QUESTION ANSWERS CH.28-29 PDF

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answers to question packets CH. 28-29...

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QUESTIONS-MICROBIOLOGY=Viruses, Bacteria, and Archaea 1. Which of these is the most accurate description of a virus? A. a noncellular living organism B. one of the smallest bacteria known C. a member of the kingdom Virusae D. a cell at the boundary between living and nonliving things E. chemical complexes of RNA or DNA protected by protein 2. Which of the following is NOT true about viruses? A. The genome may be DNA or RNA. B. The nucleic acid may be single or double stranded. C. They contain nucleic acid, protein, and mitochondria. D. They exhibit host specificity. 3. Most viruses are A. much smaller than bacteria. B. usually more than 1 micron long. C. larger than protists. D. immeasurable. 4. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a virus? A. acellular B. obligate parasite C. can be synthesized from chemicals in the laboratory D. diseases caused by viruses can be treated with antibiotics 5. Which of the following is considered to be acellular? A. bacteria B. fungi C. algae D. protozoans E. viruses 6. The innermost core of a virus's structure is made up of A. a membranous envelope. B. both DNA and RNA. C. either DNA or RNA. D. a protein capsid. 7. The capsid of a virus is composed of A. RNA. B. protein. C. DNA. D. cellulose. 8. Some, but not all, viruses contain ______, located on their outer surface. A. a membranous envelope composed of the host's plasma membrane B. both DNA and RNA from the host C. either DNA or RNA D. a protein capsid 9. Which statement is NOT true about a retrovirus? A. contains a DNA genome before transcription. B. contains enzyme reverse transcriptase. C. It is able to carry out transcription of RNA to DNA. D. Viral DNA remains in the host genome. 10. In addition to his work with bacteria, Louis Pasteur was also the one to name viruses. His work with rabies produced what breakthrough? He A. discover that viruses could be RNA or DNA. B. developed a vaccine for rabies patient. C. was the first to see a virus under a microscope. D. first to determine the life cycle of a virus. 11. When an enveloped animal virus enters a cell during the entry stage, A. next thing it does is assemble a new virus. B.envelope is removed after the virus is inside the cell. C. the protein capsid is removed through uncoating to expose the viral genome. D. it immediately integrates its nucleic acid genome into the host chromosomes. 12. Which of the following associations is correct? A. herpesvirus—chicken pox B. Epstein-Barr virus—herpes C. viroid—shingles D. prion—influenza E. HIV—chicken pox 13. Influenza strains that sweep around the world often carry names such as Shanghai H 1N1 or Mexico City H2N2. The viruses vary in H and N surface spikes because A. the viruses reproduce on their own and attack people in cities more often. B. these viruses emerged as stray DNA from the genomes of people in these cities. C. this is where the antibodies of people began to break down and the old virus was again virulent. D. infected people develop immunity to the original strain, and strains that mutate sufficiently to be outside the range of immunity are soon spread in highly populated areas. 14. Naked strands of RNA not covered by a capsid are

A. archaea. B. retroviruses. C. viroids. D. prions. 15. Some human diseases appear to be due to protein agents that may convert other normal proteins in the cell to also become these agents. This new disease protein agent is called a(n) A. archeon. B. prion. C. cyanobacterium. D. phage. 16. Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), or "mad cow disease," is caused by a(n) A. archeon. B. bacterium. C. cyanobacterium. D. prion. 17. Which statement is NOT true about prion diseases? A. Prions are believed to cause Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). B. Prions lack a nucleus but must form DNA/RNA at some time in order to replicate. C. Prions are misshapen proteins that cause other proteins to change shape. D. Mad cow disease (BSE) is spread by consumption of cattle feed contaminated with prions. 18. A new classification by domains separates prokaryotes into A. Archaea and Cyanobacteria. B. Bacteria and Cyanobacteria. C. photosynthetic and chemosynthetic bacteria.D. Archaea and Bacteria. 19. What is the evolutionary relationship among archaea, bacteria, and eukarya? A. Since archaea are the most primitive, archaean ancestors gave rise to bacteria that in turn gave rise to eukaryotes. B. All three domains are equally distant from the most primitive common ancestor, a protocell. C. Archaea and eukarya share nucleic acid similarities, so eukarya split off from archaea. D. Bacterial ancestors gave rise to both archaea and to eukaryotes as two separate side branches. 20. Which of the following organisms is considered a microbe? A. bacteria B. snail C. eagle D. oak tree E. roundworm 21. What general feature is necessary to consider an organism a microbe? A. small so a microscope is needed B. multicellular C. heterotrophic D. sexual reproduction 22. Which of the following is a benefit of microbes? A. break down organic molecules B. Various microbes help protect us from harmful microbes. C. aid in digestion D. synthesize vitamins K and B12 E. All of them 23. Which statement is NOT true about bacteria? A. They lack mitochondria. B. They lack a nucleus but contain DNA. C. They reproduce sexually. D. They occur in three basic shapes. 24. The three shapes of bacteria are A. haplontic, diplontic, and alternations. B. anaerobic, aerobic, and facultative. C. heterotrophic, autotrophic, and chemosynthetic. D. bacillus, coccus, and spirillum. 25. The response of bacteria that allows to be identified as Gram-positive or negative is due to A. the type of DNA or RNA they contain. B. their ability or lack of ability to fix nitrogen. C. whether they are aerobic or anaerobic. D. cell walls have a thin or thick peptidoglycan. 26. Which statement is true about bacteria? A. They contain a nucleus. B. They lack ribosomes. C. They usually lack a cell wall. D. They divide sexually. E. They contain a single, circular DNA molecule as the genetic material. 27. Bacterial cells pick up free pieces of DNA from the medium pieces that were released from dead bacteria in a process called A. transformation. B. transduction. C. conjugation. D. infection. E. replication. 28. One bacteria can pass DNA to a second one to become resistant to antibiotics through a sex pilus in the process of A. transformation. B. transduction. C. conjugation. D. infection. E. replication. 29. To be an effective antibiotic or chemotherapeutic agent, it is necessary A. not to kill the human host or cause allergic reactions. B. to be able to kill a bacterial cell only. C. not to kill the human host or cause allergic reactions AND to be able to kill a bacterial cell only.

