Push factors and pull factors that drive population movements PDF

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Preliminary Geography - Population Geography
Discuss the push factors AND pull factors that drive population movements....

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QUESTION Discuss the push factors AND pull factors that drive population movements. In 2017, push and pull factors drove 258 million people to migrate internationally worldwide. Population movement, such as rural-urban, labour and refugee migration have been heavily influenced by the push and pull factors in different regions worldwide. This report will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of push and pull factors that drive population migration in detail.

Push Factors Firstly, push factors forcibly prompt civilians to leave their country and migrate to other countries. In the case of refugee migration, 25.9 million people have fled their homes due to the push factors such as the fear of persecution, war, famine or natural disasters. Additionally, the United Nations has quoted there are a total of 70.8 million people displace in 2018, leading to unfavourably high rates of refugee migration throughout the world. An example of push factors negatively influencing the lives of people are Syrians, where 6.7 million refugees are fleeing their home country due to Civil War in large scales. Disadvantages in this example include the unwilling and forced migration of Syrians and leading to millions of people seeking aid and shelter in countries around the world. However, these push factors are leading to increased number of people travelling to new regions, where their skills and knowledge may be acknowledged and rewarded. Push factors allow migrants to migrate to new regions, where pull factors may impact their lives positively. Pull Factors In contrast, pull factors attract millions of people around the world who search for a better life. Pull factors, which include job and educational opportunities, drive millions to migrate. An example where pull factors are making positive impacts is the migration from rural to urban regions, where more rural dwellers are able to access and enjoy the opportunities and environment, as suppose to the pull factors in rural regions, such as lack of education and services. For example, rural-urban migration has led to hundreds of million people migrating from rural provinces to populated urban cities in China. In 2009, around 145 million citizens migrated from rural areas to urban cities around the year. This trend has long been present, and from the map of rural-urban migration in 1991, more and more people are migrating from central provinces, such as Sichuan, to Guangdong province and Shanghai. Benefits of the pull factors in urban regions include educating and providing jobs, as in rural Chinese regions, economic and education opportunities are limited, thus also increasing the country’s GDP and literacy rate. In contrast, migration as a result of labour or from rural regions are causing increased competition in the work force, thus being a negative social impact. As increasingly more people are migrating to urban cities, the lack of jobs and services to provide for these new migrants are resulting in higher unemployment rates.

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QUESTION Discuss the push factors AND pull factors that drive population movements. Conclusion People are moving from regions around the world in higher than ever scales. The push factors, such as war and violence, and pull factors, such as employment and education opportunities, are driving millions to migrate both pose advantages and disadvantages.

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