Quiz 2020, questions and answers PDF

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Sampl eUni t s1_2Qui z 1. Dr . Smyt hebe l i e v e st ha ti nor de rt ounde r s t a ndc ompl e t e l ys uc hc ompl e xpr oc e s s e s a st a s t e , f ore xa mpl e ,i ti sne c e s s a r yt ounde r s t a ndt hepur pos et ha tt a s t epl a y si n s ur vi v a l , nott hee l e me nt a r yc ompone nt st ha tc ombi net opr oduc et a s t es e ns a t i ons .Dr . Smyt he ' svi e wsa r emos tc ons i s t e ntwi t ht he_____ _____a ppr oa c h.    

a . be ha vi our i s t b .f unc t i onal i s t c .s t r u c t ur a l i s t d. ps y c hoa na l yt i c

CORRECTANSWER:b QUESREFERENCE:( p. 6) 2. Dr .Va s que zha sf oundt ha tma n yAs i a nsf e e lunc omf or t a bl ewi t ht hee x pr e s s i onof e mo t i onsa n dt hedi s c l os ur eofpe r s ona li nf or ma t i on. Asac ons e que nc e ,Dr .Va s que z ha sma des e v e r a ls ug g e s t i onsf orwa y si nwh i c hps y c ho l o gi c a lc ou ns e l l i n gmi ghtb e modi fie dt obe ne fitpe o pl ef r omAs i a nba c kgr ound s .Ba s e dont hi si n f or ma t i on, y ou c o ul di nf e rt ha tDr .Va s que zi n v e s t i g a t e s :    

a . t hebi ol o gi c a lde t e r mi na nt sofbe ha vi our . b . t hei mpa c tofe v ol ut i ona r yf a c t or si nps y c hol o gi c a lf unc t i oni n g . c . t her o l eofc ul t ur alf ac t or si nps y c hol o gi c alpr oc e s s e s . d. ps y c home t r i c sa ndc o gni t i v eps y c hol o gy .

CORRECTANSWER:c QUESREFERENCE:( pp. 18, 20) 3. Cur r e nt l y ,al a r g epr opor t i onoft heAme r i c a npopul a t i oni so v e r we i ght .Dr .La k e r t hi nkst hi sma ybepa r t l yduet oa ni nna t epr e f e r e nc ef orf oodst ha ta r er i c hi nf a t sa nd s u g a r s .Dr . La k e rha ss u gg e s t e dt ha ti nt i me swh e nf o odswe r eno ts or e a di l ya v a i l a bl e , t hi si nna t epr e f e r e nc ewou l de ns ur es uffic i e ntc a l or i e sf ore ne r gya nds ur v i v a l . Dr . La k e r ' svi e wsa r emos tc ons i s t e ntwi t ht hos eoft he________ __pe r s pe c t i v e .    

a . c ul t ur a l b . c o gni t i v e c .be h a vi our a l d. e v ol ut i onar y

CORRECTANSWER:d QUESREFERENCE:( pp. 2021) 4. I nc on duc t i n gar e s e a r c hs t ud y , ps y c hol o gi s t sne e dt ode finea l lt hev a r i a b l e sc l e a r l y a nduna mbi guous l ys ot ha tot he rr e s e a r c he r sc a nob j e c t i v e l ye v a l ua t et her e s ul t soft he r e s e a r c h.Thi sa s pe c tofps y c hol o gyi l l us t r a t e st heunde r l yi n gt he met ha t :    

a . ps y c hol ogye v ol v e si nas oc i ohi s t or i c a lc ont e xt . b . oure xpe r i e nc eoft hewo r l di shi ghl ys ub j e c t i v e . c . ps y c hol o gyi se mpi r i c al . d. be ha vi ouri sde t e r mi ne db ymul t i pl ec a us e s .

