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Questions for Quiz 4.1 – Diversity of Life The online quiz 4.1 is to be completed by midnight, Saturday of Week 11. Twenty questions for this quiz will be taken from the following questions. 1. About how many species have been given scientific names to date? a. 100,000 b. 500,000 c. 1 to 2 million d. over 6 billion 2. Most species live in a. the air surrounding the earth b. the ocean c. temperate zones d. tropical regions 3. Which of the following statements is true of most ancient species? They a. are still surviving today b. are living in dormant states c. died leaving behind fossils d. became extinct without leaving fossils 4. “Naming, describing and classifying organisms into different categories based on their characteristics” is a definition of a. taxonomy b. natural selection c. biology d. morphology 5. Which of the following is the most specific level of classification? a. Class b. Genus c. Order d. Phylum 6. The great diversity of life was largely caused by a. Spontaneous mutations b. Natural selection c. Taxonomic transformation d. Genetic manipulation 7. The system of biological classification used today was created by a. Aristotle b. Carolus Linnaeus c. Charles Darwin d. Stephen Jay Gould

Questions for Quiz 4.1 – Diversity of Life 8. The organisms with the greatest number of species are a. Insects b. Rodents c. Single celled bacteria d. Vertebrates 9. Which of the following is the correct format for binomial nomenclature? a. Homo Sapiens b. Homo sapiens c. Homo sapiens d. homo sapiens 10. Which of the following is the broadest classification category of living things? a. Family b. Genus c. Phylum d. Species 11. A population of organisms that can reproduce fertile offspring is a a. Family b. Genus c. Kingdom d. Species 12. In which phylum do humans belong? a. Chordates b. Invertebrates c. Primates d. Prokaryotes 13. The use of two names as the scientific name for an organism is called a. Binomial nomenclature b. Biotaxonomy c. Darwinian classification d. Dewey system 14. The main purpose of using the Linnaean classification system is to be able to a. Trace the evolution of different species b. Count all living organisms past and present c. Group organisms with others with similar characteristics d. Organize organisms from most simple to most complex 15. The Linnaean classification system is most like a. A library catalogue system b. Google’s search engine c. The index of a book d. Telephone area codes

Questions for Quiz 4.1 – Diversity of Life

16. Which of the following is a characteristic shared by all living organisms? They a. Reproduce sexually b. Develop spores for protection c. Begin life as a single cell d. Maintain a constant body temperature 17. Which of the following differentiates living things from non-living things? a. The presence of carbon b. Chemical activity c. Growth and development d. Motility Answer each of the following questions as true or false: 18. Living organisms regulate their use of energy. T 19. All species in the animal kingdom obtain energy by ingesting other living things. f 20. All mammals are primates.F 21. The sum of all the energy used by living organisms is called anabolism.t 22. Living things may remain dormant for many years.t 23. Diversity is an important contributor to a sustainable ecosystem.t 24. Most species have been identified and given a scientific name.f 25. Homeostasis is dependent on positive feedback mechanisms.f

Validation Quiz 4.2 Test your understanding of the content in this section. These items will appear in an alternate form in the quiz. 1. The most significant difference between compound and scanning electron microscopes is their a. size and transportability b. use of a computer to store data c. magnification and resolution capabilities 2. Specimens viewed through an electron microscope are measured in a. centimetres b. millimetres c. inches d. microns 3. Choose the correct statement about the cell theory. a. Only living animal cells are considered in the cell theory. b. Sub-cellular structures dictate the activities inside the cell. c. The cell is protected from all activities in the external environment. d. Cells do not necessarily come from pre-existing cells. 4. Characteristics and needs of an organism are those of its cells. Which of the following examples illustrates this fact? a. Cells reproduce via a process of mitosis. b. Nerve cells are structurally different from stomach cells. c. A cell requires water to survive because the organism also needs water. d. If one gene in the DNA changes then the function of the organism changes. 5. In Ron’s Scum Pond, he discovered the wonders of the paramecium. One of their structures shared with humans is/are a. cilia used for mobility b. food digesting vesicles c. heart and blood vessels d. nervous system 6. A paramecium uses which type of defence structures when threatened? a. horny spiked cilia b. plasma sticky fingers 7. The plasma membrane of an animal cell is a a. thin phospho-lipid layer b. hard cellulose coating around the cell c. impenetrable plastic-like layer d. connected stream of blood cells

