Quiz 5 - Lecture notes 5 PDF

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quiz 5...

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What does the elastic rebound theory describe? the fluctuations in groundwater prior to an earthquake the formation of mountain ranges by successive earthquakes Correct! the build-up and release of strain energy during an earthquake

the uplift of the crust in response to erosion

Question 2 1 / 1 pts Energy waves that are released during an earthquake are called shock waves.

stress waves.

elastic waves. Correct! seismic waves.

Question 3 1 / 1 pts Which of the following types of seismic waves arrive at a seismograph first? surface waves S waves

All of these waves arrive at the same time. Correct!

P waves

Question 4 1 / 1 pts Which of the following correctly lists the order in which seismic waves arrive at a seismograph station? P waves, surface waves, S waves S waves, P waves, surface waves Correct! P waves, S waves, surface waves

surface waves, P waves, S waves

Question 5 1 / 1 pts Which of the following types of seismic waves are the slowest? S waves

P waves, S waves, and surface waves all travel at the same speed.

P waves Correct! surface waves

Question 6 1 / 1 pts Who developed the procedure used to measure the size of an earthquake? James Hutton

Correct! Charles Richter Henri Darcy

Charles Darwin

Question 7 1 / 1 pts An earthquake's Richter magnitude is based on Correct! the amount of ground movement caused by seismic waves.

the observed effects on people and structures.

the amount of energy released during an earthquake.

the distance between the earthquake and the seismograph station.

Question 8 1 / 1 pts The ground motion during a Richter magnitude 8 earthquake is ______ times greater than the ground motion during a Richter magnitude 6 earthquake. Correct! 100

1000 2

10

Question 9 1 / 1 pts How many seismograph stations are needed to locate the epicenter of an earthquake? two

one four Correct! three

Question 10 1 / 1 pts The energy released during a magnitude 8 earthquake is approximately ______ times larger than the energy released during a magnitude 6 earthquake. 100 Correct! 1000

10

2

Question 11 1 / 1 pts Which of the following measurements collected from seismograph stations gives scientists information regarding the type of faulting that occurred during an earthquake? the time interval between the arrival of the P and S waves

Correct! the first motion of the P waves the amplitude of the ground shaking

the amount of slip

Question 12 1 / 1 pts Which of the following statements best describes the current state of earthquake prediction? Scientists can accurately predict when an earthquake will occur, but not where.

Scientists can accurately predict the time and location of almost all earthquakes.

Scientists can accurately predict the time and location of approximately 50 percent of all earthquakes. Correct! Scientists cannot accurately predict earthquakes.

Question 13 1 / 1 pts In southern California, great earthquakes occur on the San Andreas approximately every ______ years. 5 to 10 1 to 2

25 to 75

Correct! 150 to 300

Question 14 1 / 1 pts What type of seismic wave causes the most building damage? P waves S waves Correct! surface waves

All seismic waves cause equal amounts of building damage.

Question 15 1 / 1 pts The modified Mercalli intensity scale measures the type of seismic wave in an earthquake.

the amount of slip on a fault plane caused by an earthquake. Correct! the amount of destruction caused by an earthquake.

the amplitude of the surface waves.

Question 16 1 / 1 pts The average time between large earthquake events along a fault is known as the ______ interval.

fault slip Correct! recurrence seismic

hazard

Question 17 1 / 1 pts The size of an earthquake can be related to fault length.

width.

type. Correct! rupture area.

Question 18 1 / 1 pts What is the estimated recurrence interval for a fault line that has a slip rate of 3 cm/year and slips 3 m every time it moves? 5 years

10 years Correct! 100 years

1000 years

Question 19 1 / 1 pts A fault line has recurrence interval of 100 years and a long-term slip rate of 5 cm/year. How much does the fault slip when it ruptures? 100 m

1000 m 1 cm Correct! 5m

Question 20 1 / 1 pts A fault line long-term slip rate of 5 cm/year and slips 2.5 m when it moves. What is the recurrence interval of the fault? 100 years

10 years Correct! 50 years

1000 years

Question 21 1 / 1 pts As a rule of thumb aftershocks are typically ____ order(s) of magnitude ____ than the mainshock. Correct!

1; lower

2; higher 1; higher

2; lower

Question 22 1 / 1 pts Following a mainshock of magnitude 6 one could expect aftershocks as strong as 7

6

8 Correct! 5

Question 23 1 / 1 pts At what point do we assign a series of earthquakes their categories (i.e., mainshock, foreshock, or aftershock)? during the foreshocks Correct! following the aftershocks

following the mainshock

before the episode

Question 24 1 / 1 pts As the distance to an earthquake increases, the amount of ground shaking increases.

the elapsed time before the P waves arrive decreases. the time between the arrival of the P and S waves decreases. Correct! the time between the arrival of the P and S waves increases.

Question 25 1 / 1 pts Which set(s) of waves is/are most likely surface waves?

Sets A, B, and C are all surface waves

Set B Correct! Set C Set A

Question 26 1 / 1 pts What causes the up-and-down wiggles on the seismogram?

Correct! ground vibrations electromagnetic pulses

variations in air pressure

tsunami waves

Question 27 1 / 1 pts Which set(s) of waves travels through the Earth's interior?

set A Correct! sets A and B

set B sets A, B, and C...