CORRECTANSWER:c QUESREFERENCE:( p. 28) 5. We i t e na ndMc Ca nn( 201 3) ,i nt heFe a t ur e dSt ud y( Cha pt e r1) ,pr e s e ntas t ud yon s c hool y a r dbul l yi n ga ndv i c t i mi z a t i on. Ac c or di n gt ot hi ss t ud y ,r e c e nte vi de nc e s u gg e s t st ha t :  a . bul l yi n gi sma i nl yaf e ma l ebe h a vi our ,b utma l e st e ndt og e tc a u ghtmor e of t e n.  b . vi ol e ntbul l yi n gi sonl ydoneb yma l e sa ndnon v i ol e ntbul l yi n gi sonl ydon e b yf e ma l e s .  c . al t hou g ht her a t eofbul l y i n gb yf e mal e si sl o we r ,i ti si nc r e as i n gataf as t e r r at ef orgi r l st hanf orboy s ,andf e ma l e smayus edi ffe r e nt" s t y l e s "ofbul l y i n g .  d. bul l yi n gonl yr e f e r st omi nor , nonvi ol e ntbe ha vi our s , a ndt hec a s eofRe e na Vi r ki ss i mpl ya boutmur de rr a t he rt ha nbul l yi n g . CORRECTANSWER:c QUESREFERENCE:( pp. 19) 6. Whi c hoft hef ol l o wi n gdops y c hoa na l yt i ct he or ya ndbe h a vi our i s mt he or yha v ei n c ommon?    

a . a ne mpha s i sont her ol eofs e xua l i t yi nbe ha vi our b . ar e s i s t a nc et ot heus eofa ni ma ls ub j e c t si nps y c hol o gi c a lr e s e a r c h c .t henot i ont ha tunc ons c i ousmot i v e sha v eama j ori nflue nc eonbe h a vi our d. t hei mpl i c at i ont hatpe opl ea r enotmas t e r soft he i ro wnde s t i ni e s

CORRECTANSWER:d QUESREFERENCE:( pp. 911)

7. Muc hl i k eFr e ud,Ski nne r ' svi e wsonhuma nbe ha vi ourwe r ec ont r o v e r s i a la ndof t e n c r i t i c i z e d .I nFr e ud' sc a s e , ama j orc ont r o v e r s ywa sa bou t_____ _____, whi l ei n Ski nne r ' sc a s e , ama j orc ont r o v e r s ywa sr e l a t e dt o________ __.  a . Fr e ud' sf oc usonc ons c i ouspr oc e s s e s ;Ski nne r ' sf o c usonunc ons c i ous pr oc e s s e s b . F r e u d ' sf oc u sons e x ualmot i v at i on;Sk i nne r ' ss u g g e s t i ont hatf r e ewi l lwasan  i l l us i on  c .Fr e ud' sf oc usons e xua lmot i v a t i on;Ski nne r ' sbe l i e ft ha tma l a da p t i v e be ha vi ourwa sbi ol o gi c a li nor i gi n  d. Fr e ud' si ns e ns i t i v et r e a t me ntofpa t i e nt s ;Ski nne r ' svi ol a t i onofe xi s t i n g a ni ma le t hi c sr ul e s CORRECTANSWER:b QUESREFERENCE:( pp. 9, 11) 8. Dr .Ma r que t abe l i e v e st ha t" mi s e r yl o v e sc ompa n y . "Ba s e dont hi sbe l i e f ,s he pr e di c t st ha tpe opl ewh oha v er e c e i v e dba dne wswi l ls e e koutot h e rpe opl e . Dr . Ma r que t a ' sbe l i e fi sa ne x a mpl eofa_______ ___, a ndhe rpr e di c t i oni sa ne x a mpl eof ____ ______.    

a . h ypo t he s i s ;at he or y b .t he or y ;ah y pot he s i s c .v a r i a bl e ;a na ppl i c a t i on d. h y pot he s i s ;av a r i a bl e

CORRECTANSWER:b QUESREFERENCE:( pp. 4445) 9. Twoda t ac ol l e c t i ont e c hni q ue st ha ta r emos tl i k e l yt oi n v ol v edi r e c tc ont a c tbe t we e n t her e s e a r c he ra ndt her e s e a r c hpa r t i c i pa nta r e :

   

a. di r e c tob s e r v at i onandi nt e r v i e ws . b . a r c hi v a lr e s e a r c ha ndps y c hol o gi c a lt e s t i n g . c .q ue s t i onna i r e sa n di nt e r vi e ws . d. a r c hi v a lr e s e a r c ha ndq ue s t i onna i r e s .

