Refining Composition Skills Academic Writing PDF

Preview

Summary

This is pages of answer taken from a reference book of Refining Composition Skills Academic Writing...

Description

1 Refining Composition Skills: Academic Writing and Grammar 6th Edition Instructor’s Manual with Answer Key

Refining Composition Skills: Academic Writing and Grammar 6th Edition

Instructor’s Manual with Answer Key Regina L. Smalley Mary K. Ruetten Joann Rishel Kozyrev

Contents: Introduction

Page 2

Answer Key Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12

Page 2 Page 3 Page 8 Page 11 Page 17 Page 23 Page 27 Page 32 Page 40 Page 45 Page 52 Page 59

Refining Grammar Skills

Page 67

Appendix 2

Page 88

PHOTOCOPIABLE©Heinle

2 Refining Composition Skills: Academic Writing and Grammar 6th Edition Instructor’s Manual with Answer Key

Introduction The Sixth Edition of Refining Composition Skills: Academic Writing and Grammar presents an integrated program of writing for high-intermediate and advanced students of English as a second or foreign language (ESL/EFL). It combines extensive practice in rhetorical strategies and techniques with a review of appropriate grammatical structures and verb tenses. With its extensive appendices, the text can further serve as a handbook for writing, grammar, and mechanics. The primary audience is the academically oriented ESL/EFL student; however, the text also can be useful in developmental writing courses for native speakers who could benefit from more guidance in writing compositions. This instructor’s manual contains answers to all of the questions in Chapters 1–12, Refining Grammar Skills, and Appendix 2.

Chapter 1: The Writing Process EXERCISE 1 (Page 5) Answers will vary. Students may notice that they have a lot of the same ideas but that the most interesting choices for writing may be in the unique ideas that they list which others did not. EXERCISE 2 (Page 6) Answers will vary. EXERCISE 3 (Page 7) Answers will vary. Students should have at least one question for each question word if possible. Some topics may not lend themselves to all questions words, but encourage students to make a special effort to think of questions with How and Why. EXERCISE 4 (Page 8) Answers will vary.

PHOTOCOPIABLE©Heinle

3 Refining Composition Skills: Academic Writing and Grammar 6th Edition Instructor’s Manual with Answer Key

Chapter 2: Introduction to the Paragraph EXERCISE 1 (Pages 12-13) 1. This paragraph is about the usefulness of final exams. 2. This paragraph is about a reason why I like the beach. 3. This paragraph is about fad diets. 4. This paragraph is about internal and external causes of behavior. EXERCISE 2 (Pages 15-16) Answers will vary. Possible responses: 2. Cigarettes, Cigarette Smokers, Types of Cigarette Smokers, Nervous Smokers 3. Technology, Computers, Three Uses of Computers, Using Computers for Teaching English 4. Entertainment, Movies, Why People Watch Movies, Movies and Escapism 5. My Hometown, The School District, My High School, My English Class 6. Students’ responses will vary. EXERCISE 3 (Page 17) 2. Topic: A final advantage Serena Williams has on the court Controlling idea: her constant aggressiveness 3. Topic: A properly planned science course Controlling idea: political implications of experimentation 4. Topic: Einstein’s unsuccessful attempt to get nuclear weapons banned Controlling idea: disappointing 5. Topic: One of the biggest problems with athletic scholarships Controlling idea: more attention is paid to sports than to education 6. Topic: words that appear to be equivalent in English and Spanish Controlling idea: deceptive 7. Topic: air pollution Controlling idea: hazardous 8. Topic: Savings bonds Controlling idea: safe 9. Topic: Nicolas Controlling idea: shy 10. Topic: finding a part-time job Controlling idea: problem EXERCISE 4 (Page 18) 1. b 2. b 3. b 4. a 5. a