8. Hollow protein tubes that help transport materials into the cell are called a. lysosomes b. reticulae c. microtubules d. nuclei 9. Mitochondria participate in cellular respiration and the production of a. ATP b. glucose c. waste products d. chlorophyll 10. The stem cell is the cell which a. duplicates exactly as its original state throughout its life span b. becomes increasingly specialized as it further divides 11. From conception until birth, humans contain stem cells which retain their power to reproduce throughout the person’s lifetime. a. True b. False 12. Offspring from stem cells are called a. aberrations b. daughter cells c. clones 13. The University of Minnesota researchers discovered that they could stimulate mouse bone marrow cells to become a. dopamine-like nervous system cells b. bony structures similar to tooth material c. cells that could produce oxygen d. growth-producing cells resulting in an abnormally large mouse 14. The “cell cycle clock” , discovered at Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, lead to a technique that allows us to control the cellular network switches for any living process. a. True b. False 15. Cell division is a random process that results in 2 daughter cells no matter which path the reproduction used. a. True b. False

GED5300 Questions for Quiz 4.3 1. Choose the correct definition of a microbe. a. A collection of diverse cells working together as a unit. b. Single-celled organisms that can perform the basic functions of life. 2. Which of the following are characteristics of microbes? They a. Can metabolize nutrients, create and excrete wastes. b. All have similar structures and ways of moving. c. Reproduce only if inside another organism’s cell. 3. Without microbes we could not eat or breathe. a. true b. false 4. What microbes are bacteria look-alikes that are living fossils which provide clues to the earliest forms of life on Earth? a. fungi b. archaea c. protozoa d. parasites 5. Viruses are considered life forms once they a. Reproduce. b. Attach themselves to living organisms. c. Exist on inanimate objects. d. Differentiate themselves from bacteria. 1. Which of the following are thought to be the earliest forms of life on Earth? a. plants and animals b. insects and reptiles c. bacteria and archaea d. DNA and RNA 2. Bacteria can make their own food. a. True b. False 3. Order the following microbes from smallest to largest: (1) bacteria (2) virus (3) protozoa (4) yeast a. 2,1,4,3 b. 4,3,2,1 c. 1,2,3,4 d. 3,1,4,2

4. Another term for ball-shaped bacteria are a. cocci b. bacilli c. spirochete d. mycoplasm 5. An example of stick-shaped bacteria are a. cocci b. bacilli c. spirochete d. mycoplasm 6. Like plants, bacteria give off a. oxygen b. carbon dioxide c. sulfur dioxide d. hydrochloric acid 7. Some bacteria move about using whip-like structures called a. ropellas b. flagella c. fibrous threads d. cytoplasm strings 8. Until they find a host to take over, a virus is inert. This means that it has at that point as much life as a a. rock b. fetus c. hibernating bear d. reproducing bacterium 9. A virus is basically a tiny bundle of a. nuclei b. cytoplasm c. mitochondria d. genetic material 10. Viruses have evolved to infect every form of life. a. True b. False 11. Viruses exist for one purpose only: to a. reproduce b. kill their hosts c. mutate to protect the species d. migrate from one place to the other

12. An RNA virus must use the host cell’s machinery to turn a. RNA into DNA b. DNA into RNA 13. A virus can only reproduce if it is a. in a mature state b. in a dry environment c. inside the host’s cell d. attached to the host’s cell wall 14. Unlike bacteria, viruses are encased in a protective protein coat called a a. capsid b. cell wall c. chromosome d. cytoplasmic net 15. A good synonym for a virus is a a. parasite b. glutton c. soldier d. follower 1. Microbes have been around for longer than dinosaurs or humans. a. True b. False 2. Even though most microbes can reproduce at an amazing rate, we are not “up to our ears” in them because a. conditions for their reproduction are never perfect. b. they mutate faster than all other organisms. 3. A mutation in a microbe means that there has been a change in its a. genetic code b. classification 4. All mutated microbes are weaker thus less potent than their predecessors. a. True b. False 5. Milk is turned into yogurt using which of the following organisms? a. Lactobacillus acidophilus b. Streptomyces c. Pseudomonas putida

