Research Paper on Academic Strands PDF

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COMPARISON OF THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF BUSINESSADMINISTRATION STUDENTS OF NOTRE DAME OF KIDAPAWANCOLLEGE; ABM VERSUS NON-ABM.nullnullnullA Research paper submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements in Methods of Research (BA 200) for the Degree Master in Business AdministrationEFREN REY B...

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COMPARISON OF THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION STUDENTS OF NOTRE DAME OF KIDAPAWAN COLLEGE; ABM VERSUS NON-ABM.

A Research paper submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements in Methods of Research (BA 200) for the Degree Master in Business Administration

EFREN REY B. DEL ROSARIO May 2020

ABSTRACT

DEL ROSARIO, EFREN REY B., 2020. “Comparison of the Academic Performance of Business Administration Students of Notre Dame of Kidapawan College; ABM Versus Non-ABM.”

A problem arising from allowing senior high school graduates to select the college degree that is not related to the strand he/she graduated was observed by the researcher and connected this misalignment to the possible effects on college academic performance. This study aims to measure the academic performance of the second year business administration students of Notre Dame of Kidapawan College and determine whether graduates of ABM strand in senior high school has significantly higher academic performance than the Non-ABM strand graduates. Quantitative approach of research, specifically the comparative research design was used to analyse the data that was collected from the respondents through a survey questionnaire. Independent one-tailed T-test was used to test the hypothesis and showed a p-value or sig 1-tailed equal to .001 which is less than the set level of significance 0.05 and a Cohen‟s D value of 0.87 (large). This means that the null hypothesis (that the academic performance of second year business administration students who were ABM graduates is equal or lower than the Non-ABM graduates) is rejected. This further means that the graduates of ABM strand have significantly higher academic performance than nonABM graduates and the independent variables has large effect on the dependent variable of this study. This agreed to the results of the research of Sicat & Panganiban (2009) and Amasuomo (2014) that used similar variables showing the relationship of high school background to college academic performance. ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The researcher, with grateful and joyful heart, extends his warmest and sincerest thanks and commendation to the following who have exerted individual efforts in the accomplishment of this study: First and foremost, to God Almighty for providing him good physical health, emotional stability, heavenly knowledge and wisdom, unending blessings and financial capacity that made it easy for him to accomplish this study. All the glory, honor and adoration are for Him alone, for he knows that without Him he wouldn‟t have finished this study; To Dr. Blenn B. Nimer, PhD, his mentor and adviser of this study, for sharing his knowledge and support in the conduct of this study , and for the advices and recommendations that made this study even more presentable; To Dr. Klemm Ryan Z. Bernabe, Department head of College of Business and Accountancy of Notre Dame of Kidapawan College, for allowing the researcher to conduct this study, and to the second year business administration students who served as the respondents for their kindness and patience in answering the questionnaires; and Finally, to his friends and classmates for being there in times of need and for the encouragement that helped strengthen his determination to complete this study. Their efforts will always be remembered and will never be forgotten.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page TITLE PAGE

i

ABSTRACT

ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

iii

LIST OF TABLES

vi

LIST OF FIGURES

vii

Chapter 1

2

1

INSTRODUCTION Background of the Study

1

Statement of the Problem

3

Objective of the Study

3

Significance of the Study

4

Scope and Limitation of the Study

4

Definition of Terms

5

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

6

Related Literature

6

Academic Performance

6

Alignment of Senior High School Strand to College Degree

8

Academic Performance and Alignment of Senior High School Strand to College Degree

11

Synthesis

12

Theoretical Framework

13

Conceptual Framework

14

Research Hypothesis

15

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Page 3

4

5

METHODOLOGY

16

Methods Used

16

Sources of Data

17

Data Gathering Instrument

17

Sampling Technique

18

Procedure of the Study

18

Securing Permission

18

Data Mining Data Tabulation

18

Analysis

19

Interpretation

19

Statistical Treatment

20

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

22

18

Demographic Profile of Respondents

22

Grades of Business Administration Students that are ABM graduates

23

Grades of Business Administration Students that are Non ABM graduates

24

Comparison of Grades of ABM and Non ABM Graduates

24

SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

27

Summary

27

Conclusions

30

Recommendations

31

REFERENCES

33

APPENDICES

36

A

RESEARCH INSTRUMENT

37

B

LETTER

38

C

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS

39

CURRICULUM VITAE

49 v

LIST OF TABLES

Table

Title

Page

1

Tests of Normality

20

2

Demographic Profile of Second Year Business Administration Student of Notre Dame of Kidapawan College for School Year 2019-2020.

22

3

Descriptive Statistics of Grades of Business Administration Students that are ABM Graduates.

23

4

Descriptive Statistics of Grades of Business Administration Students that are Non ABM Graduates.

