PSY100 Test 1 Practice Questions Winter 2020 PDF

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PSY100 Practice Questions for Test #1 1. A weatherman is standing outside in a terrible hurricane, when the wind launches a giant piece of metal into the side of his head, above his right ear. This likely damaged his: a. Temporal lobe b. Occipital lobe c. Parietal lobe d. Frontal lobe 2. Damage to this area of the weatherman’s brain (see previous the question), would likely lead to problems with: a. Vision b. Object recognition c. Hearing d. Touch 3. The strange-situation test was designed to allow psychologists to assess: a. how infants respond to separation and reunion with their mothers b. an infant’s tendencies to seek or avoid novelty c. the level of social skill an infant has acquired d. whether infants are able to distinguish between their caregiver and another adult of the same age and sex 4. Alison wants to examine children’s responses to fearful stimuli at ages 2, 4, and 6. She has a limited budget and limited time to complete her research. Which of the following research methods would be the best for this type of study? a. Parent report b. Trial-by-trial c. Cross-sectional d. Longitudinal 5. Something that can be measured or manipulated by an experimenter is considered: a. a variable b. a descriptive statistic c. a confound d. a subject/participant 6. Samir is conducting a correlational study, and he cannot determine whether one variable causes another. One reason is that the additional variables that he did not study could influence the variables he did study. This reflects the: a. directionality problem b. the third variable problem c. response accuracy d. the occurrence of random error

7. What structure allows neurons to communicate over longer distances? a. dendrites b. terminal buttons c. Schwann cells d. axon 8. When researchers document that a phenomenon is real by repeating a study done by another scientist, they are engaging in: a. meta-analysis b. replication c. experience sampling d. correlational research 9. A psychologist wants to create two groups that are as similar as possible at the beginning of an experiment. To do this, she should use: a. random sampling b. participant assignment c. a double-blind study d. random assignment 10. The cross-sensory experience of tasting a visual image or seeing particular words in colour is called: a. The Stroop effect b. Somatothesia c. Synesthesia d. Multimodal integration 11. A motor neuron ________, whereas a sensory neuron ________. a. communicates electrically; communicates chemically b. is efferent; is afferent c. communicates chemically; communicates electrically d. is afferent; is efferent

Use the image below to answer questions 12 & 13:

12. The proper label for “B” on this figure would be: a. Resting potential b. Threshold c. Excitation d. Depolarization 13. The “D” stage on the figure is caused by: a. Influx of K+ b. Efflux of K+ c. Influx of NA+ d. Efflux of NA+ 14. Since nicotine increases acetylcholine functioning we can assume it is: a. an agonist b. an antagonist c. a substance that destroys neurons with acetylcholine receptors d. a toxin released by neurons that binds to acetylcholine receptors

15. A young child is referred to Marco’s psychology practice following a severe accident. The child had vision prior to the accident, but because of a blow to the head, she can no longer see. Her eyes are still fully functional. Based on this information, Marco determines that the brain area most likely damaged in the accident is the: a. frontal lobe b. temporal lobe c. parietal lobe d. occipital lobe 16. Dr. Bloomin wants to investigate the impact of talking to plants on their growth. He decides to talk to a group of 40 tulips each day for six weeks. A second group is not talked to at all. After six weeks he discovers that the tulips he talked to are five centimetres taller than the tulips not talked to. In this example, the dependent variable is: a. the group of tulips spoken to b. whether or not the tulips are spoken to c. the height of the tulips d. the group of tulips not spoken to 17. If a researcher defined happiness based on the number of times a person smiled in a 15-minute period, the number of smiles would be: a. an open-ended measurement b. the operational definition of happiness c. a response performance measure d. a self-report measure 18. Even though he has already memorized his notes, Hao reviews them every night for the two weeks before the exam. This strategy is likely to ____________ his performance due to ____________. a. hurt; massed practice b. help; massed practice c. hurt; spaced practice d. help; spaced practice 19. What is a neurotransmitter? a. an electrical impulse occurring as ions flow inside a neuron b. a chemical that allows neurons to communicate c. a chemical that communicates with hormones d. a receiver for chemical messages in the brain