D. to change the genome of the bacterial disease agent. 30. Although microbes are often equated with pathogens, not all are pathogenic and some help humans maintain their health. Which are synthesized by bacteria that live in the human intestine? A. folic acid and vitamin B12 B. insulin and vitamin K C. lipids and folic acid D. vitamin K and lipids E. vitamins K and B12 31. Bacteria can be beneficial in all but which of the following ways? A. They can be used to clean up an oil spill in a process called bioremediation. B. They can be used in industry to generate products, particularly in food processing. C. They are present on the skin and help crowd out harmful bacteria. D. They are the primary producers of most ecosystems. 32. Bacteria cause diseases in humans when they A. rearrange genes of the host to code for specific virulence factors that determine the illness. B. carry same genes as the host organism, causing them to be indistinguishable from the host cell. C. carry the genes that code for virulent factors, causing them to be more harmful to humans. D. carry genes that allow them to become symbiotes. 33. Which genus of bacteria causes more diseases in humans than any other? A. E. coli B. Staphylococcus C. Streptococcus D. Mycobacterium E. Clostridium 34. Pathogenic bacteria are becoming increasingly deadly as A. humans refuse to wash their hands frequently enough. B. antibiotic resistance builds when more and more humans take unnecessary antibiotics. C. they pick up genes from humans, allowing them to fool the immune system. D. humans lose their natural immunity to many pathogens through lack of exposure. 35. Which type of prokaryotes are able to live in the most extreme environments? A. cyanobacteria B. anaerobic bacteria C. archaea D. heterotrophic 36. The archaea include all of the following EXCEPT the A. methanogens. B. lichens. C. halophiles. D. thermoacidophiles. 37. Which relationship is NOT correct? A. halobacteria—high salt concentration B. thermoacidophiles—cold Antarctic ice C. methanogens—swamps and marshes D. cyanobacteria—photosynthesis 38. Metabolically, the archaea are A. photosynthetic. B. not metabolically active. C. heterotrophic and some are autotrophic as well. D. parasitic. 39. How are the archaea different from bacteria? Archaea A. show the earliest form of photosynthetic ability. B. lack the plasma mebrane C. aave a branched lipid monolayer D. have evolved more advanced metabolism than bacteria. 40. Which group does NOT have members that cause human disease? A. archaea B. bacteria C. fungi D. prions 41. Which feature is lacking in the cell wall of archaea that will distinguish them from the bacteria? A. peptidoglycan B. phospholipids C. proteins D. polysaccharides 42. What feature enables the archaea to survive in harsh environments? A. their plasma membranes and cell walls B. their metabolism C. the ability to form multicellular organisms D. their reproductive capabilities