24

5

Independent Sample Test of Average Grades of Second Year Business Administration Students of NDKC; ABM versus Non ABM Graduates.

24

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure

Title

Page

1

Tinto‟s Social Integration Theory Conceptual Schema

13

2

Schematic Diagram Showing the Variables of the Study

14

3

Test of Normality Plots

20

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1

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

This chapter presents the background of the study, statement of the problem, objective, significance and scope and limitations of the study will be presented. It will also include definition of terms.

Background of the Study The Philippine education system, starting from the school year 2016 – 2017 adapted through the implementation of Republic Act No. 10533 the K-to-12 program, otherwise known as the “Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013,” approved on May 15, 2013, and which took effect on June 8, 2013. This program is a specialized program that added two years to the previous ten-year basic education program of the Philippines (Philippines Official Gazette, 2013). A problem arose when Commission on Higher Education (CHEd) and Department of Education (DepEd) allowed crossovers of College course taken, which is allowing students to choose courses not related to the strand they took up in Senior High School. A student perhaps after finishing STEM wants to pursue a business and management related college degree; because of misalignment of the strand and college degree, he/she is now required to take additional courses called “bridging programs” if he/she wants to take ABM major in college which is taken during the first year of college or weeks in summer before college starts (Acdedios, 2018).

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A study by Sicat & Panganiban (2009) regarding high school background and academic performance which used UP entrance test score, a variable that can be considered as a measure of academic performance, as the dependent variable resulted to a conclusion that high school background plays an important role to the UP entrance test score. A study about the levels of academic performance of two groups of students admitted with different entry certificates to the Nigeria certificate in Education (NCE); Senior Secondary School Certificates (SSCE) or City and Guilds (C&G)/West African Examination Council (WAEC), was conducted by Amasuomo (2014) to find out whether either group differed significantly in terms of performance. The SSCE certificate holder presents a relatively better academic performance than those with C&G/WAEC certificate when the mean scores are considered; this significant difference could be attributed to the difference in academic background of both groups in terms of their entry qualifications; and the type of schools they attended (one group attended secondary schools, the other attended technical colleges) (Amasuomo, 2014). Upon reading related literature with this topic, the researcher noticed lack of studies that are related to this research topic. Studies related to the problem of misalignment of college degree to the senior high school strand and its impact on the academic performance of students are very limited to none. That is why the researcher chose this topic to be studied; to compare the academic performance of the ABM and Non-ABM graduates to further tackle the issue of misalignment of the SHS strand and

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college course; if there is a significant difference that is if the ABM graduates have higher academic performance than those that are non-ABM graduates, it can trigger a discussion on whether the allowed crossover of SHS strand/track to different major in college through bridging programs is questionable or not.

Statement of the Problem The study focused on the comparison of the academic performance of students of Notre Dame of Kidapawan College currently enrolled in the business administration program for first semester of the academic year 2019-2020 in terms of whether they graduated from Accountancy, Business, and Management (ABM) strand during Senior High School or not. Specifically, it aims to answer the following questions: 1. What is the academic performance, measured by grades during the first semester subjects, of the second year business administration students of NDKC that graduated ABM strand in SHS? 2. What is the academic performance, measured by grades during the first semester subjects, of the second year business administration students of NDKC who were not graduates of ABM strand in SHS? 3. Is the academic performance of ABM graduates significantly higher than that of the academic performance of Non-ABM graduates?

Objective of the Study This study aims to measure the academic performance of the second year business administration students of Notre Dame of Kidapawan College and determine

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whether graduates of ABM strand in senior high school has significantly higher academic performance than the Non-ABM strand graduates.

Significance of the Study The study is focused on finding out whether the academic performance of the ABM graduates is significantly higher than that of those Non-ABM graduates. Moreover, the study will be beneficial to the following; CHEd and DepEd. Results may be useful to further study this topic and to broaden its scope to national level. If results will be the same, then it can be used to support a revisit in the existing rules on transition from Senior High to College and make clearer guidelines that Universities and Colleges can follow. NDKC College of Business and Accountancy. They will be able to assess and compare the second year business administration students‟ academic performance and provide supplementary lessons to those non ABM graduates if ever results show a significantly higher academic performance of ABM graduates. Researcher. This is a final requirement for the subject Methods of Research which the researcher took for his post graduate study, Masters of Business Administration, at Notre Dame of Kidapawan College Graduate School.

Scope and Limitation of the Study The study is focused on the comparison of academic performance - measured by the grades in subjects related to business of business administration students with respect to the Senior High School Strand they graduated. The data came from all the

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second year business administration students of Notre Dame of Kidapawan College for the school year 2019-2020 which will represent the population for the study. Although this research has reached its objectives, the researcher encountered unavoidable limitations; first, because of the limited time, the respondents chosen were only a small fraction of the total population of second year business administration students in the Philippines. Therefore, to generalize the results a larger portion and geographical scope should be considered. Second, because of time constraint and differences in schedule, only 59 out of the 83 second year students was surveyed and only 51 was usable data. Third, this study did not consider other factors that may affect the academic performance of the students.

