Quiz 3 PDF

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Quiz 3: Form A 1.

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The ecological approach emerged as a reaction a. to the structuralist approach. b. to the artificiality of laboratory approach to studying vision. c. to the over-reliance on brain imaging techniques. d. to pointillism. Which statement is true concerning the focus of expansion? a. It always occurs at the point you are fixated on. b. It always occurs at the point you are moving toward. c. It continues in the same direction once established. d. It always contains the fastest flow of information. “Optical flow neurons” have been found in the monkey’s a. medial temporal (MT) cortex. b. medial superior temporal (MST) area. c. striate cortex. d. superior temporal sulcus. Using the visual direction strategy, walkers stay on target by a. using flow information to estimate the destination point. b. going toward the focus of expansion. c. keeping their body pointed toward the destination. d. keeping their eyes fixated on the destination. Affordances a. provide a counterexample to Gibson’s ecological approach. b. are used to explain the flow of information organizational principles. c. provide the observer possibilities for action. d. arise from the interaction between flow and depth cues. Patients with ________ often have difficulty pointing at objects and adjusting their reach “paths” to avoid obstacles. a. optic ataxia. b. prosopagnosia. c. object agnosia. d. Capgras syndrome. Which of the following factors has not been shown to influence action-based object perception? a. Anticipation of having help to lift an object. b. Describing the object to someone before interacting with it. c. Recent success or failure while interacting with an object. d. Anticipated difficult of the task. The condition of the patient of Zihl, et al., who had cortical lesions that affected her motion perception, is called a. prosopagnosia. b. akinetopsia. c. stroboscopia. d. amblyopia.

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Our ability to perceive movement when reading “message boards” used in advertising, is based on a. apparent movement. b. movement aftereffects. c. “waterfall” effects. d. motion agnosia. 10. According to Corollary Discharge Theory, movement is perceived when a. there is a disturbance in the global optic array. b. the comparator receives the corollary discharge signal and image displacement signal simultaneously. c. the comparator receives the corollary discharge signal alone or image displacement signal alone. d. the comparator finds dissimilarities between the local and global optic arrays. 11. Mira gently pushes on her eye with her finger. Because her eye muscles push against the force of her finger, which keeps the image in the same location, she perceives the visual scene a. to be jiggling. b. to be stationary. c. to have exaggerated depth. d. to be “shrinking.” 12. A monkey with an intact MT cortex can detect the direction of moving dots when coherence is ____%, while a monkey that has had the MT cortex lesioned detects the direction of the moving dots when coherence is _____%. a. 1-2; 10-20 b. 10-20; 1-2 c. 1-2; 1-2 d. 10-20; 1-2 13. In an apparent motion demonstration, two pictures are used. In one picture a person’s fist is located behind his head; in the other, the person’s fist is located in front of their face at the same height. When slowly alternating between these pictures (less the five times a second), what apparent motion would result? a. The fist would appear to go around the side of the head. b. The fist would appear to “magically” pass through the head. c. The fist would appear to smash the head. d. No apparent motion would occur because the alternation is too slow. 14. 14. In one study, Zacks et al. (2009) recorded someone making a sandwich and asked participants to press a button when they thought one action was complete. The results of the study indicated that _______were indicative of the end of an action. a. pauses b. changes in speed c. changes in hand orientation d. head movements 15. Adding more white to a color changes the color’s a. hue. b. wavelength. c. brightness.

d. saturation. 16. Blue and yellow paints mixed together yield a. white. b. gray. c. green. d. purple. 17. The maximum absorption for the long-wavelength cone pigment is at ____ nm. a. 419 b. 531 c. 558 d. 747 18. A unilateral dichromat a. has trichromatic vision in one eye and dichromatic vision in the other eye. b. can only see black, white, and grays. c. can match any wavelength with three wavelengths in the comparison field, but is not as good as trichromats at discriminating small differences in wavelengths. d. is more common in the U.S. than protonopes. 19. Nora adapts to a yellow stimulus for about 30 seconds. She will then see an afterimage that appears to be a. a saturated yellow. b. green. c. blue. d. red. 20. The case of “Mr. I,” described in the beginning of the chapter, supports the idea that color is processed in a. the retina. b. the LGN. c. both the retina and LGN. d. a “color center” in the cortex.

Quiz 3: Form B 1.