Protista 1. Single-celled eukaryotes belong to the kingdom A. Prokaryotae. B. Protista. C. Archaea. D. Plantae. E. Animalia. 2. Which features set most of the members of protista apart from the rest of the kingdoms? A. unicellular and microscopic B. multicellular and microscopic C. photosynthetic and unicellular D. heterotrophic and multicellular 3. Protist reproduction is A. is asexual only. B. sexual only. C. neither sexual nor asexual. D. both sexual & asexual. 4. The kingdom Protista includes all of the following kinds of organisms EXCEPT A. protozoa. B. algae. C. water molds. D. yeasts. E. slime molds. 5. Which protist is NOT correctly linked to the type of movement it shows? A. amoeboids—pseudopodia B. ciliates—cilia C. zooflagellates—flagella D. sporozoa—flexing E. Paramecium—cilia 6. Which is NOT part of the correct description of a protozoan? A. heterotrophic B. multicellular C. usually motile D. use an eyespot to detect light 7. Which of the following organisms move about by means of pseudopodia? A. Plasmodium B. trypanosome C. Amoeba D. Chlamydomonas 8. Which includes the parasites that cause African sleeping sickness? A. sporozoa B. flagellates C. slime molds D. diatoms E. ciliates 9. A member of the sporozoan group of protists that can cause diseases is A. Amoeba B. Plasmodium C. Chlamydomonas. D. Penicillium. 10. Which form of protist has a complicated parasitic life cycle that nearly always involves the production of infective spores? A. sporozoans B. zooflagellates C. slime molds D. diatoms 11. The most important human parasite sporozoa is ____, the causative agent of malaria. A. Plasmodium B. trypanosome C. Amoeba D. Chlamydomonas 12. The ____ algae are closely related to the first plants because they share most characteristics. A. brown B. red C. green D. white 13. Why are green algae placed in the Protista while plants are placed in a separate kingdom? A. green algae use chlorophyll a, while plants use chlorophyll b. B. Green algae have a cell wall of chitin, while plants have cell walls of cellulose. C. Plants enclose and protect the embryo within the seed, while green algae do not. D. All plants are vascular, while all green algae are nonvascular. 14. An example of a colonial green alga is A. Ulva. B. Chlamydomonas. C. Volvox. D. Spirogyra. 15. An example of a filamentous green alga is A. Ulva. B. Chlamydomonas. C. Volvox. D. Spirogyra. 16. Diatoms have elaborate shells made of A. carbon. B. magnesium. C. plastic. D. silica. 17. Which is grouped with the algae? A. sporozoa B. zooflagellates C. slime molds D. diatoms 18. Which type of organism causes a "red tide"? A. euglenoids B. water molds C. brown algae D. green algae E. dinaflagellates 19. A rapid increase in the population of ____ can often lead to an event known as a "red tide." A. diatoms B. dinaflagellates C. red algae D. brown algae 20. Which organisms exist in a plasmodial form that is a diploid cytoplasmic mass? A. sporozoa B. zooflagellates C. slime molds D. diatoms E. ciliates

21. Water molds are not placed with the fungi because A. unlike fungi, water molds are saprotrophic. B. water molds have cell walls of cellulose, while fungi have cell walls of chitin. C. water molds grow only in water. D. adult water molds are diploid, while adult fungi are haploid. 22. Which of the following is NOT a fungus? A. mushroom B. yeast C. ringworm D. mold E. amoeba 23. Molds (except slime and water molds) and mushrooms belong to the kingdom A. Archaea. B. Protists. C. Fungi. D. Plantae. 24. ____ are mostly saprotrophic decomposers that assist in recycling of nutrients in ecosystems. A. Algae B. Viruses C. Fungi D. Protozoans 25. The kingdom characterized by having filaments called hyphae used to absorb nutrients is: A. Archaea B. Protista C. Fungi D. Animalia 26. In what way are fungi like heterotrophic bacteria? A. both produce gametes. B. both heterotrophic and play an important role in ecosystems. C. both have cell walls of the same material. D. are both photosynthetic and thus are producers. 27. Fungi are NOT photosynthetic because they lack A. sporangium. B. xylem. C. cell walls. D. chloroplasts. 28. Which of the following are NOT grouped with the Protista but instead a fungi? A. protozoans B. algae C. slime molds D. black bread mold 29. In time, bread becomes stale and grows mold on the exposed surfaces. Why does mold not begin growing inside the bread loaf? A. Mold can grow only on dry surfaces. B. Only molds at surface of bread can get oxygen to respire. C. Mold actually begins from anywhere inside but produces colored spores only at the surface. D. Bread was sterilized when baking and after mold spores settle only on the outside of the bread. 30. Rhizopus stolonifer (black bread mold) is more likely to grow on home-baked bread than on store bought bread. The most likely reason for this is A. the store bought bread has been refrigerated, while the home-baked bread has not. B. home-baked bread is more likely to contain chemical preservatives than store bought bread. C. store bought bread is more likely to contain chemical preservatives than home-baked bread. D. home ingredients are more likely to contain fungal spores. 31. When the cap of an average gilled mushroom is cut off and shaken, a cloud of powdery material is released. The material released are A. mycelia. B. sporangia. C. hyphae. D. spores. E. seeds. 32. The relationship between the fungi and algae in lichens is best described as A. mutually beneficial B. complete mixing of the genomes . C. an endosymbiotic transfer of the chloroplasts of algae to the hyphae cells. D. parasitism wherein the fungi withdraw food from the algae and the algae can grow better alone. 33. Crustose, fruticose, and foliose obtain their nutrients from photosynthetic cells contained within their middle layer. These are varieties of A. rusts and smuts. B. mushrooms. C. yeasts. D. lichens. 34. Which organisms form lichens? A. archaea and algae B. archaea and fungi C. cyanobacteria- algae D. cyanobacteria and fungi 35. Which statement is NOT true about cyanobacteria? A. They were formerly called blue-green algae. B. Some release sulfur during photosynthesis. C. They can combine with fungi to form lichens.D. They are eukaryotic like fungi....