CORRECTANSWER:a QUESREFERENCE:( p. 46)

10. Agr oupofr e s e a r c he r si si n v e s t i g a t i n gt hee ffe c t sofgi n gk obi l obaonme mor y . Du r i n gt hefir s tpa r toft hes t ud y , t hea ni ma l sl e a r nt or u nama z ewhi l et he ya r enot r e c e i vi n gt hes uppl e me nt .I nt hes e c ondpa r toft hes t ud y , t hea ni ma l sl e a r nt or u na di ffe r e ntma z ewhi l et he ya r er e c e i vi n gt hes uppl e me nt . I ne a c hc a s e , t her e s e a r c he r s c o untho wma n yt r i a l si tt a k e sbe f or et hea ni ma l sc a nr unt hema z epa t t e r nwi t hout ma ki n ga n ye r r or s . I nt hi ss t ud y , t hede pe n de ntv a r i a bl ei st he :    

a . t ypeofa ni ma lt her e s e a r c he r ss e l e c tf ort hes t ud y . b . pr e s e nc eora bs e nc eoft hef oods uppl e me nti nt hea ni ma l ' sdi e t . c . numbe roft r i al si tt ak e st or unt hema z ewi t houtmak i n ga nye r r or s . d. a g eoft hea ni ma l si nt hes t ud y .

CORRECTANSWER:c QUESREFERENCE:( p. 49) Shor t Ans we rQue s t i ons( e ac hwor t h2mar ks ) I ndi c a t ewhe t he re a c hoft hef ol l o wi n gi l l us t r a t i onsr e pr e s e nt sa ne xpe r i me nt . I fi ti sa n e xpe r i me nt ,s pe c i f yt hei nde pe nde ntv a r i a bl e , t hede pe nde ntv a r i a b l e , a tl e a s tone c o nt r ol l e dv a r i a bl e .Ex pl a i nwh e t he ri ti sabe t we e ns ub j e c t sde s i gnorawi t hi ns ub j e c t sde s i gn,orbot h.J us t i f ye a c hofy oura ns we r s . Not e :I nt heSt udyGui de ,s e eCha pt e r2:Conc e pt ua lEx e r c i s e :Expe r i me n t a l Va r i a bl e sa ndDe s i gnsf ori nde pt hde s c r i pt i onsofv a r i a bl e sa ndofb e t we e ns ub j e c t s a ndwi t hi ns ub j e c t sde s i gn. 1. Suppos ey ouwe r et e s t i n gt hee ffe c t i v e ne s sofmne moni cde vi c e s( me mor ya i ds )i n he l pi n gs t ude nt sme mor i z edi ffic u l ti nf or ma t i on( e . g . , mol e c ul a rf or mul a sf or i mpor t a ntc he mi c a lc ompounds ) . Onegr oupwa st ol dt ome mor i z et hei nf or ma t i ona n y wa yt he yc a n,wh i l et heo t he rgr oupwa sgi v e ns pe c i ficmne mon i cde vi c e s . An s we r : Thi si sa ne xpe r i me nt . Thei nde pe nde n tv a r i a bl ei st heus eoft hemne moni cde v i c e s . Thede pe nde ntv a r i a bl ei st hes uc c e s sr a t ei nme mor i z a t i ont a s k.Thec ont r olv a r i a bl e i st hei nc r e a s i n gc ompl e xi t yoff o r mul a s .I ti sabe t we e ns ub j e c t sde s i gn. ( pp. 4952) 2. Thr e ea t t r i but e soft hes c i e nt i ficme t hoda r ec ur i os i t y ,s k e pt i c i s m,a ndope nmi nde dne s s .Wr i t et h es k e pt i c i s ma ndope nmi nde dne s sa t t r i but e si nas t a t e me ntori n q ue s t i onf or m. Fore x a mpl e ,t hec ur i os i t ya t t r i but emi ghtbewr i t t e na s :" Wh ydi di t ha ppe n? "

