa r dst hea c c u s e dc a s ebe f or ea t r i a l . Co ns i de r at i o nsr e g ar d i ngPr e Tr i a lPub l i c i t y : 1 .Th ena t u r e( i st h epu bl i c i t yp r e j u di c i a l )a ndq ua n t i t yo ft h ep ub l i c i t y . 2 .Th ee xt e ntt owh i c hi tma yb es e e nb yj ur o r sa sr e l e v a ntt ot h et r i a l . 3 .Ho wl o n ga g owa st hepu bl i c i t y-i si ts t i l la v a i l a bl e( e g . t h r o u g ht hei nt e r ne t ) ? 4 .I nwha tme di u m wa st hepu bl i c i t ya ndwh e r ed i di to c c u r ? 5 .Th ee xt e ntt owh i c he vi de n c et ha twi l lbegi v e na tt r i a li st ol i k ee ffe c ta st hepu bl i c i t y . 6 .Wa s / wi l lt h et r i a le vi de n c ebed e t a i l e da nda b s or bi n g ? 7 .Wh a twa s / i st hei mpa c tofot he rr e me d i e su s e d / t ob eus e d( s u c ha sj ud i c i a ldi r e c t i on s , c ha n g eofv e n ue ,t r i a lb yj ud g ea l o ne )ma yh a v ei nc ou nt e r i n gp ot e nt i a lp r e j ud i c e . Po s s i bl eRe me di e sf o rPr e j udi c i a lpubl i c i t yi nc l ud e :  Ch a l l e n g ef o rc a us e( s s43 / 4 7J ur yAc t )a ndj ur o r ’ so bl i g a t i on s :( RvFe r gus o n;e x p ar t eAG( Ql d)[ 2 00 8 ] ;RvPat e l( No4)[ 2 01 3] )

o Ar e q u e s tt h a tapr o s pe c t i v ej ur o rbedi s mi s s e db e c a us es p e c i fica ndf or c e f u l r e a s on st ob e l i e v epe r s o nc a nn o tbef a i r . 

J ud g e s ’di r e c t i o nst oj u r i e s( RvLo ng;e xpa r t eAG( Ql d)[ 20 03 ]QCA7 7)

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De l a y / a d j ou r np r o c e e di n g s / t e mpo r a r ys t a y( She i k h[ 20 04 ]NSWCCA38 ) o Pe r ma ne nts t a ya sl a s tr e s or t

  

Tr a ns f e rl oc a t i o n( s 5 59CC) J ud g ea l o net r i a l( s61 5( 4 ) ( c )CC) I fc on vi c t e d–a pp e a la g a i ns tc o n v i c t i o n.

De l a y :  I ft h e r ei sad e l a yi nt h el e g a ls y s t e mt ha twi l lc a us eu nf a i r ne s st ot hea c c us e d, t he c ou r tma yo ffe ras t a yofp r o c e e di n g s( J a g ovDi s t r i c tCo ur tofNe wSo ut h Wa l e s( 19 89 ) ) . o Ho we v e r ,t h ei snol e g a lr i gh tt oas p e e d yt r i a l , c a no nl yb eus e di ft he r ei st r ue u nf a i r ne s s .  Re me di e sa r ed i s c r e t i o na r ya ndma yb ede ni e di fa c c u s e dwa sr e s p on s i bl ef orde l a y . Po s s i bl eRe me di e sf o raDe l a y :  Or d e rf o re x pe di t i on-i np r e t r i a lpr o c e s s . o Tos p e e dt hi n g sup .  St a yofpr o c e e d i n g swhe r eun f a i r n e s si si nc ur a b l e ,e gWa l t onvGa r di ne r La c ko fLe g a lRe p r e s e nt a t i o n:  The r ei sa l wa y sas t a t ut or yr i g htt ou s ec ou nc i la tt r i a l( s61 6CC) .  Wh e nt hec ou nc i li sa b s e nti tma yun de r mi net her i gh tt oaf a i rt r i a l . I nt hi sc a s e ,t he r e wi l lbedi s c r e t i on a r yp o we rt oo r d e ras t a yofp r o c e e di n g sun t i lt h ec ou nc i li sma d e a v a i l a b l e( Di e t r i c hvR( 1 99 2 )17 7CLR29 2) . o Ex c e pt i on :I ft h ea c c u s e di sa tf a ul tf o rt hea b s e n c e ,de p e n dsont hede gr e eo f f a u l t( Ke nne dy) .  Thel e v e lo fr e p r e s e n t a t i o nr e q u i r e di sd e fine da sc ompe t e nt .Do e sn o tne e dt ob e e q ua lt ot h epr o s e c u t i o nsl e v e l( Mi l a t ) . 

Us ual l yus e di f : o Ac c us e di si nr e a lt hr e a to fi mpr i s onme nt( s e r i o usc ha r g e ) . o Ac c us e di ni ndi g e nt( po or ) . s t i on st ome a s u r ei nd i g e nc e :  Que  Ho wmuc hs ho ul da c c us e dber e q u i r e dt oc on t r i bu t e ?  Sho ul ds p ou s e / r e l a t i v e sb er e q u i r e dt oc on t r i b ut e ?

