Review Questions for Exam 5 PDF

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Review Questions for Exam 5 Chapter 12 The Central Nervous System Match the following: A) Parietal lobe B) Temporal lobe C) Insula D) Frontal lobe E) Occipital lobe 1) Primary auditory cortex 2) Primary somatosensory cortex. 3) Primary motor cortex. 4) Broca’s area 5) Premotor area. 6) Primary visual cortex 7) Seat of intelligence, abstract reasoning. Answers: 1) B 2) A 3) D 4) D 5) D 6) E 7) D Match the following: A) Primary motor cortex B) Prefrontal area C) Hypothalamus D) Thalamus 8) A major relay station for sensory information ascending to primary sensory areas of the cerebral cortex. Contains many specialized nuclei. 9) The axons from this area form the major pyramidal tracts. Answers: 8) D 9) A 10) Cell bodies of the somatic motor neurons of the spinal nerves are located in the ventral horn of the spinal cord. Answer: TRUE 11) The adult spinal cord ends between L1 and L2. Answer: TRUE 1 Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

12) Cerebrospinal fluid circulates within the ventricles of the brain and in the subarachnoid space outside the brain. Answer: TRUE 13) The first obvious sign that the nervous system is forming in the embryo is the thickening of the surface ectoderm to form the neural plate. Answer: TRUE 14) The limbic system acts as our emotional brain. Answer: TRUE 15) The canal connecting the third and fourth ventricles and running through the midbrain is the interventricular foramen. Answer: FALSE 16) One functional center found within the medulla oblongata is a respiratory center involved in the control of the rate and depth of breathing. Answer: TRUE 17) Sorting of sensory information and relaying it to the appropriate cerebral sensory area occurs in the hypothalamus. Answer: FALSE Multiple-Choice Questions 18) Nuclei of cranial nerves V, VI, and VII are found in the ________. A) midbrain B) medulla C) pons D) cerebrum Answer: C 19) The arbor vitae refers to ________. A) cerebellar gray matter B) cerebellar white matter C) the pleatlike convolutions of the cerebellum D) flocculonodular nodes Answer: B 20) The brain stem consists of the ________. A) cerebrum, pons, midbrain, and medulla B) midbrain, medulla, and pons C) pons, medulla, cerebellum, and midbrain D) midbrain only Answer: B 2 Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

21) The primary auditory cortex is located in the ________. A) prefrontal lobe B) frontal lobe C) temporal lobe D) parietal lobe Answer: C 22) What cells line the ventricles of the brain? A) ependymal cells B) neurons C) epithelial cells D) astrocytes Answer: A 23) The subarachnoid space lies between what two layers of meninges? A) arachnoid and epidura B) arachnoid and pia C) arachnoid and dura D) dura and epidura Answer: B 24) The vital centers for the control of heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure are located in the ________. A) pons B) medulla C) midbrain D) cerebrum Answer: B 25) Cell bodies of the sensory neurons of the spinal nerves are located in ________. A) the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord B) the ventral root ganglia of the spinal cord C) the thalamus D) sympathetic ganglia Answer: A 26) Which fissure separates the cerebral hemispheres? A) central fissure B) longitudinal fissure C) parieto-occipital fissure D) lateral fissure Answer: B

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27) A shallow groove on the surface of the cortex is called a ________. A) sulcus B) fissure C) gyrus D) furrow Answer: A 28) Which of the following generalizations does not describe the cerebral cortex? A) The cerebral cortex contains three kinds of functional areas. B) Each hemisphere is chiefly concerned with sensory and motor functions of the contralateral side of the body. C) The hemispheres are exactly equal in function. D) No functional area of the cortex works alone. Answer: C 29) The central sulcus separates which lobes? A) frontal from parietal B) parietal from occipital C) temporal from parietal D) frontal from temporal Answer: A 30) Which of these would you not find in the cerebral cortex? A) cell bodies B) dendrites C) unmyelinated axons D) fiber tracts Answer: D 31) The hypothalamus ________. A) is the thermostat of the body because it regulates temperature B) is an important auditory and visual relay center C) has the Pulvinar body as part of its structure D) mediates sensations Answer: A 32) Which of the following is not a role of the basal nuclei? A) regulating attention and cognition B) controlling starting and stopping movements C) regulating skeletal muscle tone D) initiating protective reflex actions Answer: D

