Project Water Treatment Part I PDF

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UNIVERSITI KEBANGSAAN MALAYSIAFACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND BUILT ENVIRONMENTDEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERINGWATER TREATMENT DESIGN PROJECTKKKH 44 83 WATER TREATMENTLecturer: PROF. IR. DR. FATIHAH BINTI SUJA`Prepared by:Group 9AZMIR NURHAQIM BIN JEFRIN ROZILEY A NADYA PRATIWI CARMANDHITA ARTHATAMMA A MU...

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UNIVERSITI KEBANGS KEBANGSAAN AAN MALAYSIA FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND BU BUILT ILT ENVIRONMEN ENVIRONMENTT DEPARTMENT OF CIV CIVIL IL ENGINEERING

WATER TREATMENT DESIGN PROJECT KKKH 44 4483 83 WATER TREA TREATMENT TMENT

Lecturer: PROF. IR. DR. FATIHAH BINTI SUJA`

Prepared by:

Group 9 AZMIR NURHAQIM BIN JEFRIN ROZILEY

A165451

NADYA PRATIWI CARMANDHITA ARTHATAMMA

A184713

MUHAMMAD ARIF BIN MUHAMMAD FIRDAUS

A164359

DESIGN OF RIVER WATER TREATMENT: CASE STUDY OF LANGAT RIVER

ABSTRACT

This project aims to design one water treatment plant, process involve and calculation based on location that our group choose. After we choose location of water treatment plant, we need to know the parameters of the water quality and the flow of the river. For our group we choose langat river and more specifically in Dengkil, Selangror. We need to know all the characteristics of the river that we choose. Before that, we need to know the source of the river, for our design industrial, domestic, construction and farming are the main source along Langat river. After we know all the information we need, proceed wih design the process involve based on the parameter that we need to be treat such as ammonia-nitrate and etc. Then, after we know all the process involve we need to design the PFD of water treatment process using Visio or AutoCad. Lastly, after we gather all the information and already design the flow of process and know the process involve, we need to make calculation using the information of Based flow and discharge so we can know how many people can use that treat water and the community that we can served.

CHAPTER I

BACKGROUND

1.1

INTRODUCTION

Water serves a multitude of uses. As the various uses have grown in diversity, constrained by the fixed quantity available, significant interaction of uses and reuses of water has also developed. Water quality is a very broad term when used by some people and quite specific for others and is the complementary aspect of water quantity. In a developing country like Malaysia, rapid changes are continually taking place. These include population growth, urbanization, agricultural, mining and logging activities, and industrialization. These changes bring about complex environmental problems and the most important natural resource that is affected is water. The development of land and natural resources, and the discharge of waste products into the water body are the main water pollution sources in Malaysia. Being a foremost industrial state, Selangor have reached to a stage where the demand of raw water exceeds the water availability. In this critical condition, the available water resources within the state will soon face a critical shortfall in meeting the increasing demands. This is especially a great concern since water authority in Selangor is also responsible for water supplies to the Wilayah Persekutuan. In the early days, the water quality of Langat river was of little concern as demand for water was relatively low. Now, with increased demand for water by the growing population, industry and agricultural sectors, there is an increased pollution load in the river, and this affects its uses. This project was carried out at Langat river, to check characteristics, source, community to be served, carried out all the treatment that involve, prepare the conceptual design for the treatment, and calculate the estimated system costs.

1.2

LOCATION OF THE SOURCE

Selangor together with the Federal territories of Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya covers an area of 8,396 km2 where the population is about 4 million people. The core sectors of Selangor's economy are commerce, industries, and services. Selangor is the most developed state in Malaysia. Selangor Water Management Authority (SWMA/LUAS) is a one-stop agency/River Basin Organization (RBO) for the management of water resources, river basin, water bodies, ground water and coastal waters in the State of Selangor under the Selangor Waters Management Authority Enactment 1999.

Figure 1: River basins in Selangor

Figure 2: The catchment area at langat river basin Langat river is located at Selangor. The catchment area 2,409km2 (190 km) and straddles two states which are Selangor and Negeri Sembilan (19%), Federal Territories of Putrajaya and 5 local authorities. It was the main water source for Selangor and Klang Valley conurbation (9 water intake- 1110MLD for water supply). According to DOE, Water Quality Index for Langat River is slightly polluted which is 73 in June 2020. This is because of many reasons and one of them are the iconic land use features, such as Putrajaya, Sepang Circuit and KLIA. (Azlinda & Ali. F., 2012) The Langat catchment is an important water catchment where it provides raw water supply and other facilities to approximately 1.2 million of people within the basin. Important conurbations served include towns such as Cheras, Kajang, Bangi, Government Centre of Putrajaya and others. There are two (2) reservoirs within the catchment, which is Semenyih and Hulu Langat Dam and

