Relationships Skeleton-1 PDF

Preview

Summary

assignment...

Description

1 Relationships – Skeleton (Building & Maintaining…or even Terminating if necessary) Name:_______________________________________________ The purpose of this assignment is to help you demonstrate the following Student Learning Outcome(s) 1. Demonstrate and explain an understanding of interpersonal communication theories and concepts. 2. Apply interpersonal communication theories and concepts across various contexts. By engaging in the following activities (Student Learning Objectives) 1. Demonstrate an understanding of relationship development & maintenance (climate) as well as identifying, when necessary, to terminate.

Watch the video lecture “10 Forms of Impersonal/Interpersonal Interaction: Yes! There is More than Either Lying or Self-Disclosing” and complete the following: As always, don’t just list the terms; list and explain the terms/concepts! 10 Types of Impersonal and Interpersonal Interaction Overview/Introduction to the 10: 1. Observation: the act of visually scanning to gain information about a situation or person 2. Asking questions: can be learned, promotes conversation 3. Affinity Seeking & Testing 4. Influence (persuasion)/ Attempts & Resistance 5. Games (+/-) 6. Gossip (+/-) 7. Small Talk/ Everyday Convos 8. Role Related Behaviors 9. Deception & Deception Detection 10. Self-Disclosure Watch the video lectures “Definition of Self-Disclosure: Presence of 7 Characteristics”. In addition to the information in the video lectures, as necessary refer to your chapter outline and/or textbook to complete the following: Definitions of Self-Disclosure/Comparing and Contrasting Text and Lecture: NOTE: This could be in another chapter…maybe the Identity Chapter! Look at the Index of your Text!

Text: 1. deliberate 2. significant 3. not known by others Lecture: 1. Personal: only needs to be personal to you 2. Deep: have depth 3. Honest: factual/ the truth 4. Verbal: written or spoken words 5. Not generally available: not common knowledge 6. Directed at another person: directed to someone’s personhood 7. Context of sharing: purposeful

Watch the video lecture “2 Models of Self-Disclosure: A Focus on Altman & Taylor’s Social Penetration Model”. Diagram and explain the Altman and Taylor’s Social Penetration Theory/Model below: Social Penetration Breadth: range of topics Depth: detail of topic/ closeness to your being 1. Clichés 2. Facts 3. Inferences/opinions

2 4. Emotions 1) 2) 3) 4) 5)

Cliches, exchanged some facts Connection, interests, hobbies, family life Inferences & opinions Deeper into interests and opinions Those we confide in

Watch the video lecture “2 Models of Self-Disclosure: A Focus on the Johari Window” Diagram and explain the model below: O: things everyone can see, have told others, others have told you about yourself H: hidden; secrets, thoughts, have not shared B: blind; things others know about you but are unaware that they know U: things we do not yet know

Watch the video lecture “8 Theories of Attraction: From Interaction to Relationship (or not)” to complete the following list with explanations: 1. Appearance: observation; those we find attractive 2. Similarity: people who are like us 3. Complementarity: opposites attract 4. Competence: same level of ability 5. Social exchange: rewards and costs of the relationship 6. Self-disclosure: necessary for interpersonal relationship 7. Reciprocity: reciprocity of attraction 8. Proximity: nearness Watch the video lecture: “Relationships: Definition and Characteristics” and complete the following: Definition + Characteristics of Relationships Definition 1. Mutual consciousness 2. mutual perceived bond 3. mutual influence Characteristics 1. constantly changing (in flux) 2. Interaction ≠ relationships; relationships are built from interaction over time 3. Life breath or depth 4. Affected by culture 5 Types of Relationships (Types of Relational Bonds/Linked to Type of Intimacy-Next Page) 1. Family 2. Marital 3. Romantic 4. Friends