Ab u s eo fPr oc e s s : Thec o ur t s‘ c a npr o t e c tt he ms e l v e sa g ai ns te mb ar r a s s me n ta r i s i n gf r o mt hec o ns e qu e n c e so f b adpr os e c u t i on sb e i n gp ur s u e dt ot r i al .I ft hep ur s ui to fap r os e c ut i o nwo ul da mountt oan a bus eoft hepr o c e s soft hec o ur t ,t he nt hec our tc ani nt e r v e ne . ’Col vi n[ 2 7. 2 9]

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As t a yofpr oc e e di n g sf r o ma bu s eofp r oc e s sma yoc c u rwhe n : o Pr o s e c ut i o ni si ns t i t u t e df o ra ni mp r op e rpur p os e . o The r ea r es e pa r at i o nofpo we r sc onc e r ns . o Thep r os e c ut i o ni sop p r e s s i v edu et o:  De l a y .  I ti sf o r e d oo me dt oFa i l .  The r ei sa ni s s u eofdo ub l ej e op a r d y .

I mp r o pe rPur p os e :  Thep r op e rp ur p os eoft hep r o s e c ut i oni st oo b t a i nac o n v i c t i o n( Wi l l i amvSp aut z ( 19 92 ) ) .  An yo t h e rpu r po s eoft hepr os e c u t i o ni sc l a s s i fie da si mp r op e r . o I ft h e r ei sb ot hpu r po s e s , t hepr e do mi na t epu r po s ewi l lb et a k e ni n c on s i d e r a t i on . 

Se l e c t i v ePr os e c u t i o ns( wh e nt h ec r i mi n a lj us t i c es y s t e mc ho s e st op r o s e c ut e s ome o ne )i sg e n e r a l l yn otc on s i d e r e di mp r o p e r( I nl a ndRe v e nueCommi s s i on;Ex Pa r t eMe a d[ 1 99 3] )

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I mp r o pe rp ur p os ewa sno tf ou ndi nRvMo t i[ 20 10 ] :Whe r ep ay me nt sma deb yAFP t owi t n e s s e s . Thi sc as ei s' n o ton eo fab u s eofp r o c e s sb ut , att hehi g h e s t ,o nei n v o l v i n g c on d uc to fqu e s t i o na bl ewi s do m" wh i c hf al l ss h or tofe s t a bl i s h i n gt ha tt hepr oc e s sof t heCo ur ti si t s e l fb e i n gwr o n g l ymad eus eof . "I ns t e ad,i t spr oc e s si sb e i n gu s e df or wh att heHi g hCou r ti nRi d g e wa yd e s c r i be dasi t sp r o pe rpu r p os e :" t os e e kt h e c on v i c t i onofs o me o nec h ar g e dwi t hv e r ys e r i ou so ffe n c e s . "

Se pa r a t i ono fPo we r sCo nc e r n:  ‘ Th ej u di c i a r yh ast h ec o nfi de n c ea nds u p po r to fc i t i z e n sbe c au s ei ti ss e e na st he c ha mpi onan dp r o t e c t orot her i g ht st hel a wg i v e st he m. I nr e t ur nt hej udi c i ar yo we si t t oc i t i z e nsn o tt obe c o me ,t hr ou g hl ac kofap pl i c at i o na nds e l f or g a ni s at i on ,ah e l pl e s s g i a nt , i mpo t e n tt opr o t e c ti t s e l fa g a i n s tas s a ul t soni t si nd e p e n de n c ewhi c hr e d uc ei t s c ap ac i t yt op r o t e c tt her i g h t sofc i t i z e ns ’-RvBr o wn[ 2 0 13 ] .  Thep o we rt os t a yi s‘ e x t e ns i v ean dn otc o nfi ne dt oc l o s e dc a t e g o r i e s ’-RvBr o wn [ 20 13 ] . Op pr e s s i o n:  Ap r o s e c ut i o nma yb es e e na so pp r e s s i v ei f : o De l a yi np r o s e c ut i o ni mpe de sde f e n c e( J ag ovDi s t r i c tCo ur tofNSW ( 19 89 ) ) – b utno t ehe r ea r gu me ntf a i l e d o Ot he ri l l e g a l i t yc a nb ea t t r i b ut e dt ot h epr o s e c u t i n ga u t ho r i t i e s( Mot i[ 20 11 ] ) o I ff or e do ome dt of a i l( Ri dg e way ) o I nb r e a c ho fe xp e c t a t i onoffina l i t y( Wal t o nvGa r di ne r( 1 9 93 ) ) 

No t e–r e p e a t e dpr o s e c u t i on sn otg e n e r a l l yo pp r e s s i v eUNLESSe x c e p t i o na l c i r c ums t a nc e s( Donal d( 1 9 83 ) ) ....