PHOTOCOPIABLE©Heinle

4 Refining Composition Skills: Academic Writing and Grammar 6th Edition Instructor’s Manual with Answer Key

EXERCISE 5 (Pages 18-19) Answers will vary. Possible responses: 1. The Honda Civic is economical to maintain. 2. My hometown has excellent educational facilities. 3. The sports program at this school needs to offer more sports for girls. 4. Playing tennis is an excellent aerobic workout. 5. Driving a car in a blizzard can be hazardous. 6. Hospitals use computers to keep medical and financial records organized. 7. The park offers softball, horseback riding, and tennis. 8. Watching too much television makes people lazy and overweight. EXERCISE 6 (Pages 19-21) Topic is underlined. Controlling idea is highlighted. 1. Ancient Egyptian society as a whole was, perhaps surprisingly, gender inclusive. 2. The most commonly discussed problem that can arise from using social networking sites unwisely is the possibility of meeting someone who intends to do others physical, emotional, or financial harm. 3. Anyone who saw him once never forgot his nose and his body. 4. We write because we want to understand our lives. 5. Wild tigers will probably soon become extinct. (Topic sentence is implied.) 6. The most important reason for a concerned citizen to learn more about marine biology is to be able to make intelligent decisions about the ocean and the environment. (Topic sentence is implied.) EXERCISE 7 (Page 23) Answers will vary. EXERCISE 8 (Page 25) Controlling idea is highlighted. Topic sentence: Smoking cigarettes is hazardous to your health. Support: 1. Studies have linked the intake of tar and nicotine to cancer. 2. Smoking increases the discomfort for people with asthma and emphysema. 3. Smoking can give one a “smoker’s cough” and contribute to bronchitis. 4. Studies show that cigarette smokers are more susceptible to common colds and flu. Conclusion: Whether you get an insignificant cold or the major killer, cancer, smoking cigarettes is hazardous. EXERCISE 9 (Page 26) Answers will vary.

PHOTOCOPIABLE©Heinle

5 Refining Composition Skills: Academic Writing and Grammar 6th Edition Instructor’s Manual with Answer Key

EXERCISE 10 (Pages 26-27) 1. Topic Sentence: One of the most acclaimed and beloved of Japanese animators is Hayao Miyazaki . . . Irrelevant: This surprises some people who think animation is only for children. 2. Topic Sentence: The most obvious problem with being unemployed is not having the money you need for daily life. Irrelevant: And even though buying clothes may not be a necessity, it is still important. 3. Topic Sentence: I would not want to live to be 500 years old if I was the only really old person, and if everyone else died at the normal time. Irrelevant: I think now sometimes old people do not like being bothered. Irrelevant: I would be like a freak. 4. Topic Sentence: After many years of working toward eliminating poverty, Dr. Mohammad Yunas does not consider himself a charity worker, but a social business entrepreneur. Irrelevant: Nine borrowers/owners of Grameen Bank were elected to accept the prize with him. EXERCISE 11 (Page 30) 1. Sentence order: 4, 1, 2, 5, 6, 3 The hotel business is just one type of enterprise that has profited by the invention of computers. In the hotel business, computers ease the load at the front desk. With a computer, a clerk can make a reservation easily and quickly, without the use of cards, racks, or registration books. And with a computer, the clerk can get an instant update of the room status. This tells the clerk which rooms are available to guests. So when guests come in to register, their reservations can be checked, and they can be given available rooms without much fuss or bother. 2. Sentence order: 1, 3, 4, 8, 5, 6, 7, 2, 9 Political conventions in America attract all kinds of people besides delegates. Groups who wish to attract attention to their political and social causes demonstrate outside the convention halls. The pro-life people, the pro-choice people, the supporters of strong defense spending, those against strong defense spending, and those for same-sex marriage and those who oppose it are probably the most common groups. Others just like to poke fun at the candidates. For instance, at most conventions you will find at least a couple of people wearing masks of their favorite or least favorite candidates. Others dress in costumes and carry signs with outrageous comments about the candidates or the political process. You are sure to see an artist or two doing chalk portraits of the candidates on the sidewalks. No matter who they are or what their reasons are for going to the conventions, these people always add color to the sometimes predictable conventions.

