Questions and Answers Stat. Part 1 PDF

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Statistics Part 1 - Introduction to Statistics first part...

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Statistics questions A company packed 8 dark chocolates in a box of 32 assorted chocolates. Which of these does NOT represent inferential statistics? a.) 25% of the chocolates packed in a day are dark chocolates. b.) 25% of the chocolates manufactured in a batch are dark chocolates. c.) 25% of the chocolates in a box are dark chocolates. d.) 25% of the chocolates manufactured in a factory are dark chocolates. A bakery owner asked 150 customers to taste a new type of cookie and found that 60 people liked its taste. Which of these is an example of descriptive statistics? a.) 40% of all people like the taste of the cookie. b.) 40% of the people in the city where the bakery is located like the taste of the cookie. c.) 40% of all the bakery's customers like the taste of the cookie. d.) 40% of the surveyed customers like the taste of the cookie. A survey on Internet usage was conducted among a group of 200 students in the school cafeteria. It was found that 100 students spend at least two hours online every day. Which of these is an example of descriptive statistics? a.) 50% of the students surveyed spend at least two hours online each day. b.) 50% of the students in the school spend at least two hours online each day. c.) 50% of the students in a class spend at least two hours online each day. d.) 50% of the students in the cafeteria spend at least two hours online each day. f numbers collected from a survey are measurements, what are these measurements called before you perform any calculations? a.) peer-reviewed data b.) raw data c.) biased data d.) available data If you are using new information in a survey that was not collected during previous surveys, you will be using _______ to gauge customer satisfaction. a.) raw data b.) available data c.) biased data d.) peer-reviewed data You find some public records about customer satisfaction in the company's archive. What type of data is this called? a.) available data b.) biased data c.) peer-reviewed data d.) raw data

Select the two categories that would yield qualitative data. a.) Pet's purchase price b.) Age of pet c.) Type of pet d.) Color of pet e.) Pet owner's monthly income Select the two categories that would yield quantitative data. a.) Gender of pet b.) Color of pet c.) Age of pet d.) Weight of pet e.) Type of pet The amount spent on pet food each month is an example of _____ data. a.) quantitative b.) ordinal c.) nominal d.) qualitative Which of these data sets represent continuous data? a.) Monthly salaries of employees b.) Number of questions answered correctly in a multiple-choice quiz c.) Numbers of tickets sold for a football game d.) Heights of members of a baseball team Which of these data sets represent discrete data? a.) Time spent in running 1 mile b.) Snowfall that fell last night in Maine c.) Number of questions answered incorrectly in a multiple-choice quiz d.) Temperature readings for Tuesday afternoon Which of these data sets does NOT represent continuous data? a.) Gender of students in a college b.) Heights of trees at a nursery c.) Weights of potatoes in a sack d.) Rainfall readings during a week A production company is interested in collecting information on the impact of an educational documentary on everyone that watched it at the film festival. Which statement is true? a.) The group of people that watched the documentary at the festival is the sample. b.) The production company is the sample.

c.) The production company represents the population. d.) The group of people that watched the documentary at the festival represents the population. A dealership is trying to understand its customers better. A survey was conducted among 100 customers to determine their favorite color for a sedan. Which statement is true? a.) The 100 people surveyed represent the sample. b.) All people who purchased a car from the car dealer represent the sample. c.) All people who purchased a car from the car dealer last year represent the population. d.) The 100 people surveyed represent the population. A researcher is interested in researching weekly earnings in large cities across the country. A survey was conducted among 100 residents in a city to determine their weekly earnings. Which statement is true? a.) The surveyed residents are the population. b.) The residents in the city are the sample. c.) The surveyed residents are the sample. d.) The residents in the city are the population. Which of these random samples qualifies as a representative sample if studying the opinion of people who use online shopping websites? a.) Retailers who sell their products online b.) Consumers who do not shop online c.) Consumers who order products online d.) Employees of the online shopping websites