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The ecological approach was developed by a. J.J. Gibson. b. David Marr. c. Max Wertheimer. d. Ronald Rensink. According to Gibson, the relationship between movement and flow is a. movement creates flow, which then provides information to guiding further movement. b. movement creates flow, but this information does not affect further movement. c. flow and self-produced movement are related, but both are independent of guiding further movement. d. flow and movement are not related.

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Britten and vanWezel used __________ to show that MST neurons help determine perception of the direction of movement. a. electrical stimulation of neurons b. ablation c. fMRI recordings d. transcranial magnetic stimulation Hamid et al. (2010) had participants navigate a maze while recording their eye movements. The maze contained landmarks on the walls at corners and at other positions that would not aid maze navigation. After participants learned the maze, the researchers removed half of the landmarks. The results of this study revealed that a. performance decreased when landmarks were removed that had been viewed longer. b. participants did not notice that the landmarks were missing and their performance was unaffected. c. participants had been relying on all landmarks to navigate. d. performance increased when non-informative landmarks were removed. The neurons that signal the monkey’s intention to grab an object are mostly found in the a. hippocampus. b. superior colliculus. c. parietal reach region (PRR). d. nystagmus parietal radius (NPR). Mirror neurons a. help an individual understand another person’s actions and react appropriately. b. help an individual imitate observed behaviors. c. have been discovered in the premotor cortex. d. all of these Which of the following factors has not been shown to influence action-based object perception? a. Anticipation of having help to lift an object. b. Describing the object to someone before interacting with it. c. Recent success or failure while interacting with an object. d. Anticipated difficulty of the task. Camouflage can be interpreted as a problem of a. figure-ground segregation. b. binocular disparity. c. induced movement. d. the waterfall illusion. In addition to describing movement detection in terms of the environment, researchers have proposed different ways to detect movement from a physiological perspective. The Reichardt detector is one solution. Which of the following is the greatest weakness of the Reichardt detector? a. It only explains motion detection for images that cross the receptors. b. It only explains how eye movements can be accounted for in motion detection. c. It only is able to detect lateral movement of stimuli. d. It operates using excitatory and inhibitory signals.

10. R.W., the man who had vertigo when he moved his eyes, had cortical damage that eliminated a. corollary discharge signals. b. image movement signals. c. cortical magnification. d. binocular cell firing. 11. The __________ is demonstrated when you look through a circle you make with your fingers, and move a pencil either horizontally or diagonally behind your fingers. a. Kinetic Depth Effect b. structure-from-motion phenomenon c. correspondence problem d. aperture problem 12. The perceptual grouping of lights in biological motion has been shown physiologically to occur in the _______ area of the cortex. a. superior temporal sulcus b. lateral geniculate c. premotor d. anterior intraparietal 13. 13. omehow are divided up into meaningful units. The point in time when one unit ends and another begins is referred to as the a. breaking point. b. segment marker. c. event boundary. d. transition period. 14. A monkey with good color vision a. would have difficulty with figure-ground segregation. b. would have a better chance of surviving than a color-blind monkey. c. would be equally able to survive as a color-blind monkey. d. is impossible; all monkeys are color-blind. 15. The reflectance curve for a purple piece of paper would a. reflect short wavelengths. b. reflect long wavelengths only. c. reflect all wavelengths equally. d. reflect long and short wavelengths. 16. The trichromatic theory of color vision is also known as the _________ theory. a. Seurat-Signac b. Hering c. Young-Helmholtz d. Young-Adhart

17. The pattern of firing of receptor activity in response to red would be a. large firing from the S receptor, medium firing from the M receptor, and little firing from the L receptor. b. large firing from the S receptor, large firing from the M receptor, and little firing from the L receptor. c. little firing from the S receptor, a moderate firing from the M receptor, and large firing from the L receptor. d. large firing from the S receptor, large firing from the M receptor, and large firing from the L receptor. 18. The neutral point for protonopes is approximately ___ nm. a. 405 b. 492 c. 570 d. 690 19. Which of the following was NOT an opponent mechanism proposed by Hering? a. Black (-); White (+) b. Red (+); Green (-) c. Blue (+); Green (-) d. Blue (-); Yellow (+) 20. Honeybees have a cone pigment that maximally absorbs _____ wavelengths. a. short b. medium c. long d. None of the above; visible light for honeybees and humans are the same range of wavelengths....