PHOTOCOPIABLE©Heinle

6 Refining Composition Skills: Academic Writing and Grammar 6th Edition Instructor’s Manual with Answer Key

3. Sentence order: 1, 7, 8, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 An example of this kind of prejudice happened to me when I was in the fourth grade. My teacher treated me as if I were about two grade levels below my classmates. My family had just moved here from California, and she did not think I was up with the rest of my class. I remember one time when all of the students were being allowed to choose a book they wanted to read. When it was my turn to choose a book, she laughed at me and said, “Oh, that one is too hard for you. I’ll choose one for you.” I was so embarrassed. I thought that she should not embarrass me in front of the class like that. EXERCISE 12 (Page 31) Answers will vary. Possible responses: 1. Young people want to buy clothes, and they want to save money to buy a car or a stereo or a television. For example, my cousin Celia works at a clothing store and buys all her own clothes. And one of my friends bought himself a used car just from the money he made after school. Young people want to make money for their future. An example of this is saving money for an education after high school. My cousin Robert is doing this for his future. 2. The driving lesson I got from my fiancé was a very distressing one. I started off very well until my fiancé started getting bossy. I did one wrong thing, so he started shouting at me. The little incident occurred when he wanted me to make a U-turn in the middle of the street. As I was trying to do that, I turned the wheels too hard, and the wheels hit the end of the curb. The car stopped right in the middle of the street. Cars were coming in both directions. My fiancé started yelling at me as if he were crazy. So I calmly put the car in park and started to get out to let him drive since I obviously wasn’t doing it the way he wanted. But he grabbed my arm and told me to finish getting the car out of the middle of the street. I decided after this incident that my fiancé was not the right person to teach me to drive. 3. The way women are shown in TV commercials today has changed compared with twenty years ago. Twenty years ago, commercials mostly showed women as brainless housewives. In those commercials, women were concerned about getting the best laundry detergents, the softest toilet paper, or the tastiest soup. They were portrayed as sort of dumb and silly, as if the most important thing in the world were getting hamburger on sale. In commercials today, women are shown as housewives, but they are not portrayed as so dumb. For example, the woman in the commercial I saw last night seemed like a normal, intelligent person. Women in commercials today are not just housewives. They are shown as professional working people, too. For example, in one telephone commercial, a woman with a briefcase is saying goodbye to her child and husband as she is about to catch a plane.

PHOTOCOPIABLE©Heinle

7 Refining Composition Skills: Academic Writing and Grammar 6th Edition Instructor’s Manual with Answer Key

EXERCISE 13 (Page 33) 1. IC Some athletes like the adrenaline rush of competition. 2. IC Team sports help to improve one’s ability to cooperate. 3. DC 4. DC 5. IC She is nervous about jumping out of a plane with a parachute. 6. P 7. DC 8. P EXERCISE 14 (Page 34) The fragments are: While dogs and cats are still the most popular pets in the United States. If you like reptiles. Maybe because of their undeserved reputation for being slimy. Which can be disturbing to some owners. Answers will vary. Possible response: Corrections are in bold. When choosing an animal companion, people have many more choices than ever before. While dogs and cats are still the most popular pets in the United States, fish and birds are becoming more prevalent. Turtles and lizards can make good pets, too, if you like reptiles. Snakes are a little less well-liked; this may be because of their undeserved reputation for being slimy. Ferrets are becoming much more common. They are playful and easy to care for, but ferrets do have a strong odor, which can be disturbing to some owners. EXERCISE 15 (Page 35) -Editing The run on sentences are: Adults have greater success when they pick an instrument they really like not just one they think they should learn to play. / Play with a friend it is more fun. The comma splices are: In fact, adults can be good learners, they often have better concentration than younger people. / You can even start a band, you can encourage each other and learn together. Answers will vary. Possible response: Corrections are in bold. Most adults think that they are too old to learn to play a new instrument. In fact, adults can be good learners as they often have better concentration than younger people. The difficulty for most adults is finding the time to practice. Adults have greater success when they pick an instrument they really like, not just one they think they should learn to play. Keeping the instrument in a place where you see it every day helps you to make time to practice. Play with a friend; it is more fun. You can even start a band. You can encourage each other and learn together. PHOTOCOPIABLE©Heinle

8 Refining Composition Skills: Academic Writing and Grammar 6th Edition Instructor’s Manual with Answer Key

Chapter 3: The Narrative Paragraph From My American Journey by Colin Powell Comprehension (Page 39) 1. They visited Top Hill because General Powell’s father was born there. 2. They traveled a long way, first by jeep, then by foot. They were met by government officials and many townspeople. Schoolchildren played music for them. Then General Powell met many members of his family. 3. It is a long trip. Details to support this are: “road dwindled to a path”; “Handsome homes gave way to humble cottages”; “[Walked] on foot for about fifteen minutes.” 4. They met government officials, 200 people, a school band, and Powell’s family. The first three groups made him feel welcome. Meeting his family made him feel emotional and connected. 5. He had met some before and observed a family resemblance in others. Discussion (Page 39) 1. Answers will vary, but students may comment that he may have wanted to make this trip for a very long time or he may be thinking of his own parents. 2. Answers will vary. Students may find it easier to respond if they have written about this in their journals before it is discussed in class.