Which of these random samples qualifies as a representative sample if studying the opinion of the attendees to a business seminar? a.) 35 people whose businesses are related to the topics discussed at the seminar b.) 35 people who attended the seminar c.) 35 people who spoke at the seminar d.) 35 people from the company that organized the seminar Which of these random samples qualifies as a representative sample to find out what parents think about the levels of college tuition fees in the state? a.) 50 parents of college students from another state b.) 50 parents of college students from the state c.) 50 residents of a city in the state d.) 50 residents of a county in the state Which of these is an example of a systematic random sample? a.) Selecting every 20th person in a line of 200 moviegoers. b.) Selecting 4 balls from a bag containing 20 balls.

c.) Picking out 10 names from a bag containing names of 50 students. d.) Selecting all the students in a class of 30. Which of these examples best represents a simple random sample? a.) Using a name generator to pick out 20 names from a group of 100 students. b.) Selecting every 15th person in a group of 100 volunteers. c.) Selecting all the students in a group of 50 students. d.) Picking out the names of every 10th person from a group of 200 people who drive a car. Which of these is an example of systematic random sample? a.) Selecting one card from a deck of 52 well-shuffled cards. b.) Choosing 10 marbles from a jar containing 40 marbles. c.) Picking out 10 names from a group of 50 students. d.) Picking out the telephone number of every 20th person from a directory. Which of these statements best explains cluster sampling? a.) In the cluster sampling method, elements are randomly selected from the total population. b.) In the cluster sampling method, population is broken into groups and then elements are randomly selected in proportion from each group. c.) In the cluster sampling method, total population is roughly divided into groups based on location and a simple random sample of the groups is taken. d.) The cluster sampling method is a combination of random sampling techniques. Which of these statements best defines a stratified random sample? a.) It is a sample where the population is divided into roughly equal groups, and then elements are randomly selected from each group. b.) It is a sample where the population is first broken into homogenous groups and then elements are randomly selected, in proportion, from each group. c.) It is a sample in which every element has the same chance of being selected from the total population. d.) It is a sample where every nth element of the population is selected in a sequence Select the statement regarding cluster sampling that is FALSE. a.) Every element of some groups is included in the sample. b.) The total population is divided into groups. c.) Some of the groups are randomly selected. d.) Every element of the total population has an equal probability of being selected. Which of these approaches is generally done in a multi-stage sample? a.) A sample is made by randomly picking out elements from the total population. b.) The population is subdivided into smaller and smaller clusters which are then sampled. c.) The total population is divided into groups and then some groups are randomly selected. d.) A sample is made by randomly picking every nth element of the total population. Which of these is an example of multi-stage sampling?

a.) Choosing New York as a sample, then selecting a sample of zip codes within New York, then sampling the names of people living in those zip codes. b.) Dividing the total population of New York into groups and then selecting people in proportion from these groups. c.) Randomly selecting elements from the entire population of New York d.) Dividing the population of New York into groups and then making simple random samples from those groups. Which of these is an example of multi-stage sampling? a.) Randomly selecting households from the entire population of Florida. b.) Choosing Florida as a sample, then selecting a sample of school districts within Florida, then sampling the number of children in households living in those areas. c.) Dividing the total population of Florida into groups and then selecting households in proportion from these groups. d.) Dividing the population of Florida into groups and then making simple random samples of those groups. Which of the following is an advantage that is unique only to experiments? a.) Experimenters can reference sample data to draw inferences about the population. b.) Experimenters can work with a sample that represents the population as a whole. c.) Experimenters can use the data to draw cause and effect relationships. d.) Experimenters can observe and record information of interest. Select the statement that expresses an approach used with observational studies. a.) "We took all those notes. We recorded customer counts, menus, food prices, even the general atmosphere of the food truck environment." b.) "Next week, let's send out a coupon for 25% off any menu item to see if we get more customers." c.) "We can test out locations for a brick and mortar by moving our truck. I mean, we have our social media page that gives our daily locations, but what if we found a location we like for a brick and mortar and see if our customers follow us there?" d.) "I think asking questions and collecting the information we want from our population sample is a good start." Select the statement that expresses an approach used with experiments. a.) The researcher should have control over all of the variables. b.) The researcher should have control over exactly one variable. c.) The researcher should not have control over any variable. d.) The researcher should have control over some of the variables If you were to track coffee preferences among your co-workers for the next two weeks, which type of statistical study would you be performing? a.) Prospective study b.) Experiment c.) Case control study