3 5. work Watch the video lecture “The Purpose of Relationships/Why We Form Relationships” to complete the following” Why we Form/Maintain Relationships: 1. To Fulfill needs 2. Learn to be loved & to love 3. To achieve intimacy a. Dimensions (aka types of intimacy) 1-4 i. physical 1-5 ii. intellectual 1-4 iii. emotional 1-5 iv. shared activities 1-4 v. psychological 1-4 vi. spiritual 2&3vii. sexual For 3ai-vii above, write next to each lower case Roman numeral which type(s) of bonds that would be appropriate for each of the types of intimacy. (Now, go back to your chapter outline and/or textbook to complete the following which was not included in the video lecture. It is worth repeating) – again, you may have to find this by using the index of your text. b. M/F Styles: In terms of the amount and depth of information exchanged, female–female relationships are at the top of the disclosure list. Male–female relationships come in second, whereas male–male relationships involve less disclosure than any other type. c. Cultural Influences: Cultural backgrounds affect how we communicate in relationships. d. Intimacy in CMC: mediated communication can be just as personal as face-to-face interaction. In fact, studies show that relational intimacy may develop more quickly through mediated channels than in face-toface communication, and that texting, blogging, and so on enhance verbal, emotional, and social intimacy in interpersonal relationships. e. The Limits of Intimacy: it is impossible to have a close relationship with everyone; not desirable. Make sure you have read and outlined Gudykunst’s reading on the Dialectical Perspective located under Additional Readings in Blackboard. (You will attach that Outline to this Skeleton.)

RELATIONAL DEVELOPMENT and MAINTENANCE Watch the video lecture “Introduction to 2 Models of Relationship Development, Maintenance, and Termination: The Stage (Knapp’s) and the Phase (aka the Dialectical Perspective) Models. Compare and Contrast the 2 Models of Relational Development, Maintenance and Termination: The Stage Model and Phase Model (Dialectical Perspective):    

Stage Model Western perspective Very linear Identify stage of relationship Cannot move into next stage

  

nsh

Phase Model Eastern perspective Constant flux Provides strategies to keep relationships

1”

4 Diagram and explain the Stage Model 1) Initiating: scripted/ clichés 2) Experimenting: small talk 3) Intensifying: s/d 4) Integrating: social unite 5) Bonding: public ritual 6) Differentiating: focus on differences 7) Circumscribing: Safe topics 8) Stagnating: Standstill/ civil 9) Avoiding: Uncivil 10) Terminating: relationship ends

Watch the video lecture “The Stage Model of Relationship Development, Maintenance, and Termination, Part 2: The Seven Characteristics of the Model” List and explain those 7 Characteristics of the Model: 1. Movement usually systematic & sequential 2. Movement is usually horizontal or vertical 3. Movement can be backwards or forwards 4. Relationships can also skip stages 5. Stages are not distinct 6. An American model 7. Descriptive model (vs prescriptive) Now, for some reflection to apply the model to your life. Think of two relationships that you are currently in or that have ended. Explain the relationship’s movement within the stage model while also highlighting how this movement illustrates the 7 characteristics of the model. My current romantic relationship is currently at the ‘stagnant’ stage; in a good way. I still consider it to be fairly new (just over a year). I still expect for us to “re-visit” (3. Movement can be backwards or forwards) to better develop our relationship. In the ‘initiating’ stage, our conversations were about work. In the experimenting stage, our conversations were about our family (how many siblings etc.) Intensifying: our current (at that time) relationship status (both single) and the “why?” In the bonding stage, we went on dates and further discussed our lives. We are currently in a stagnant stage, due to our opposite intense work schedules. Watch the video lecture “The Phase Model (Dialectical Perspective) of Relationship Development, Maintenance, and Termination, Part 1: The Three Dialectical Tensions” to complete the following: Compare and contrast the Stage Model to the Phase Model:

   

Stage Model Western perspective Very linear Identify stage of relationship Cannot move into next stage

  

Phase Model Eastern perspective Constant flux Provides strategies to keep relationships