6. The following bacterium is helpful to humans when living in the lower intestine (gut) but can be deadly if it invades the upper gastrointestinal tract (e.g., stomach). a. Escherichia coli b. Arbuscular mycorrhizas c. Bacillus thuringiensis 7. Which of the following are 2 microbe-made foods? a. cheese and bread b. potatoes and carrots c. carbonated drinks and chocolate bars d. pasta and chicken 8. Microbes are used to clean up environmental catastrophes such as oil spills. This is an example of using microbes as a. antibiotics b. janitors c sterilizers d. mutants 9. Scientists can add new genetic material to microbes so they become “mini medication factories” a. True b. False 10. Industries use tanks of billions of bacteria to create many different products such as soya sauce, leather goods, and infant formula. What is used from the bacteria to create these products? a. DNA b. enzymes c. acids d. base solutions 1. The chain of infection is a useful concept for understanding a. the relationship between the conditions necessary causing an infection. b. how the genetic code of microorganisms are linked together. c. the actions of different antibiotics. d. how infections cause fevers. 2. One of the most common ways people catch colds is by a. standing in a drafty doorway. b. not wearing warm, dry clothes in cold weather. c. sharing needles and other drug-related devices. d. rubbing their eyes or noses with their contaminated hands.

3. One of the following is incorrect about proper hand washing technique. a. Use warm, soapy water. b. Scrub all areas for at least 20 seconds. c. Rinse your hands and dry all areas well. d. Sing a tune such as Happy Birthday after you have dried your hands. 4. Choose the true statement about natural bacteria in food. a. It is usually the improper handling opposed to the natural bacteria in food that causes illness. b. Meats and dairy products must be sterilized to meet government standards. c. A higher percentage of food poisoning occurs in restaurants than in the home. 5. It is good food handling practice to use different dishes and utensils for raw foods than you use for cooked foods. a. True b. False 6. The syndrome, “hamburger disease” is a misleading name for the illness because it a. is caused by ingesting E. coli hidden in many kinds of undercooked foods. b. sounds like you get it from eating too many hamburgers at fast-food restaurants. c. gives the impression that your muscles turn into the consistency of hamburger. 7. The “hygiene hypothesis” shielding people in developed nations from microbes and parasites that do no harm has given rise to an increase in a. heart disease and strokes b. asthma and allergies c. headaches and diarrhea d. drug dependency and depression 8. What is a primary cause of antibiotic resistance? a. Mutant bacteria survive previous exposure to antibiotics. b. Doctors are hesitant to order powerful antibiotics. 9. Gram staining, a method used to identify types of bacteria. What is the primary stain used for this method? a. varnish b. chlorine c. crystal violet d. sodium bicarbonate 10. Which of the following triggers our immune system to produce antibodies that can fight the infecting organism? a. vaccines b. antiseptics c. disinfectants d. antiviral drugs

11. Scientists have developed a method for detecting a viral particle using sound. They discovered that this method is a. able to identify a single virus particle in a tiny liquid drop. b. only useful if there are millions of viral particles such as in an acute infection.

12. Compared with other microbes, viral infections are so difficult to treat because a. human cells are usually killed along with the invading virus. b. viruses live longer than bacteria and fungi. c. there are no antiviral drugs. 13. Health Canada’s recommendations for childhood immunization are designed to a. keep unimmunized children from getting sick and to keep the outbreak from spreading. b. force families to get their children immunized before starting school. c. completely wipe out all childhood-related communicable diseases d. prevent adults from getting these diseases later in life. 14. Which of the following vaccines are included in the schedule for children? a. rhinovirus, HIV, SARS b. pink eye, plantar warts, tuberculosis c. measles, mumps, chickenpox, Hepatitis B 15. Which type of immunization method results in lifelong protection but takes weeks for the body to manufacture antibodies against the organism? a. passive b. alternative c. preferred d. active...