Quiz 1 - questions and answers PDF

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quizlet/21845933/chapter-18-jones-flash-cards/quizlet/13572324/final-exam-flash-cards/quizlet/13572324/flashcardsquizlet/10290150/pathophysiology-ch-18-study-guide-flash-cards/good site for patho questions and answersQuestion 1 Compensation mechanism for decreased cardiac output in cases of congesti...

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http://quizlet.com/21845933/chapter-18-jones-flash-cards/ http://quizlet.com/13572324/final-exam-flash-cards/ https://quizlet.com/13572324/flashcards http://quizlet.com/10290150/pathophysiology-ch-18-study-guide-flash-cards/ good site for patho questions and answers Question 1 1. Compensation mechanism for decreased cardiac output in cases of congestive heart failure includes A. decreased coagulability of blood B. increased urinary output C. slow cardiac contractions D. reduced erythropoietin release E. increased production of renin and aldosterone

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Question 2 1. Excessive fluid in the pericardial space can cause A. reduced venous return B. increased stroke volume

C. abnormal direction of blood flow through the heart D. increased cardiac contractility E. malfunction of the AV valves

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Question 3 1. Long-term hypertension is not a risk factor for

A. cerebral haemorrhage B. ischaemic heart disease C. left ventricular failure D. renal failure E. deep leg vein thrombosis

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Question 4 1. Which of the following processes is responsible for enlargement of heart muscle in chronic hypertension? A. hypertrophy

B. hyperplasia C. dysplasia D. oedema E. ischaemia

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Question 5 1. Underfilling of the systemic circulation is not a main mechanism in ____________ shock. A. Hypovolaemic NO B. Haemorrhagic NO C. Anaphylactic NO D. Neurogenic NO E. cardiogenic

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Question 6 1. When stroke volume decreases, which of the following could maintain cardiac output? A. increased perfusion of the kidneys

B. decreased peripheral resistance C. increased heart rate D. generalised vasodilation E. decreased venous return

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Question 7 1. Infective endocarditis A. usually develops as a complication of myocardial infarction B. typically affects heart valves C. is generally caused by viruses NO D. leads to accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity NO E. can lead to development of cardiac tamponade

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Question 8 1. Important finding supporting diagnosis of heart failure is A. reduced ejection fraction on ultrasonography

B. increased pO2 in blood C. presence of ventricular ectopic beats on ECG D. reduced cardiac creatine kinase level in blood E. positive D-dimer blood test

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Question 9 1. Which of the following is typical of chronic bronchitis? A. formation of bullae on the lung surface B. marked dilations of bronchi C. fibrosis of the bronchial wall D. accumulation of IgE in airway walls E. decreased activity of the mucous glands

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Question 10 1. Which of the following is unlikely to cause hypoxaemia and central cyanosis? A. serious pneumonia

B. non-infective pericarditis C. status asthmaticus (severe asthma attack) NO D. serious pulmonary embolism E. pulmonary oedema NO

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Question 11 1. The main abnormality in mitral insufficiency is A. restricted ventricular wall stretching and filling with blood NO B. abnormal flow of blood from left ventricle to right ventricle NO C. abnormal flow of blood from LV to LA during ventricular systole D. significantly narrowed semilunar valves NO E. regurgitation of blood from aorta into LV NO

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Question 12 1. The most common cause of death immediately following a myocardial infarction is A. left ventricle ruptures

B. ventricular fibrillation develops C. parasympathetic stimulation depresses the SA node D. aortic valve fails permanently NO E. blocked coronary artery bursts NO

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Question 13 1. Pericarditis could cause a reduction in cardiac output as a result of which of the following? A. incompetent valves, which allow regurgitation of blood B. myocardial ischaemia due to widespread atherosclerosis C. weak myocardial contractions due to friction D. excess fluid in the pericardial cavity, which decreases ventricular filling E. delays in the conduction system, interfering with normal cardiac rhythm

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Question 14 1. Which statement about cystic fibrosis is incorrect? A. it is often associated with bronchiectasis NO

B. diagnosis is generally not established until late adulthood C. it is a multisystem disease D. it is an inherited condition NO E. mucous produced in the airways is excessively thick NO

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Question 15 1. The process responsible for development of oedema in acute inflammation is A. embolism B. chemotaxis C. exudation D. ischaemia E. thrombosis

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Question 16 1. Airway obstruction in asthma can be caused by all of the following except A. contraction of bronchial smooth muscle No

B. presence of fluid in alveoli C. increased mucus production in airways NO D. oedema of bronchial mucosa NO E. increased airway wall thickness NO

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Question 17 1. What causes the expanded anteroposterior thoracic diameter (barrel chest) in patients with emphysema? A. persistent coughing to remove mucus B. increased lung compliance C. loss of elasticity of the chest wall D. compression on the lungs by the diaphragm E. excessive air trapping in alveolar spaces

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Question 18 1. All of the following can produce restrictive lung condition except A. restrictive cardiomyopathy

B. muscular dystrophies NO C. chronic extrinsic allergic alveolitis NO D. Pneumoconiosis NO E. idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis NO

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Question 19 1. Which of the following statements is correct? A. tissue affected by congestion is warm and red NO B. congestion leads to increased blood hydrostatic pressure C. right sided heart failure typically causes pulmonary congestion NO D. tissue affected by hyperaemia is cyanotic NO E. hyperaemia results from vasoconstriction NO

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Question 20 1. Varicose ulcers are generally slow to heal because of A. arterial blood supply to the area is decreased

B. arterial vasodilation in the area C. venous atherosclerosis reduces venous blood flow D. stenotic venous valves block flow of venous blood E. reduced oxygenation of blood in the lungs

