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Student group: Karlo Santos and Chloe Nakamoto Journal Title: Clinical Outcome of Diabetes Patients hospitalized with foot ulcers, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania Authors: Gulam-Abbas Z., Lutale J.K., Morbach S., Archibald L.K. Is this study qualitative or quantitative? Quantitative What is the research question? What are the clinical outcomes, including prevalence rate, clinical features, risk factors and mortality, in diabetic patients with foot ulcers in the Muhimbili National Hospital in Tanzania. What is the sample? The sample of this experiment is the group of newly hospitalized patients tested who had diabetes, along with varying levels of a foot ulcer. Is the study experimental? No, this study was observational. Is it blinded? No, the patients were receiving their normal daily diabetic medication that they were aware of. What statistical tests did they use? Simple Regression in a perspective cohort study Were the results significant? Yes, of the patients under observation, 15% had foot ulcers. Of that 15%, 33% were selected for surgery for either minor or major amputations. The rest were managed conservatively. The Wagner score was used to classify the severity of the ulcers. The overall mortality rates for non-amputees and amputees were 29%. The highest in-patient mortality rate was observed in those patients who did not undergo surgery and had a high rank on the Wagner scale, which was 54%. Mortality rates remain high among patients with severe foot ulcers despite undergoing surgery. In conclusion, the researchers found out that in order to improve patient outcome, education of foot care, consulting a doctor, and surgery during the less severe stages of ulcers must be done. What are the limitations of the study? The limitations of the study were that the patients came from one single hospital in Tanzania, so the population was not diverse. Also, the researchers were unaware of the food or physical exercise the patients were doing to influence their health. The amount of exercise and health food, or lack thereof, could affect the severity of the foot ulcers. The study also does not take into account the past medical history and lifestyle choices of the patients. For instance, if a patient is prone to injury, has had a foot ulcer before, or is a smoker....