eigth (8) water treatment plants which provides clean and safe water to the users. (Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), 2016) Langat river has a total catchment area of approximately of 1815 km2. It lies within latitudes of 2º 40’M 152” N to 3º 16’M 15” N and longitudes of 101º 19’M 20” E to 102º 1’M 10” E. The length of the main river is 141 km and mostly situated 40 km east of Kuala Lumpur. The Langat river has a several tributaries, with the principal ones being the Semenyih river, the Lui river and the Beranang river. Two (2) reservoirs which Langat dam and Semenyih dam cater the for this catchment. The Langat dam which was built in 1981 with the catchment area of 54 km2, while the Semenyih dam was built in 1942 with the catchment area of 41 km2. Langat catchment is drained by three (3) major tributaries – Langat River, Semenyih River and Labu River. The main tributary, Langat river flows about 182ckm from the main range (Banjaran Titiwangsa) at the Northeast of Hulu Langat District in south-southwest direction and draining into the Straits of Malacca. Both the Langat and Semenyih River originate from hilly and forested areas in the western slope of Banjaran Titiwangsa, northeast of Hulu Langat. The main reach of Semenyih River can be considered to start from the Semenyih Dam flowing southsouthwest direction through the town of Semenyih, Bangi Lama and finally merges with Langat River at about 4km to the east of Bangi Lama town. Semenyih Rive is also supplemented by Beranang River and Pajam River. Both rivers originate from the northern part of Seremban District, Negeri Sembilan.

Figure 3: Location of our water treatment plant

Figure 4: Location of our water treatment plant (Dengkil)

1.3

COMMUNITY TO BE SERVED

There are six towns located along the Langat river: a) Kg Kuala Panson b) Dusun Tua c) Hulu Langat d) Cheras e) Kajang (The largest town is in the middle section of the catchment area) f) Dengkil (Location of our design)

Figure 5: Community along Langat River (Suki et al., 1988)

1.4

WATER QUALITY AND CHARACTERISTICS

Table 1: Characteristics of Langat river Average base-flow volume of 23,574,197m3 is estimated while 41,034,912m3 of total flow volume is recorded in Langat river.(Yang et al., 2011)

Table 2: Water Quality Parameters of Langat river (O. Basheer et al., 2017)

Based on the data, Langat River was classified in class III based on the WQI classification. The water quality at Langat River is highly affected by the surrounding human activities such as construction, manufacturing factories, sand mining and from domestic wastes. In addition, this river is not only used as main source of potable water but also is mean to serve other purposes, for example recreational, fishing and irrigation and hence it is vital to have clean water at this river. Lastly, the sources of pollutions in the Langat River are 58% from industrial discharge, 28% from domestic sewage from treatment plants, 12% from construction projects and 2% from pig farming.

1.5

CURRENT CONDITIONS AT OUR SITE (DENGKIL)

Figure 6: Our site location of Water Treatment Plant in Dengkil

Benefits

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Further from any other building, residential and industrial

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The driveway is covered with trees.

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Large area, for future development

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Can using Off River Concept

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Near to the river, easy for water intake

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Less Costs, Near to river (cut costs from installation pipes)

REFERENCES Azlinda, S., & Ali. F., M. (2012). Assessment of Water Demand in Langat Catchment Using. Civil Engineering Faculty, Universiti Teknology Mara, UiTM, 1–28. Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI). (2016). Establishment Of Sustainability Science Demonstration Pilot Project On Restoring and Managing Langat River, Malaysia for Future. 38. http://jfit-for-science.asia/wp-content/uploads/502_Sustainability-SciencePilot-Project-Langat-River-Malaysia.pdf O. Basheer, A., M. Hanafiah, M., & J. Abdulhasan, M. (2017). a Study on Water Quality From Langat River, Selangor. Acta Scientifica Malaysia, 1(2), 01–04. https://doi.org/10.26480/asm.02.2017.01.04 Suki, A., Yusoff, M. K., & Poe, M. O. K. T. (1988). Water Quality Profile of Sg. Langat. Pertanika, 11(2), 273–281. Yang, H. H., Jaafar, O., El-Shafie, A., & Sharifah Mastura, S. A. (2011). Impact of land-use changes toward base-flow regime in Lui and Langat Dengkil sub-basin. International Journal of Physical Sciences, 6(21), 4960–4976. https://doi.org/10.5897/IJPS11.915...