PUP 190- Sustainable cities Study Guide PDF

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1. Anthropogenic Climate Change- anthropogenic climate change alterations to climate resulting from human impact

2. Climate Forcing Agents 3. Earth’s Albedo- 30% 4. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change- Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change is an international panel that reports on how climate change influences biomes and economies. 5. Climate Change Adaptation responding to the effects of climate change 6. Climate Change Mitigation- efforts to reduce or prevent emission of greenhouse gases 7. Carbon Sinks A natural environment that absorbs and stores more carbon dioxide from the atmosphere than it releases, which offsets greenhouse gas emissions. 8. Ecological Footprint the impact of a person or community on the environment, expressed as the amount of land required to sustain their use of natural resources. 9. Urban Revolution Between approximately 4000 and 1500 BCE human societies in certain river valleys transformed from Neolithic farming villages into more complex urban societies. What might this transition be called?

10. Brundtland Commission Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. 11. Ecological Dept result of multinational companies which plunder resources from poor nations, leaving behind unemployment, deforestation, poverty, depleted agricultural capabilities, and pollution 12. Three E’s of Sustainability Environment, Economy, Equity 13. Jared Diamond’s “Collapse” "how societies chose to fail or succeed" 14. Basic Approaches to Problem Solving in Antiquity

15. Smart Growth Legislation and regulations to limit suburban sprawl and preserve farmland.

16. Green Networks the system of interconnected patches and corridors that provide and sustain ecological functions and values within human dominated landscapes 17. Urban Ecology the study of the link between the physical and social dimensions of cities 18. Carrying Capacity the largest population that an environment can support at any given time 19. Coupled Human-Nature Interactions the connections or links between humans and their environment; expressed as a feedback loop, many of humans' actions affect the environment and in turn changes in the environment affect the human population

20. Urban Vulnerabilities to Climate Change 21. Environmental Impact Formula population x affluence x technology 22. Ecosystem Services the processes by which life-supporting resources such as clean water, timber, fisheries, and agricultural crops are produced 23. Rachel Carson United States biologist remembered for her opposition to the use of pesticides that were hazardous to wildlife (1907-1964)

24. Silent Spring A book written to voice the concerns of environmentalists. Launched the environmentalist movement by pointing out the effects of civilization development. 25. Anticipatory Governance the process of using foresight to anticipate a wide range of possible futures, plan adaptation strategies for these futures , monitor changes over time, and act to adapt to change as anticipated. 26. Colorado River Compact The Colorado River Compact is a 1922 agreement among seven U.S. states in the basin of the Colorado River in the American Southwest governing the allocation of the water rights to the river's water among the parties of the interstate compact. 27. Complex Adaptive Systems systems that adapt and evolve in the process of interacting with dynamic environments

28. Normative Scenarios 29. Different Water Classifications 30. Attributes of Resilient Cities Adaptability, Diversity, Innovation, Natural Capital, Social Capital 31. Resiliency Capacity Index 32. Biophilic Design designing cities to put nature first, planning and management that recognize the essential need for daily human contact with nature as well as the many environmental and economic values provided by nature and natural services; can help make cities where it is easier to enjoy nature; design for extensive an robust social capital; involve large vegetated land areas, green features, flora & fauna, natural images in cities, nature conservation, emphasizing walkability, parks, and time spent outside

33. Indian Bend Wash The Indian Bend Wash Greenbelt is an oasis of parks, lakes, paths and golf courses traversing 11 miles through the heart of Scottsdale. The greenbelt features more than 24 grade-separated crossings, meaning users can avoid major cross traffic. This world-renown flood control project is rated among the top urban "green spaces" in Arizona.

34. Central Arizona-Phoenix Long-Term

35. Urban Heat Island Effect the heat that cities generate as a result of having many buildings and few trees or other vegetation

36. Park Cool Island Parks with grass and trees have a lower thermal admittance and thus are areas that are generally "islands of cool" within cities, particularly those experience UHI 37. Sky View Factor the fraction of sky "seen" from a point on the ground up; ranges from zero to one; LOWER SVF LEADS TO REDUCED SURFACE AREA FOR RADIATIVE LOSS AT NIGHT & CAN INCREASE UHI

38. Thermal Admittance A surface thermal property that quantifies the rate at which a material stores or releases heat. It is the square root of the product of thermal conductivity and heat capacity. 39. Global Transport Concept (Freiburg) Implemented in Freiburg since 1969, a transportation strategy that is updated every ten years. Main goals= reduce traffic in the city and support public transit, cyclists, and pedestrians; focuses on creating a rational BALANCE between all modes of transportation; HAS HELPED MAKE CITY TRANSIT MORE SUSTAINABLE & CONTRIBUTES TO LESS EMISSIONS 40. Three Pillars of Successful Energy Policy (Freiburg) 41. Transit Oriented Development Development that attempts to focus dense residential and retail development around stops for public transportation, a component of smart growth. 42. Bus Rapid Transit Systems 43. Five Roots of Sustainability 44. Megacities cities with more than 10 million people

45. Urban and Per-Urban Agriculture 46. Food Miles the distance a food travels from its site of production to the consumer 47. Food Desert An area characterized by a lack of affordable, fresh and nutritious food.

48. Life Cycle Assessment Analysis of environmental impacts of products from the design stage through end-of-life. 49. Local Food food that is organically grown and produced within a fairly limited distance from where it is consumed

50. Food Security Physical, social, and economic access at all times to safe and nutritious food sufficient to meet dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life. 51. Urbanization An increase in the percentage and in the number of people living in urban settlements.

52. Hammarby Model Stockholm's infrastructure system enables water, waste, and energy to support each other, thus reducing the energy and natural resources needed to operate the neighborhood. Other technologies such as fuel and solar cells and solar panels are also integrated into the neighborhood, allowing residents to meet half of their energy needs once the area is fully developed. Moreover, the city imposed stringent environmental restrictions on buildings, technical installations, and traffic, significantly limiting their impact on the natural environment. 53. Mixed Used Development combine several different uses into one complex including retail, office, residential, hotel, recreation, or other functions

54. Adaptive management (Resiliency) The systematic testing of different management approaches to improve methods over time

55. Biophilic Hypothesis suggests that humans possess an innate tendency to seek connections with nature and other forms of life. Edward O Wilson introduced this idea in 1984 56. Ecological Resilience degree of disturbance an ecosystem can withstand and maintain integrity 57. Garden City land planning that considers a city and countryside together

58. Urban Resilience Pillars economic capital, social capital, environmental capital, and adaptive governance 59. UN Sustainable Development Goals 17 goals, examples: no poverty, zero hunger, good health and well being, quality education

60. Social Capital (Resiliency) Democratic and civic habits of discussion, compromise, and respect for differences, which grow out of participation in voluntary organizations. 61. Natural Regeneration Reforestation of an area from seeds or vegetation without intervention. 62. Basic Functions of Indicators

63. Combined Heat and Power Plant A system that simultaneously generates heat and electricity from either the combustion of fuel, or a solar heat collector.

64. Environmental Justice the fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people regardless of race, color, national origin, or income with respect to the development, implementation, and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations, and policies.

65. Common Green House Gases Water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrogen oxides, ozone 66. The Dust Bowl 67. Non-anthropocentric Values 68. Pinochet vs. Muir 69. New Urbanism Outlined by a group of architects, urban planners, and developers from over 20 countries, an urban design that calls for development, urban revitalization, and suburban reforms that create walkable neighborhoods with a diversity of housing and jobs.

70. Climate Change Scenario...