d.) Retrospective study Following a group of truck drivers and noting the number of miles traveled for one year refers to which type of statistical study? a.) Prospective study b.) Experiment c.) Retrospective study d.) Case control study Which of these situations best describes a retrospective observational study? a.) A student flipping a coin and analyzing its outcomes. b.) A clinical researcher giving a medicine to a person and analyzing its effects. c.) A doctor analyzing the medical history of a person. d.) A company using different promotions and analyzing its sales Which of these situations best describes randomization? a.) Drawing a black card from a well-shuffled standard deck of 52 cards. b.) Repeating the same cancer treatment for 100 patients to get a larger sample. c.) Regulating the amount of sunlight that enters a greenhouse. d.) Changing the number of coins used in an experiment involving coin tosses. Which of these is true for the control group in an experiment? a.) It is exposed to the factor under consideration and all other external influences are varied. b.) It is not exposed to the factor under consideration and all other external influences are held constant. c.) It is exposed to the factor under consideration and all other external influences are held constant. d.) It is not exposed to the factor under consideration and all other external influences are varied. Analyzing the results of rolling a fair die 100 times refers to which of these principles? a.) Treatment b.) Control c.) Randomization d.) Replication Which of these statements is NOT true regarding a randomized block design experiment? a.) This design has an advantage of controlling for variables that might confound the response. b.) Elements are randomly selected from equal-sized blocks of the total population. c.) The elements are randomly allocated to treatment and control groups. d.) The sample is divided into participants or subjects and then grouped by a variable of interest. Which of these statements best describes a randomized block design experiment? a.) In this experiment, a sample is divided roughly into some groups and then some of the groups are randomly selected. b.) In this experiment, the subjects are divided into homogeneous blocks and a treatment is assigned to every element of the block.

c.) In this experiment, the subjects are divided into groups by a variable of interest and the elements are then randomly allocated to treatment and control groups within these groups. d.) In this experiment, closely matched elements are paired, and then one of them is put in the treatment group and the other in the control group. Which of these statements is true regarding a randomized block design experiment? a.) The total population is randomly divided into groups of equal size and a treatment is assigned to each group. b.) Random allocation of treatment and control groups is done within the divided groups. c.) Every nth element is selected out of the total population. d.) The probability of every element being selected from the total population is the same. Select the FALSE statement about completely random design. a.) The additional variables affect different control groups differently. b.) Any number of treatments may be addressed. c.) Subjects are randomly assigned to treatments. d.) It minimizes the effects of confounding variables. Select the TRUE statement for completely random design. a.) The experimental units are assigned randomly to one or more control groups and exactly one treatment group. b.) The experimental units are assigned randomly to exactly one control group and one treatment group. c.) The experimental units are assigned randomly to exactly one control group and one or more treatment groups. d.) The experimental units are assigned randomly to one or more control groups and one or more treatment groups. Select the FALSE statement about completely random design. a.) The test subjects are first broken into groups based on a certain variable of interest before being assigned to each treatment condition. b.) This design is the easiest way of assigning individuals to a treatment group. c.) This design can lead to disproportionate results. d.) The test subjects are assigned to treatment levels of the primary factor at random. Which of these statements is true for a matched-pair design? a.) The matched elements within different pairs are randomly assigned to different treatments. b.) The matched elements within each pair are assigned to the same treatment. c.) The matched elements within each pair are randomly assigned to different treatments. d.) The matched elements within different pairs are randomly assigned to the same treatment. Which of these statements about a matched-pair design is FALSE? a.) Treatments are randomly applied to one element of each pair. b.) The matched pair must contain two distinct subjects.