5 Explain what a dialectical tension is: Inherent conflicts that arise when two opposing or incompatible forces exist simultaneously. Explain the 3 Dialectical Tensions: 1. Autonomy-connection: the conflicting desires for both dependence and independence 2. Closedness (Privacy)-Openness: the tension between the need for disclosure and the need for privacy 3. Predictability-Novelty: the tension between the need for stability and the need for change in a relationship Explain the gender differences of the three tensions: Men tend to prefer autonomy & women prefer connection Men prefer independence over interdependence; the opposite is true for women Men prefer privacy or closedness, women prefer openness Men prefer predictability, women prefer novelty. Explain how these three tensions operate three levels: The three tensions occur intrapersonally with each person, they occur interpersonally within the relationship. They also occur at the level of the relationship to the broader society. Use the additional reading from this week. Make sure you have read/outlined and understood that article. Then, watch the video lecture “The Phase Model (Dialectical Perspective) of Relationship Development, Maintenance, and Termination, Part 2: The 4 Phases” to complete the following:

1. Autonomy to Connection Definition: Where we get to know people and decide whether we want to form a relationship with them c. Two aspects to the Novelty-predictability dialect: Individual episodes & Interaction episodes a. Novelty balanced via scripts b. Closedness must be high and openness violet to move forward 2. Autonomy and connection Definition: We work out the details of how we will be connected to others a. Novelty is high; balanced w/ relationship rituals b. openness is high; discussing the relationship is taboo 3. Autonomy connection synthesis Definition: autonomy and connection are not view connection are not viewed as opposites. A way to synthesize the two has been worked out. a. autonomy - connection b. predictability- novelty c. openness - connection 4. Connection to autonomy Definition: When partners in a relationship cannot sustain the autonomy connection synthesis a. Novelty is high; predictability = conflict b. Openness high; negative and not balanced

6 Watch the video lecture “The Phase Model (Dialectical Perspective) of Relationship Development, Maintenance, and Termination, Part 3: Managing the Tension” to complete the following: 1. Reaffirmation: acknowledges that dialectal tensions will never disappear 2. Alternation: used to choose one end of the dialectical spectrum at sometimes and the other end at other times 3. Segmentation: used to compartmentalize different areas of their relationship 4. Balance: recognizing that both forces are legitimate and try to manage through compromise 5. Integration: to simultaneously accept opposing forces without trying to diminish them. 6. Recalibration: responding to dialectical challenges by reframing them so that the apparent contradiction disappears 7. Denial: responding to one end of the dialectical spectrum and ignore the other. 8. Disorientation: feeling so overwhelmed and helpless that they are unable to confront their problems Go back to your chapter outline and/or textbook to complete the following: Self-Disclosure: Benefits/Risks/Guidelines. You will need to refer to these notes while we discuss the Leilani and Malcolm Activity in Class. So listing and explaining theses Benefits/Risks/Guidelines bears repeating! Again, look at the index of your textbook – this might be within the Identity Chapter! Benefits of Self-Disclosure 1.) Catharsis 2.) Reciprocity 3.) Self-clarification 4.) Self-validation 5.) Building and maintaining relationships 6.) Social influence Risks of Self-Disclosure 1.) Rejection 2.) Negative impression 3.) decrease in relational satisfaction 4.) Loss of influence 5.) Hurting the other person Guidelines for Self-Disclosure (MAKE SURE YOU DO GUIDELINES and NOT the Definition!) 1.) Is the other person important to you? 2.) Are the amount and type of disclosure appropriate? 3.) Is the risk of disclosing reasonable? 4.) Will the effect be constructive? 5.) Is the self-disclosure reciprocated? 6.) Do you have an obligation to disclose? Go back to your chapter outline and/or textbook to complete the following because it bears repeating: Relationships Require Maintenance 1. Positivity 2. Openness 3. Assurances 4. Social networks 5. Sharing tasks

7 Repairing Damaged Relationships Types of Transgressions 1. lack of commitment 2. distance 3. disrespect 4. problematic emotions 5. aggression Strategies for Relational Repair 1. expressing regret 2. accepting responsibility 3.making restitutions 4. genuinely repenting 5. requesting forgiveness Forgiving Transgressions 1. Acceptance 2. Rejection 3. Discussion Communicating About Relationships Content/Relational Types of Relational Messages 1. 2. 3. 4.

Affinity Immediacy Respect Control

Metacommunication Messages (usually relational) that refer to other messages; communication about communication.