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33) Ridges of tissue on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres are called ________. A) gyri B) sulci C) fissures D) ganglia Answer: A 34) Broca's area ________. A) corresponds to Brodmann's area 8 B) is usually found in the right hemisphere C) serves the recognition of complex objects D) is considered a motor speech area Answer: D 35) Which part of the cerebral cortex is involved in intellect, cognition, recall, and personality? A) prefrontal cortex B) posterior association area C) limbic association area D) combined primary somatosensory cortex and somatosensory association cortex Answer: A 36) Which of the following is not part of the basal nuclei? A) putamen B) caudate nucleus C) globus pallidus D) substantia nigra Answer: D 37) All of the following are structures of the limbic system except the ________. A) hippocampus B) cingulate gyrus C) amygdaloid nucleus D) caudate nucleus Answer: D 38) Which of the following is not a midbrain structure? A) third ventricle B) cerebral peduncles C) corpora quadrigemina D) substantia nigra Answer: A

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39) The brain area that regulates activities that control the state of wakefulness or alertness of the cerebral cortex is the ________. A) thalamus B) reticular formation C) pyramids D) limbic system Answer: B 40) Which of the following is not a function of the CSF? A) reduction of brain weight B) protection from blows C) nourishment of the brain D) initiation of some nerve impulses Answer: D 41) Tremor at rest, shuffling gait, stooped posture, and expressionless face are characteristics of ________. A) Huntington's disease B) Parkinson's disease C) cerebellar disease D) spinal cord disease Answer: B 42) White matter (myelinated fibers) is found in all of the following locations except the ________. A) corpus callosum B) cerebral cortex C) corticospinal tracts D) outer portion of the spinal cord Answer: B 43) Loss of ability to perform skilled motor activities such as piano playing, with no paralysis or weakness in specific muscles, might suggest damage to the ________. A) spinal cord B) premotor cortex C) primary motor cortex D) rubrospinal tracts Answer: B Fill-in-the-Blank/Short Answer Questions 44) The fourth ventricle is continuous with the ________ of the spinal cord. Answer: central canal 45) The large commissure that connects the right and left sides of the brain is called the ________. Answer: corpus callosum 6 Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

46) The ________ is a conduction pathway between higher and lower brain centers and houses nuclei for cranial nerves V-VIII. Answer: pons 47) The infundibulum connects the hypothalamus to the ________. Answer: pituitary gland 48) The structures that protrude externally through the dura mater to absorb cerebrospinal fluid into venous blood are the ________. Answer: arachnoid villi 49) The ________ includes the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus. Answer: diencephalon 50) The two longitudinal ridges on the medulla oblongata where many descending fibers cross over are called the ________. Answer: pyramids 51) The ________ is a protective mechanism that helps maintain a stable environment for the brain. Answer: blood-brain barrier

Chapter 13 The Peripheral Nervous System Match the following: A) Accessory B) Vagus C) Vestibulocochlear D) Olfactory E) Abducens 1) Formed by the union of a cranial and a spinal root. 2) Receptors located in epithelium of the nasal cavity. 3) Serves the senses of hearing and equilibrium. 4) Helps to regulate blood pressure and digestion. 5) Turns the eyeball laterally. Answers: 1) A 2) D 3) C 4) B 5) E

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True/False Questions 6) There are 41 pairs of spinal nerves. Answer: FALSE 7) The glossopharyngeal nerve is the only cranial nerve that contains sensory fibers. Answer: FALSE 8) The second cranial nerve forms a chiasm at the base of the brain for partial crossover of neural fibers. Answer: TRUE 9) The only cranial nerves to extend beyond the head and neck region are the vagus nerves. Answer: TRUE 10) The cerebellum and basal nuclei are involved in regulating motor activity, starting and stopping movements, and coordinating postural movements. Answer: TRUE Multiple-Choice Questions 11) The ________ nerve is not a branch of the trigeminal nerve. A) ophthalmic B) maxillary C) cervical D) mandibular Answer: C 12) Which of the following is not an example of an exteroceptor? A) touch B) pressure C) pain D) temperature E) baroreceptor Answer: E 13) The cranial nerve with a dual origin (brain and spinal cord) is the ________. A) hypoglossal B) accessory C) vagus D) glossopharyngeal Answer: B

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14) The abducens nerve ________. A) supplies innervation to the lateral rectus muscle of the eye B) relays sensory information from taste buds on the tongue C) exits from the medulla D) if paralyzed, exhibits Bell's palsy Answer: A 15) Pressure, pain, and temperature receptors in the skin are ________. A) interoceptors B) exteroceptors C) proprioceptors D) mechanoreceptors Answer: B 16) Potentially damaging stimuli that result in pain are selectively detected by ________. A) interoceptors B) photoreceptors C) nociceptors D) proprioceptors Answer: C 17) Nerves that carry impulses toward the CNS only are ________. A) afferent nerves B) efferent nerves C) motor nerves D) mixed nerves Answer: A 18) Mixed cranial nerves containing both motor and sensory fibers include all except which of the following? A) oculomotor B) olfactory C) trigeminal D) facial Answer: B 19) The cranial nerves that have neural connections with the tongue include all except the ________. A) trigeminal B) facial C) glossopharyngeal D) trochlear Answer: D