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Question 21 1. The normal delay in electrical conduction through the AV node in the heart is essential for A. allowing AV valves to close B. completing ventricular filling C. allowing the ventricles to contract before the atria D. preventing an excessively rapid heart rate E. limiting the time for a myocardial contraction

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Question 22 1. The presence of squamous epithelium in the respiratory airways of a person with a history of heavy smoking is called? A. chronic inflammation

B. dysplasia C. metaplasia D. steatosis E. coagulative necrosis

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Question 23 1. Heart failure that develops as a result of long standing systemic hypertension is generally due to A. ventricular outflow obstruction B. decreased systemic vascular resistance C. idiopathic cardiomyopathy D. ventricular volume overload E. ventricular inflow obstruction

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Question 24 1. How does total obstruction of the airway lead to atelectasis? A. air is absorbed from the alveoli distal to the obstruction

B. lung tissue is compressed by air in the pleural cavity C. decreased surfactant production impairs lung expansion D. alveolar walls are destroyed distal to the obstruction E. air continues to be inspired but is trapped distal to the obstruction

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Question 25 1. Why does cor pulmonale develop with chronic pulmonary disease? A. the right ventricle pumps more blood than the left ventricle B. pulmonary fibrosis and vasoconstriction increase vascular resistance C. too much blood comes back from the lungs D. demands on the left ventricle are excessive E. thrombosis occurs in pulmonary circulation

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Question 26 1. Which of the following descriptions is consistent with pleuritic pain? A. burning, scalding pain that radiates into the throat no

B. unilateral, sharp, stabbing pain worse on inspiration/coughing C. constant, severe, crushing, substernal pain no D. deep, dull and poorly localised chest pain E. tightness, heaviness or constriction in the chest NO

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Question 27 1. Which of the following would not be expected in right heart failure? A. paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea B. liver congestion no C. distended neck veins no D. peripheral dependant oedema no E. Ascites Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea can be accompanied by swelling of the feet or ankles. It's caused by congestion (excessive or abnormal accumulation of blood) in the lungs, perhaps along with accumulation of excess fluid in the lungs (pulmonary edema), which occurs as a result of left-sided heart failure.

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Question 28 1. Rheumatic heart disease usually manifests in later years as

A. essential hypertension B. mural thrombosis and systemic embolism C. ventricular aneurysm D. pericarditis and pericardial rub E. cardiac arrhythmias and heart murmurs

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Question 29 1. Pulmonary oedema can cause hypoxia because of A. decreased diffusion of carbon dioxide into the blood B. leakage of oxygen into the pulmonary cavity C. reduced concentration of haemoglobin in blood D. widespread bonchoconstriction E. reduced lung compliance

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Question 30 1. Which of the following is increased in progressive emphysema? A. gas exchange membrane surface NO B. forced expiratory volume NO C. tidal volume D. vital capacity E. residual lung volume emphysema is due to inflammatory process affecting alveoli

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Question 31 1. Which of the following statements about chronic bronchitis is FALSE A. unlike asthma it does not respond well to bronchodilators B. it is mediated by type I hypersensitivity reaction ASTHMA C. it is characterised by reduced FVC NO

D. it can lead to right ventricular failure no E. it can coexist with emphysema NO

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Question 32 1. Growth and development of a child with cystic fibrosis may be delayed because of A. mucus plugs obstructing the flow of pancreatic enzymes B. deficit of gastric enzymes for protein digestion C. abnormal salivary secretions D. loss of too much electrolytes in sweat E. increased production of protein-rich sputum

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Question 33 1. Choose the incorrect statement regarding ischemic heart disease. A. cardiac stress test with ECG is used in diagnosis of angina NO B. typical ECG change in acute MI is elevated ST segment NO C. troponin-T and troponin-I are characteristically elevated in acute MI NO

D. acute MI is usually caused by ruptured coronary aneurysm E. angina is caused by transient myocardial ischaemia

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Question 34 1. One complication of emphysema is A. pleural effusion NO B. cystic fibrosis NO C. spontaneous pneumothorax D. allergic alveolitis ASTHMA E. pulmonary fibrosis NO

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Question 35 1. Which factor usually causes metabolic acidosis to develop in association with hypoxia? A. compensation by the kidneys B. increased blood volume C. liver dysfunction

D. anaerobic metabolism E. failure to excrete carbon dioxide

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Question 36 1. What is the acid-base status of a patient with the following values for arterial blood gases: serum bicarbonate 36.5 mmol/L (normal range: 22-28) pCO2 75 mm Hg (normal range: 35-45) and serum pH 7.0? pCO2 = partial pressure of carbon dioxide. A. respiratory acidosis B. metabolic alkalosis C. respiratory alkalosis D. hyperventilation E. metabolic acidosis

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Question 37 1. _______________ develops as a consequence of pneumothorax. A. lung atelectasis B. extrinsic allergic alveolitis

C. bronchiectasis D. filling of alveolar spaces with fluid E. pneumoconiosis

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Question 38 1. Cyanosis of the affected leg can occur in DVT because of A. accumulation of deoxygenated haemoglobin (congestion) B. decreased level of haemoglobin in blood C. developing anaemia D. increased inflow of arterial blood No E. decreased capillary pressure NO

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Question 39 1. Which of the following is a manifestation of a closed pneumothorax? A. prominent wheezing on the affected side B. decreased respiratory rate

C. presence of fluid in alveoli on the affected side D. asymmetrical chest movements E. increased breath sounds on the affected side

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Question 40 1. In which of the following locations atherosclerosis would not be expected? A. descending aorta no B. femoral vein C. renal arteries no D. cerebral arteries E. coronary circulation no

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Vital capacity = The maximum volume of air a person can exhale after a maximum

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inspiration is termed the Which of the following describes lobar pneumonia? sudden onset of fever and chills, with rales and rusty sputum...