Rat dissection protocol (digestive system) PDF

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Rat dissection protocol written for week 5 virtual lab...

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Dissection protocol for the digestive system of the rat The rat dissection is conducted to explore and examining of the characteristic of a rat’s anatomy, functions of organs allows a picture of how the systems of a body work together via the interrelation of processes. In this practical, I will focus on the mammalian digestive system. The digestive system is responsible for the intake and processing of food for all cells within an organism, hence having a large significance. The digestive system is composed of the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum and anus. When the dissection is performed in person, it is ensured that protective clothing including lab coat, safety, glasses, gloves are worn. A rat, dissection board, dissection kit should be prepared before the experiment. Preparing the rat 1. Observation of the external structures on the rat is done, including the hear, thorax, abdomen, tail, anus, mouth cavity and teeth. 2. The rat is placed on the dissecting tray, strings or nails is used to secure the arms and legs of the rat onto the board 3. The skin of the rat is picked up in the middle using forceps, and cut in the pattern indicated in the diagram below. The above step should be performed carefully to prevent damage of the underlying structure

4. The skin flap is pinned onto the side of the board once the incision is made Examining the digestive system of rat 5. The liver is located in the rat, which is the reddish-brown organ which is under the diaphragm. The liver produces bile, adding in the digestion of fats. The liver is also responsible for the storage of glycogen and waste transformation. 6. The oesophagus is located, which moves food from the mouth to the stomach. 7. The stomach is located on the right under the liver, which stores and breaks down food, and also digesting protein. The cardiac sphincter connecting the oesophagus and the stomach can also be identified. The stomach can be cut open and the food content can be observed.

8. The pancreas is located, it is a thin membrane in white found beneath the stomach. The pancreas produces digestive enzymes that are sent to the intestine to aid further digestion and absorption. 9. The small intestine is located, which receives partially digested food from the stomach, leading it to the cecum. Observe the veins and arteries in the clear mesentery that transports nutrients. 10. The cecum is located, it connects the small and large intestine. It temporarily stores food while bacteria digest the cellulose found in the remaining food. 11. The large intestine is located. It is large and long, extending from the small intestine and leading to the anus. Here the final stage of digestion and water absorption occurs with the aid of various bacteria. 12. The rectum is located, which is the terminal section between colon and anus. It temporarily stores faeces before they are expelled from the body. Faeces may be present in the dissection and should be removed.

Figure 2. A simplified diagram of the digestive system of rat References: Digestive System of the rat | Mind the Graph. (2020). Retrieved 25 March 2020, from https://mindthegraph.com/profile/mindthegraph2/digestive-system-of-the-rat Rat Disection. Retrieved 25 March 2020, from https://www.emsisd.com/cms/lib/TX21000533/Centricity/Domain/4325/Rat%20Dissection%20Student%20Ve rsion.docx STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE: Performing a rat dissection. (2016). Retrieved 25 March 2020, from https://assist.asta.edu.au/sites/assist.asta.edu.au/files/SOP%20Performing%20a%20rat%20dissectionFINAL_DB%20(3).pdf...