PSA.6 - Chapter 40 Objectives: Protection (Body Surfaces) PDF

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Chapter 40 Objectives: Protection (Body Surfaces)...

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Pre-Session Assignment (PSA) #6 Complete the vocabulary-matching sections and at least the first three objectives for each chapter. Doing so will prepare you for recitations and for the quizzes. You are highly encouraged to complete the rest of the objectives to keep you on track and so you can ask for clarification during recitation. All answers can be found in the textbook, even if a section has not yet been covered in lecture. Please print, complete, and bring to recitation. Chapter 40 Objectives: Protection (Body Surfaces) 1. Describe the general structure and functions of vertebrate skin Vertebrate skin tissue layer have an epidermis that is stratified. Epidermal cells contain melanocytes, keratinocytes, merkel cells and langerhan cells. They also have a dermis with blood vessels, sensory receptors, hair follicles and sweat glands. The dermal structure contains a papillary layer, epidermal ridges and Meissner corpuscles. They also have a reticular layer that has dense irregular connective tissue with Pacinian corpuscles

2. Name and describe four different types of burns First-degree burns- only epidermis involved with redness and minor pain. Second-degree burns- involve epidermis and dermis, significant pain and blistering, generally needs medical attention Third-degree- epidermis through subcutaneous tissue, not painful at first, fluid loss and possible infection, medical intervention and skin grafting might be required. Full thickness burns- including all layers, even down to the bone

3. Name and describe three different types of skin cancers Basal cell carcinoma- most common, keratinocytes in stratum germinativum, surgical removal often successful Squamous cell carcinoma- keratinocytes in spinosum, more likely to metastasize to lymph nodes, looks reddish in color and bleeds easily, often requires surgical intervention

4. Compare and contrast differences in the epidermis and dermis of vertebrates

5. Compare and contrast the structure and functions of epithelial tissue, integumentary systems, epithelial secretions (e.g. cuticles and shells) as well as the cells and structures of epidermal origin in different organisms

6. Define and give examples of a syncytial epidermis

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Chapter 40 Objectives: Support (Skeleton) 1. Name, define, compare and contrast and gives examples of the three types of animal skeletons Hydrostatic- fluid filled body compartment, muscle contracts on compartment; fluid moves within compartment; constant volume Exoskeleton- secreted by and covers epithelium, muscles attached to it contraction causes skeleton to move Endoskeleton- covered by another tissue, muscle attaches to it and contraction causes skeleton to move

2. Compare and contrast structure and function of dense bone and spongy bone and name and describe the components of the osteon system (drawing helpful!) Dense bones are a “hard” bone enclosed in spongy bone and marrow cavity, muscles attach to it. The osteon structure has interlocking structural units, the osteocytes are mature bone cells, lacunae are small cavities, lamella are concentric circles, canalucule are small channels between lacunae and haversian canals run lengthwise within blood vessels. Spongy bones are located inside dense bones, at the ends of long bones and center of flat bones. Their function is to form blood cells.

3. Compare and contrast and give examples of the types of joints and joint movements in the human skeleton Synovial joints are encapsulated and fluid filled, they are reinforced with ligaments and are free moving. Fibrous joints connect bones and are joined by fibrous connective tissue. They are only slightly moveable or completely immoveable. Cartilaginous are made of cartilage and are only slightly moveable.

4. Describe the functions of a skeleton, including the vertebrate skeleton, and how it works

5. List and describe the anatomical regions of a long bone

6. Name and describe the divisions of the vertebrate skeleton

7. Compare and contrast red and yellow bone marrow

8. Name, describe, and give examples of five different structural types of bones

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9. Compare and contrast and give examples of endochondral and intramembranous bone formation

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