An s we r : Anumbe rofs t a t e me nt sorque s t i onsa r epos s i bl e . Thef o l l o wi n ga r ee xa mpl e s , but o t he rs t a t e me nt sma ya l s obeg ood .Sk e pt i c i s m:" I ts oundsg ood, buts ho wmet he e vi de nc e . "Ope nmi nde d ne s s :" We l l , t ha t ' sas ur pr i s e . Igue s swene e dt or e vi s eour t he o r y . " 3. We i t e na ndMc Ca nn( 201 3)not et ha tpe opl e ' se xpe r i e nc e soft hewor l da r ehi ghl y s ub j e c t i v e( The me7) .Fore x a mpl e ,s omes t udi e sha v es ho wnt ha tpe opl et e ndt os e e wh a tt he ye x pe c tt os e e( Ke l l e y , 1950, a sc i t e d, p.31) .Asoure xpe r i e nc e sa r ehi ghl y s ub j e c t i v e , wha tc a nt heps y c hol o gyr e s e a r c he rdo( i . e . , wha ta ppr oa c hc a nheors he t a k e )t oe ns ur et ha tpe r s ona ls ub j e c t i vi t ydoe sno tbi a st her e s e a r c hfind i n g s ? An s we r : Ps y c hol og i s t sc a na ppl yt hes c i e nt i ficme t hodc ons i s t e nt l y .Thi ss houl di nc l udet he ope r a t i ona l i z a t i onofv a r i a bl e s , us eofe xpe r i me nt a la ndc ont r olgr oup s ,us eofdou bl e bl i nds t udi e s ,a nds oon. ( pp. 4950) Conc e pt ualQue s t i ons( e ac hwor t h4mar ks ) I nt hef o l l o wi n ge xa mpl e , de s c r i bewhi c hoft hef ourc ommonfla wsi nr e s e a r c hi si n ope r a t i on:s a mpl i n gbi a s ,di s t or t i onsi ns e l f r e por tda t a , e xpe r i me nt e rbi a s ,a nd pl a c e b oe ffe c t .Mor et ha nonefla wma ya ppl y . J us t i f yy oura ns we r . 1. Mr .Fa i r we a t he rwa sc on vi nc e dt ha tme mor y e nha nc i n gg a me swe r ene e de dt o i mpr o v epoorc o nc e nt r a t i oni nhi sGr a de10ma t hc l a s s .Hea s k e d20ofhi sl o we s t s c or i n gs t ude nt st obei n v ol v e di nhi se xpe r i me nt .Te ns t ude nt sa gr e e dt ov ol unt e e r a f t e rhet ol dt he mwh a thewa st r y i n gt opr o v e .Mr .Fa i r we a t he rpe r s ona l l ys upe r vi s e d t heus eoft heme mor y e nha nc i n gg a me swi t ht he s es t ude nt sf ort wowe e ks .Het he n a s k e de a c hs t ude ntt or a t ehi sorhe ro wni mpr o v e me nti nc onc e nt r a t i ona ndi nma t h me mor y .Mr .Fa i r we a t he r ' sr e s ul t ss ho we dt ha tme mor y e nha nc i n gg a me swe r ea n e ffe c t i v ewa yofi mpr o vi n gma t hs ki l l s . An s we r : Mr . Fa i r we a t he r ' se xpe r i me nti ss e v e r e l yfla we di nt hef ol l o wi n gwa y s : Fi r s t ,t he r ei se v e r ypos s i bi l i t yofs a mpl i n gbi a s . Onl y10outof20s t ude nt sa c t ua l l y v ol unt e e r e df o rt hee xpe r i me nt . I ti spos s i bl et ha tt hi sgr oupwa sabi a s e ds a mpl eof

s t ude nt swi t hpoorme mor i e s .Fore xa mpl e ,t he s es t ude nt sma yha v ebe e nmor e opt i mi s t i ct ha nt heo t he rs t ude nt swi t hr e s pe c tt oi mpr o vi n gt he i rma t hgr a de s . Se c o nd,Mr . Fa i r we a t he rha sno tc ont r ol l e df oragr ou pwh odi dno tr e c e i v et he me mor y e nha nc i n gg a me s( e xpe c t a nc ye ffe c t s ) . Thi r d, s i nc et hes t ude nt skne wt hepur pos eoft hee x pe r i me nta ndl i ke l ywa nt e dt o pl e a s et he i rt e a c he r , i ti shi ghl ypr oba bl et ha tdi s t or t i onofs e l f r e por tda t aoc c ur r e d. ( pp. 6669)...