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20) Problems in balance may follow trauma to which nerve? A) abducens B) vestibulocochlear C) trigeminal D) accessory Answer: B 21) A fracture of the ethmoid bone could result in damage to which cranial nerve? A) glossopharyngeal B) vagus C) olfactory D) accessory Answer: C 22) Select the statement that is most correct. A) Ganglia are collections of neuron cell bodies in the spinal cord that are associated with efferent fibers. B) Ganglia associated with afferent nerve fibers contain cell bodies of sensory neurons. C) The dorsal root ganglion is a motor-only structure. D) The cell bodies of afferent ganglia are located in the spinal cord. Answer: B 23) A patient who received a blow to the side of the skull exhibits the following signs and symptoms on that side of the face: he is unable to close his eye, and the corner of his mouth droops. Which cranial nerve has been damaged? A) facial B) glossopharyngeal C) hypoglossal D) accessory Answer: A 24) If the ventral root of a spinal nerve were cut, what would be the result in the tissue or region that nerve supplies? A) complete loss of sensation B) a complete loss of voluntary movement C) loss of neither sensation nor movement but only of autonomic control D) a complete loss of sensation and movement Answer: B Fill-in-the-Blank/Short Answer Questions 25) The perineurium defines the boundary of a ________. Answer: fascicle 26) The ________ nerve is the largest of the cranial nerves. Answer: trigeminal 10 Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

27) Ventral spinal cord roots contain ________ fibers, while the dorsal roots contain ________ fibers. Answer: motor (efferent); sensory (afferent) 28) The facial nerve is cranial nerve number ________. Answer: VII Chapter 14 The Autonomic Nervous System A) Parasympathetic B) Sympathetic 1) Short preganglionic, long postganglionic fibers. 2) Collateral ganglia. 3) Active after you have eaten a meal. 4) Decreases heart rate. 5) Stimulates ciliary muscles of the eye. 6) Increases blood pressure. Answers: 1) B 2) B 3) A 4) A 5) A 6) B Match the following: A) Norepinephrine (NE) B) Acetylcholine (ACh) 7) Preganglionic sympathetic. 8) Preganglionic parasympathetic. 9) Postganglionic sympathetic to sweat glands. 10) Postganglionic parasympathetic. 11) Most postganglionic sympathetic. Answers: 7) B 8) B 9) B 10) B 11) A True/False Questions 12) The rami communicantes are associated only with the sympathetic division of the ANS. Answer: TRUE 11 Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

13) The gray rami communicantes consist of myelinated postganglionic fibers. Answer: FALSE 14) The autonomic nervous system may cause activation or inhibition, depending on the division that is active and the target that is affected. Answer: TRUE 15) The celiac ganglion is primarily associated with the sympathetic division. Answer: TRUE 16) The adrenal medulla is considered a "misplaced" sympathetic ganglion by some. Answer: TRUE 17) Acetylcholine is the substance released by the axonal endings of the somatic efferent fibers and by the parasympathetic nerve fiber endings. Answer: TRUE 18) Most body organs are innervated by only the sympathetic division of the nervous system. Answer: FALSE 19) Cranial nerves VII, IX, and X contain postganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic nervous system. Answer: FALSE 20) The ANS stimulates smooth and skeletal muscles and glands, whereas the somatic nervous system innervates cardiac muscles only. Answer: FALSE 21) Norepinephrine-releasing fibers are called cholinergic fibers. Answer: FALSE 22) Autonomic ganglia are motor ganglia only. Answer: TRUE 23) The craniosacral division is another name for the parasympathetic division. Answer: TRUE 24) Most blood vessels are innervated by the sympathetic division alone. Answer: TRUE 25) The blood vessels of the skin are one of the few areas of the body where the vessels are innervated by both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. Answer: FALSE 26) All splanchnic nerves are sympathetic. Answer: FALSE 12 Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