The Best Part by Mary Kay Mackin Comprehension (Page 40) 1. The best part of Christmas is the fact that her family members traditionally spend the day together preparing for the Christmas dinner. 2. She describes the family together at breakfast, her conversation with her brother, the arrival of the oldest sister and her family, and the activities leading up to the dinner. 3. When I think about it, this fellowship is really the best part of Christmas Day for me. “The best part (of Christmas Day)” is the controlling idea. Discussion (Page 40) 1. Answers will vary. Students may find it easier to respond if they have written about this in their journals before it is discussed in class. 2. Answers will vary, but students may comment on being with large groups of family that do not always spend time together, people’s expectations that a holiday be perfect, or the amount of planning and preparation required. Ways to relieve the stress may involve planning differently or changing one’s attitude.

PHOTOCOPIABLE©Heinle

9 Refining Composition Skills: Academic Writing and Grammar 6th Edition Instructor’s Manual with Answer Key

The Struggle to Be an All-American Girl by Elizabeth Wong Comprehension (Page 43) 1. Wong and her brother had to go to Chinese school. 2. They didn’t want to go. They kicked and screamed and pleaded not to go. 3. Their mother wanted them to go because she wanted them to learn Chinese. 4. At the Chinese school, she learned politeness, reading, and writing in Chinese. In public school she learned to name the satellites of Mars, do the multiplication tables, and write reports on Black Beauty and Little Women. 5. Wong’s grandmother was a fragile woman in her seventies with a loud, nagging voice. Wong was embarrassed by her. Her grandmother represented everything that Wong didn’t want to be. 6. Her brother was fanatical about speaking English correctly. He treated his mother critically for speaking pidgin English. He was embarrassed by her foreignness. 7. In this sentence, “you” means Americans; “them” means Chinese.

Discussion (Page 43) 1. Wong preferred tacos to egg rolls; she enjoyed Cinco de Mayo more than Chinese New Year. Other answers will vary. 2. Answers will vary. She may feel that she threw away her heritage, never appreciating it as a child. As an adult, she may have a greater appreciation for what she learned; adults often are better able to see the connection between effort and reward than children are. 3. Answers will vary, although given that the students using this book are working to learn English, they might be expected to support Wong’s mother’s efforts. Encourage them to play devil’s advocate and suggest what might have been other useful ways for the children to spend their time. 4. Answers will vary.

EXERCISE 1 (Page 43) Answers will vary. EXERCISE 2 (Page 44) 2. getting 3. enormous 4. rate 5. main 6. papers 7. accomplish 8. difficult / complex / important 9. settlement PHOTOCOPIABLE©Heinle

10 Refining Composition Skills: Academic Writing and Grammar 6th Edition Instructor’s Manual with Answer Key

10. lawyers 11. court EXERCISE 3 (Page 46) Changes are underlined. When people here talk of Mardi Gras, they use the expression “Mardi Gras Madness.” For many people, this delightful madness begins on St. Charles Avenue with the Rex Parade. By nine o’clock, the avenue is lined with people of all ages in colorful costumes, from cavemen to Supermen. They stroll among the crowd and chat with friends and strangers alike. Some dance and some drink. At around ten o’clock, the excitement mounts as the parade begins. First, there is the welcome sound of sirens. The police on motorcycles always lead the parade to make a path through the jubilant crowd. Then a band usually marches by, playing a popular tune such as the theme from a recent movie. At this time people start clapping and dancing to the music. Next come the masked men on horseback. They wave and the crowd waves back. Sometimes a girl goes up and kisses one of the riders! Finally, someone usually shouts, “There it is!” It is the first float carrying men in costumes and masks. Immediately, everyone rushes toward the float. They wave their hands and yell, “Throw me something, Mister!” The men throw beads and souvenir coins to the excited crowd. Usually, they catch the coins, but sometimes one hits the ground. Then several people rush to retrieve it, pushing and shoving if necessary. Then the float passes, but soon another one comes, and the madness continues. After about an hour, the parade passes by, and the first part of Mardi Gras day ends.

EXERCISE 4 (Page 47) Answers will vary. Possible responses: 1. Fumiki happily jumps out of bed. Nobutaka wearily drags himself out of bed. 2. Fumiki selects his clothes with care. Nobutaka throws on his clothes. 3. Fumiki cheerfully opens the curtains to let the sunlight in. Nobutaka doesn’t open the curtains because the glare of the sun hurts his eyes. 4. Fumiki sips some tea and savo...