Psychology 101- Test three review PDF

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Test 3 Review Chapter 8- Cognition and Intelligence 1. The tendency to perceive an item only in terms of its most common use, which barrier to problem solving is this? a. Functional fixedness 2. Is having more choice good or bad according to the choice overload hypothesis? a. Bad 3. What approach to problem solving is the best way to solve the tower of Hanoi problem? a. Forming sub-goals (intermediate steps) 4. What type of heuristic involves basing the estimated probability of an event on how similar it is to the typical prototype of that event? a. Representative Heuristic 5. Who was the first researcher to devise a way to test intelligence in children and what scale did he use to measure it? a. Binet (1905)-used mental age 6. How do we know that IQ testing is very reliable? a. r=.90, people tend to get the same score each time they take it 7. The Flynn effect refers to the finding that performance on IQ tests has steadily increased over generations which provides evidence for IQ being determined by what? a. Evidence for the environmental influence of IQ 8. Claude and Marie are excited because they have just bought a restaurant. The two partners know that the last seven restaurants that have been operated at that location have gone bankrupt within a year of their openings, but Claude and Marie are certain their restaurant will be successful because they plan on working hard. In this case, the two new business partners are a. apparently ignoring base rates. Chapter 9- Motivation and Emotion 9. What is the drive theory of motivation? What is one thing that is cannot explain? a. motivation arises from imbalance in homeostatsis, cannot explain eating when you are not hungry. 10. Why is ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH) thought to be the satiety center? a. because if damaged animals exhibited excessive food consumption and rapid weight gain. 11. What is the phenomenon called when the incentive value of a specific food declines, so when there are ton of food people are likely to overeat? a. Sensory-specific satiety 12. In the puzzle competition study, what happened when people always loss? a. They did not spend a lot of time playing with puzzle when alone 13. What are the three components of emotion? a. Cognitive, Physiological, Behavioral 14. Zoe has been struggling in her chemistry course and is concerned that she might fail. Her predictions about how distressed she will be if she fails are likely to a. exaggerate how badly she will feel. 15. The observation that one individual may experience an airplane flight as an anxiety-arousing situation while another individual may experience it as a routine event reflects that emotion involves a. a subjective conscious experience. 16. According to the James-Lange theory of emotions, one’s conscious experience of emotion results from one’s perception of a. Automatic arousal

Chapter 10-Human development across the life span 17. The development that reflects the gradual unfolding of one’s genetic blueprint. a. Maturation 18. What did Harlow’s monkey studies demonstrate about attachment? a. That it is not just about reinforcement, like the behaviorists initially believed? 19. Research by Ainsworth (strange situation) showed that infant-mother attachments fall into three categories, which are? a. Secure (mom present-they play), anxious-ambivalent(mom present-anxious), & avoidant(mom present-they don’t care) 20. For children, in which Piagetian stage might we be correct with the old expression, “Out of sight is out of mind”? a. sensorimotor 21. The idea that even if an object changes shape or appearance the underlying quantity of the object remains the same is Piaget’s principle of a. Conservation (which develops in the concrete operational period, children in preopertional (ages 2 to 7 do not have this ability) 22. The immaturity of the prefrontal cortex has been used to explain a. why adolescents engage in risky behavior like reckless driving and unprotected sex. 23. After considering a number of possible majors and careers, Christi has decided to major in business management and work in advertising. Christi has recently established the identity status of a. identity achievement. 24. Harry has always been a vital and active individual, but recently he has begun having difficulty remembering newly learned information after brief periods of time. What disorder are his symptoms indicative of? a. Alzheimer’s disease 25. Learning a new skill like quilting in old age can potentially enhance what type of memory? a. Episodic memory not working memory!...