27) Splanchnic nerves pass through the abdominal aortic plexus. Answer: TRUE 28) The structures that specifically exhibit vasomotor tone are mostly under sympathetic control. Answer: TRUE 29) Because parasympathetic fibers never run in spinal nerves, rami communicantes are associated only with the sympathetic division. Answer: TRUE 30) Rami communicantes are designated white or grey to indicate whether or not the fibers passing through them are myelinated. Answer: TRUE Multiple-Choice Questions 31) The secretions of the adrenal medulla act to supplement the effects of ________. A) parasympathetic innervation B) sympathetic stimulation C) vagus nerve activity D) neurosecretory substances Answer: B 32) Preparing the body for the "fight-or-flight" response is the role of the ________. A) sympathetic nervous system B) cerebrum C) parasympathetic nervous system D) somatic nervous system Answer: A 33) The somatic and autonomic nervous systems differ in all of the following except ________. A) their effectors B) their efferent pathways C) to some degree in target responses to their neurotransmitters D) all of the neurotransmitters Answer: D 34) The parasympathetic ganglion that serves the eye is the ________. A) ciliary ganglion B) pterygopalatine ganglion C) submandibular ganglion D) otic ganglion Answer: A

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35) Over 90% of all parasympathetic fibers are derived from cranial nerve number ________. A) V B) VII C) X D) XII Answer: C 36) The "resting and digesting" division of the autonomic nervous system is the ________. A) parasympathetic division B) sympathetic division C) somatic division D) peripheral nervous system Answer: A 37) Control of temperature, endocrine activity, and thirst are functions associated with the ________. A) medulla B) cerebellum C) hypothalamus D) thalamus Answer: C 38) Which of these effectors is not directly controlled by the autonomic nervous system? A) smooth muscle B) cardiac muscle C) skeletal muscle D) most glands Answer: C 39) Which of the following is not a result of parasympathetic stimulation? A) salivation B) dilation of the pupils C) increased peristalsis of the digestive viscera D) elimination of urine Answer: B 40) Which of the following statements is not true? A) Sympathetic origin is craniosacral; parasympathetic is thoracolumbar. B) Sympathetic ganglia are within a few centimeters of the CNS; parasympathetic are close to visceral organs served. C) Sympathetic division has short preganglionic and long postganglionic fibers; parasympathetic has long preganglionic and short postganglionic fibers. D) Sympathetic has extensive branching of preganglionic fibers; parasympathetic has minimal branching of preganglionic fibers. Answer: A

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41) Sympathetic responses generally are widespread because ________. A) inactivation of ACh is fairly slow B) NE and epinephrine are secreted into the blood as part of the sympathetic response C) preganglionic fibers are short D) preganglionic fibers are long Answer: B 42) Sympathetic nerves may leave the spinal cord at which vertebra? A) second cervical B) third lumbar C) first coccyx D) first thoracic Answer: D 43) Autonomic ganglia contain ________. A) an outer connective tissue capsule around the cell bodies of preganglionic motor neurons B) synapses between postganglionic fibers and their effectors C) the cell bodies of motor neurons D) both somatic afferent and efferent neurons Answer: C 44) The parasympathetic fibers of the ________ nerves innervate smooth muscles of the eye that cause the lenses to bulge to accommodate close vision. A) optic B) oculomotor C) trochlear D) abducens Answer: B 45) Fibers that enter and leave the sympathetic chain without synapsing form structures called ________. A) white rami communicantes B) gray rami communicantes C) spinal nerves D) splanchnic nerves Answer: D 46) Which of the following is not a plexus of the vagus nerve? A) cardiac B) pulmonary C) celiac D) esophageal Answer: C

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47) The white rami communicantes ________. A) are found only in the - cord segments B) are unmyelinated C) carry preganglionic axons to the sympathetic chain D) carry postganglionic fibers to the periphery Answer: C 48) Which sympathetic fibers form the splanchnic nerve? A) those that synapse with parasympathetic fibers B) those that synapse in the same chain ganglion they entered C) those that synapse with somatic fibers D) those that pass through the trunk ganglion to synapse in collateral or prevertebral ganglia Answer: D 49) Sympathetic division stimulation causes ________. A) decreased blood glucose, increased GI peristalsis, and increased heart rate and blood pressure B) increased blood glucose, increased GI peristalsis, and decreased heart rate and blood pressure C) increased blood glucose, decreased GI peristalsis, and increased heart rate and blood pressure D) decreased blood glucose, increased GI peristalsis, and decreased heart rate and blood pressure Answer: C 50) The route of major parasympathetic outflow from the head is via the ________. A) sympathetic trunk B) phrenic nerve C) vagus nerve D) sacral nerve Answer: C 51) Parasympathetic functions include ________. A) a stimulation of heart rate and force of contraction B) allowing the body to cope with an external threat C) lens accommodation for close vision D) mobilizing storage energy sources Answer: C 52) The vagus nerve does not innervate the ________. A) pancreas B) kidneys C) parotid gland D) gallbladder Answer: C Fill-in-the-Blank/Short Answer Questions 53) The sympathetic division is often casually ...