Typed Skeleton/ Chapter Notes 10 Types of Impersonal and Interpersonal Interaction Observation: the act of visually scanning to gain information about a situation or person Asking questions: can be learned, promotes conversation Affinity Seeking & Testing

8 Influence (persuasion)/ Attempts & Resistance Games (+/-) Gossip (+/-) Small Talk/ Everyday Convos Role Related Behaviors Deception & Deception Detection Self-Disclosure Definition of Self-Disclosure: deliberate significant not known by others Personal: only needs to be personal to you Deep: have depth Honest: factual/ the truth Verbal: written or spoken words Not generally available: not common knowledge Directed at another person: directed to someone’s personhood Context of sharing: purposeful Cliches, exchanged some facts 2 Models of Self-Disclosure Connection, interests, hobbies, family life Social Penetration Inferences & opinions Breadth: range of topics Deeper into interests and opinions Depth: detail of topic/ closeness to your being Those we confide in Clichés Facts Inferences/opinions Emotions

Focus on the Johari Window

Theories of Attraction Appearance: observation; those we find attractive Similarity: people who are like us Complementarity: opposites attract Competence : same level of ability Social exchange: rewards and costs of the relationship Self-disclosure: necessary for interpersonal relationship

9 Reciprocity: reciprocity of attraction Proximity: nearness Relationships: Definition and Characteristics Mutual consciousness mutual perceived bond mutual influence constantly changing (in flux) Interaction ≠ relationships; relationships are built from interaction over time Life breath or depth Affected by culture 5 Types of Relationships 1. Family 2. Marital 3. Romantic 4. Friends 5. work Watch the video lecture “The Purpose of Relationships/Why We Form Relationships” to complete the following” Why we Form/Maintain Relationships: To Fulfill needs Learn to be loved & to love To achieve intimacy Dimensions (aka types of intimacy) physical intellectual emotional shared activities psychological spiritual sexual

Gudykunst Article Typed Notes Our needs influential movement through the stages Movement through the stages depends on whether bold people want it to change Paradoxes contradictions and inconsistencies in relationships This stage model of relationship development and deterioration focuses on the consistent patterns that occur as our relationships with others develop and deteriorate overtime Contradictions and paradoxes provide an alternative approach to understanding our relationship apps with others

10 Primary relational dialects Three primary dialects:  Autonomy connection  Novelty predictability  Openness- Closeness Developing quality relationships requires balancing our needs for autonomy and connection and being aware of our partners needs for autonomy and connection. Developing quality relationships require that we recognize our needs for predictability for novelty. Predictability: the basic need in relationships because it allows us to coordinate our interactions with others Openness: necessary to develop intimacy with others Since the autonomy connection dialect is primary, a can be used to define phases of relational paradoxes and contradictions. Autonomy to connection Two aspects have novelty predictability dialect:  Individual episodes  Interaction episodes If others engage in high degree of openness during this phase of your relationships help some reduce our uncertainty. Autonomy in connection We must work out new ways to be connected when things change in our relationships The ambivalent conflict and instability that occur during this phase latest to focus in our need for predictability. Partners in romantic relationships may also use special places or songs to mark their relationship. Conflict that occurs during the autonomy and connection phase threatens the relational predictability, but it also provides novelty in the relationship Autonomy connection synthesis How can we maintain our autonomy connection sentence and in the presence of pressure for change? Two sources of predictability:  Routines  Becoming overconfident No relationship can sustain the same autonomy connection sentences for the life of their relationship. The length of time that relationship remains in autonomy connection phase can vary tremendously. When changes in a relationship record the next phase depends on the people involved and what they want from their relationship. Connection to autonomy When partners in a relationship cannot sustain autonomy connection synthesis, they workout come out they evolve into the 4th face. In this face we have ambivalent feelings. When our relationship starts resolving the source of predictability, we may have is that conflict will occur. Comparing stages and faces The dialect and stage models are alternative ways to explain our relationship develop in change overtime. Understanding our relationships records was understanding general patterns and recognizing the contradictions and inconsistencies that take place in our unique relationships

11 Group members in the development of close relationships. Our culture and our ethnicity influence the types of relationships we form, the rules that influence how we communicate in non gosh relationships, and the way our relationship develop....