c.) Possible confounding variables are controlled by matching as many characteristics as possible. d.) Elements within each pair are randomly selected. Which of these statements best describes a matched-pair design? a.) A design in which the total population is divided into homogeneous blocks and a treatment is assigned to every element of the block. b.) A design in which the total population is randomly divided into groups of equal size and a treatment is assigned to each group. c.) A design in which an entire sample is divided into pairs, and then the pairs are matched together at random. d.) A design in which only two treatments are tested on pairs of similar subjects. Which of the following is an example of a survey? a.) A clothing store owner asks questions to collect information from the population by taking a sample of his customers. b.) A general manager of a restaurant records customer counts and food prices to determine what changes need to be made. c.) A food truck owner tests out different locations for a brick and mortar by using the business's Facebook page to promote the daily location. d.) An owner of a local pizza shop offers two new toppings to see which sells the most at the end of the day. Which of the following is NOT an example of a survey? a.) A high school student council is determining the new mascot for the school. Five students from each grade are asked what they would want as the mascot. b.) Every 50th person listed in a neighborhood directory was emailed and asked about their favorite genre of music. c.) A cell phone company randomly called 200 customers and asked about customer satisfaction. d.) A nutritionist is studying the relationship between eating carbohydrates and gaining weight. The nutritionist recorded the diets and weights of 10 people for a year. Which of the following is NOT an example of a survey? a.) A school is planning a field trip for all its students. Ten students are randomly selected from each grade and are asked where they want to go for the field trip. b.) Every 100th person listed in the telephone directory was called and asked about their all-time favorite cartoon character. c.) A researcher is trying to determine if there is a relationship between the type of plant fertilizer used and the plant height. The researcher examined records for the past three years at a nearby greenhouse. d.) A human resources manager at a large company asked 50 employees in each department to rate the company on employee satisfaction. Which of these represents a blind experiment? a.) Asking a group of girls to compare the tastes of chocolate without revealing the names of the brands. b.) Asking a group of adults about the candidate they will vote for in the presidential elections.

c.) Asking a group of car drivers to choose their favorite car from a list of 10 cars. d.) Asking a group of students about their favorite movie from a list of five movies. Which of these represents a blind experiment? a.) Asking a group of children to choose their favorite toy from a bin containing different toys. b.) Asking a group of students about their favorite TV show from a list of eight TV shows. c.) Asking a group of adults to compare the taste of coffee without revealing the names of the brands. d.) Asking a group of students to choose their favorite field trip location from a list of five field trip options Which of these is an example of a blind experiment? a.) Asking a group of students about the candidate they will vote for in the school elections. b.) Asking a group of kids to choose their favorite candy from a jar containing different candies. c.) Asking a group of students to compare the tastes of different brands of potato chips without revealing the names of the brands. d.) Asking a group of students about their favorite sports from a list containing names of 10 sports. By accident, Janae has been making decaffeinated coffee for her co-workers for the entire week. But some of her co-workers have claimed that the extra boost of caffeine has helped them focus on their work. What does the placebo effect mean in this specific situation? a.) The co-workers get a benefit from the "treatment" (coffee, although decaffeinated) since they also drink coffee at the coffee shop across the street during breaks. b.) The benefit is the result of the "control" (coffee, although decaffeinated) and not an effect of the "active ingredient" (caffeine). c.) The benefit is the result of the fact that the "treatment" (coffee, although decaffeinated) contains another "active ingredient" besides caffeine. d.) The benefit is due to the fact that the co-workers are given a ...