20. Gerry believes that dreams are caused by extremely tiny leprechauns who enter people’s brains (via their ears) every night and tell them stories, activating certain areas of the brain. However, the leprechauns are invisible and weightless and impossible for humans to detect by any means. Gerry’s theory is unscientific because: a. leprechauns are not real b. science is not concerned with the study of dreams c. it’s impossible to disconfirm d. Gerry is not a scientist 21. Annette has studied Piaget’s theory of cognitive development and believes it adequately describes the way the world works. What would she say about the developmental shift from, for instance, the preoperational to the concrete operational period of development? a. Children in these two stages are quantitatively different from one another. b. Children in these two stages are qualitatively different from one another. c. Children in these two phases think quite alike; one simply has more experience to draw from. d. Although divided into distinct stages, neither child is more advanced than the other. 22. Researchers conducted a study in which they determined that as tendency toward aggression increases, time spent watching combat sports like boxing and MMA increases as well. What is the nature of this correlation? a. Positive b. Negative c. Zero d. Not enough information to answer 23. Studies have involved raising rats in environments that were either enriched (i.e., the environment was complex and offered many opportunities for engaging in different activities) or impoverished (i.e., the environment was sparse, and rats had very little to do). What did these studies show about how rats are affected by environmental conditions? a. The enriched rats were later diagnosed with attention disorders from all the stimuli. b. The impoverished rats grew stronger, in order to prepare themselves to better adapt to harsh environments. c. Environmental conditions have little effect on rats, making them a good target for research (because you don’t have to worry as much about environmental variability affecting neurological development) d. Environmental conditions can change brain size and the structure of neurons (e.g., by increasing the number of dendrites and synapses)

24. If a split brain patient is shown an image of a trumpet in their left visual field, how might they best be able to identify the object? a. They could attempt to draw it with their left hand b. They could attempt to draw it with their right hand c. They could tell you that it was a trumpet d. They could tell you a nonsense story that somehow incorporated a trumpet 25. In Piaget’s theory, the process of modifying existing cognitive structures in response to experience and new information is known as: a. Equilibration b. Accommodation c. Conservation d. Assimilation 26. Which of the following is not a subcortical structure of the brain: a. amygdala b. hippocampus c. orbitofrontal cortex d. basal ganglia 27. When psychology was first developing as an independent field from philosophy, which idea founded the concepts that all knowledge arises from experience? a. Empiricism b. Dualism c. Monoism d. Nativism 28. Aria is a psychologist interested in examining how people reason and problem solve. What area of psychology is Aria involved in? a. Social and personality psychology b. Abnormal psychology c. Biological psychology d. Cognitive psychology 29. Marcos is in Alaska doing a full investigation into a small family who has a unique ability to avoid illness. Despite the harsh conditions they live in, no one in the family has fallen ill in 20 years. Marcos is conducting a: a. Meta-analysis b. Case study c. Naturalistic observation d. Correlational study

30. Experiments are unique from other forms of research discussed in the book as only experiments allow for: a. Specific hypotheses to be tested b. Cause and effect relationships to be determined c. Statistically significant results d. All of the above 31. Who was an early proponent of functionalism? a. Ivan Pavlov b. William James c. Wilhelm Wundt d. Max Werheimer 32. The purpose of operational definitions in science is to: a. Keep participants from knowing which treatment group they are in b. Reduce demand characteristics c. Prevent theories from being unfalsifiable d. Carefully define terms and variables so they can be objectively studied 33. What is the function of the myelin sheath? a. To protect neurons and amplify communication b. To insulate the axon and speed up neural impulses c. To produce and transmit neurotransmitters d. To produce the enzymes that help break down neurotransmitters 34. If a researcher sets up a study in which the study materials are given to the participants in an envelope with the contents unknown to the researcher, this is an example of a strategy to avoid: a. researcher bias b. the Hawthorne effect c. self-report bias d. the self-selection effect 35. Our visual sensory receptor cells are located in the ____. a. Sclera b. Fovea c. Optic nerve d. Retina 36. In observational research, there are no: a. Constructs b. Manipulations c. Data d. All of the above

37. Yellow afterimages after staring at blue objects is evidence for: a. Colour blindness b. Two colours signaled by the same channel c. Three types of rod receptors d. Bi-chromatic colour theory 38. Piaget’s studies of “conservation” trace the development of: a. Perception b. Object constancy c. Internal representation or ‘knowledge’ d. Sensory motor activity 39. Rods and cones are: a. Responsible for the transduction of light b. Distributed along the optic nerve c. Two different types of retinal ganglion cells d. All of the above 40. Incoming excitatory signals will: a. Depolarize the neuron b. Hyperpolarize the neuron c. Generate an action potential d. Travel down the length of the axon 41. The left hemisphere of the brain is responsible for: a. Motor control of the right side of the body b. Language production c. Processing information from the right visual field d. All of the above 42. This part of the brain is best known for responding to negative (e.g., fearful) stimuli: a. Hippocampus b. Orbitofrontal cortex c. Amygdala d. Hypothalamus

Answers: 1. a 2. c 3. a 4. c 5. a 6. b 7. d 8. b 9. d 10. c 11. b 12. d 13. b 14. a 15. d 16. c 17. b 18. d 19. b 20. c 21. b 22. a 23. d 24. a 25. b 26. c 27. a 28. d 29. b 30. b 31. b 32. d 33. b 34. a 35. d 36. b 37. b 38. c 39. a 40. a 41. d 42. c...