Definition of Terms Academic Performance – Measured by the grades of the second year business administration students in business related subjects; Basic Microeconomics, Elements of Business Mathematics, Basic Finance, Principles of Management and Business Organization, and Principles of Marketing.

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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter presents the literature and previous studies related to this research. The purpose of this literature review is to give the readers overview of the subtopics of this research; academic performance, alignment of senior high school strand ( Accountancy, Business and Management - ABM) to their college course which is BS in Business administration and the difference in the academic performance of ABM and Non-ABM graduates. This chapter will also present the theoretical and conceptual framework to further understand this study.

Related Literature Academic Performance. This term has been defined in many researches by various authors. Academic performance is an outcome of education, that is, the degree of achievement of goal (which differ from one individual or institution to another) of a student, teacher or institution over a specific period of time that can be measured through examinations and continuous evaluation (Narad & Abdullah, 2016). Academic performance and achievement, although interrelated, have different definitions. Academic performance is the observable and measurable behavior of a student in a given situation such as scores from a teacher-made test while academic achievement is the action of completing or attaining by exertion or anything won by exertion or a distinguished or successful action (Yusuf, 2002).

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According to Aba & Makinde (2020), academic performance refers to the level of accomplishment in written works and exams; how the students cope with their studies and accomplish different task given by their teachers which is measured from the standpoint of academic grades. The definitions given by authors shows that academic performance is a measurable variable, such as academic grade, which is a result of how a student, teacher or institution accomplish their goal in a specific period of time. Previous studies measured academic performance through the student‟s grade or general/grade point average (GPA) or general weighted average (GWA) ( Magpily & Mercado 2015; Patron, 2016; Bangcola, 2016; Capuno, Necesario, Etcuban, Espina, Padillo & Manguilimotan 2019). As it is the commonly used measurement of academic performance, Average grades for business related subjects will also be used to measure the business administration students‟ performance in this study. Academic performance is influenced by a lot of factors. Some of the factors are learning style, study habits, and attitude of students ( Bangcola, 2016; Magulod 2019; Capuno et al., 2019). These authors, through their research, concluded a significant relationship between these variables and the academic performance of students. A positive and statistically significant impact was found between adequacy and functionality of school learning facilities, proper guidance from parents, communication skills and student‟s performance (Singh, Malik, & Singh 2016; Olufemioladebinu, Adediran & Oyediran, 2018). There a significant and positive correlation between general mental ability, home environment, interest and academic performance of students (Dev, 2016).

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Although a lot of researches was conducted to find the factors affecting the academic performance of students, there are a lot of other factors that are not yet considered specially factors that are based on a local situation. Singh et al. (2016) limited their study with the impact of specific variables on student‟s academic performance and recommended to conduct further studies to analyze other factors that can influence or have a significant impact on student‟s academic performance. In Philippine setup, there are local factors that can affect a student‟s performance in the tertiary level of education like the alignment of senior high school strand to the course in college. This is the main topic of this research topic.

Alignment of Senior High School Strand to College Degree. Beginning school year 2016-2017, Philippines implemented Republic Act No. 10533, entitled “An Act Enhancing the Philippine Basic Education System by Strengthening Its Curriculum and Increasing the Number of Years for Basic Education, Appropriating Funds Therefor and for Other Purposes,” otherwise known as the “Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013,” approved on May 15, 2013, and which took effect on June 8, 2013. This program is a specialized program that added two years to the previous ten-year basic education program of the Philippines (Philippines Official Gazette, 2013). For the two years, students are allowed to choose a specialization based on their aptitude, interests, and capacity. There are four academic track to choose from namely; Academic; Arts and Design; Sports; and Technical-Vocational-Livelihood. The academic track was further subdivided into four strands;

Accountancy, Business, and

Management (ABM); Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS); Science, Technology,

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Engineering and Mathematics (STEM); ); and the General Academic (GA) (RA 10533, 2013). Senior High School serves as the preparatory stage for students before entering tertiary level of education; through the use of higher level of teaching, broader and diverse lessons together with actual application of learning in real life, Senior High School program will equip learners with skills that will prepare them for higher education. SHS program offers core, applied and specialized subjects that will equip students on their fields of interest that are based on the strand they belong to (Bonquin, M. R., Castillo, R. D., De Guzman J., Delos Reyes, D. M., De Torres, B., Flores, K., Pilapil, K. M., Plamo, L., 2017) A huge role is played by SHS strand and undergraduate program preference in the career path of a student. Jacolbia, Balitaan, Deloria, ...