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Republic of the Philippines DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Region IV-A CALABARZON Division of Biñan City BIÑAN INTEGRATED NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Science & Technology, Engineering and Mathematics FLOWER VASE EXITINGUISHERIn Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in Inquiries, Investigations, and Imme...

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Republic of the Philippines DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Region IV-A CALABARZON Division of Biñan City BIÑAN INTEGRATED NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Science & Technology, Engineering and Mathematics ______________________________________________________________ FLOWER VASE EXITINGUISHER

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in Inquiries, Investigations, and Immersion (3I’s)

CANADA, MARK CLINN GERONIMO, LEXAN MAGNAYE, WILSON MORALEJA, PAULINE RELANO, JOMARIE

January, 2020

Republic of the Philippines DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Region IV-A CALABARZON Division of Biñan City BIÑAN INTEGRATED NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Science & Technology, Engineering and Mathematics ________________________________________________________________ APPROVAL SHEET This research paper entitled “FLOWER VASE EXTINGUISHER” prepared and submitted by the following researchers in partial fulfillment of the requirements in 3I’s is hereby recommended for acceptance and approval.

CANADA, MARK CLINN

MORALEJA, PAULINE

GERONIMO, LEXAN

MAGNAYE, WILSON

RELANO, JOMARIE

Approved and accepted by the Research Teacher on Oral Examination with a grade of _______.

RUBEN P. GARCIA Research Teacher

Accepted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in Inquiries, Investigations, and Immersion (3I’s) . _________________ Date

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page…………………………………………………………………………….......i Approval sheet................................................................................................…...ii Table of contents…………………………………………………….………………....iii Abstract……………………………………………………………….…………....……iv Introduction………………………………………………………………….…………..1 Material and Methods…………………………………………………….……….……3 Results…………………………………………………………………………..............5 Discussion…………………………………………………………………….………....6 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………….………....6 Acknowledgement………………………………………….……………………….......7 Recommendation...................................................................................................7 Reference…………………………………………………………………….................8

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Abstract This paper describes the experimental studies of Flower vase extinguisher as an alternative fire extinguishment. The components of the product are available near supermarket and sari-sari store in researchers’ area namely vinegar (acetic acid), baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) and tumbler. The purpose of the study is to have quick response to the fire when it occurs and to lessen the fire incidents that happen in the country of Philippines every year. The experiments are scheme to have alternative fire extinguishment which can help to achieve the objectives of the researchers. It also intends to know its efficiency in some types of fire that occur in the researchers community and how possible to lessen the damaged caused by fire. The outcome showed the efficiency of flower vase extinguisher as an fire extinguishment. The product is very effective to use in ordinary combustible materials such as paper, wood, clothes and flammable liquids like kerosene, diesel, oil and etc.

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Introduction Philippines is one of the country in asia that experienced a fire thats why we observed march as fire prevention month. March is one of the hottest months of the year and it marks the beginning of summer season in the Philippines. It is also the month that has one of the most alarming fire incidents in the country, based on data by the Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP). Due to high sensible temperature, every area across the country is fire-prone, especially the clustered communities in both rural and urban areas. In 2018, the BFP has recorded a total of 14, 316 fire incidents from January 1 to December 27. Fires are destructive and it can break out anytime and anywhere. It can result to devastating situations such as death and it can burn down entire properties within minutes. According to the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), fires can be diminished by the use of a fire extinguisher. For apartment building and medical centers, the presence of a fire extinguisher can provide incredible benefits. The mere presence of a fire extinguisher can have a significant impact towards diminishing the damage caused by a fire. However, not all of household in the Philippines are capable of having fire extinguisher because of its price and they are not priority to have it in their home. In addition, the flower vase extinguisher can be used as alternative fire extinguisher. Fire occurs whenever combustible fuel in the presence of oxygen at an extremely high temperature becomes gas. Flames are the visual indicator of the heated gas. Fire can also occur from lower-temperature sources. Over time, combustible materials such as smoldering embers can reach their ignition

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temperature. The fire triangle is a simple way of understanding the elements of fire. The sides of the triangle represent the interdependent ingredients needed for fire: heat, fuel and oxygen. Flower vase extinguisher have vinegar and baking soda that when mixed can produced a carbon dioxide that is needed to turn off fire. The components of flower vase extinguisher are tumbler, vinegar and baking soda that are available in the nearest supermarket all over the Philippines. Everyone is capable of buying these materials because of its price are affordable that even poor people can buy. Moreover, the flower vase extinguisher are made up of light material that makes it easy to carry and throw to the fire and have a quick response when a fire occur. From 2013 to 2017, the BFP recorded a total of 77,724 fire incidents, or an average of 15,545 fire incidents every year or 42 fire incidents a day. During the period, the total estimated damage to property reached P23. 273 billion or an average of P4. 65 billion every year. The researcher’s intention is to find substitute ingredients in making a fire extinguisher, response in fire incident in a short period of time and make affordable fire extinguishment.

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Literature Review According to Trees D. & Seshadri K. (2018), Sodium bicarbonate at the heating decomposes into sodium carbonate, carbon dioxide and water. As a result, sodium bicarbonate is able to slow down the combustion process when it used as polymer filler. The thermal stability of the prepared samples was investigated at the heating in air using thermal analysis. The mechanical characteristics of epoxy composites were also studied. The gaseous products of thermal oxidative degradation were studied using mass spectrometric analysis. It was found that sodium bicarbonate accelerates the process of thermal oxidative degradation of the epoxy composites in the initial stage, but enhances thermal stability in the final stage. The addition of boric acid to sodium bicarbonate as filler is recommended to improve the thermal stability of the epoxy polymer. According to Murashkina Y. & Lipchansky D. (2018) experimental study is conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) powder in extinguishing flames burning hydrocarbon fuels. Experiments are performed on flames stabilized in a counterflow burner. Powders with various particle sizes are used. The minimum amount of NaHC03 powder required to extinguish these flames is measured and compared with previous measurements using CF3Br and N2. The results show NaHCO3, to be much more effective than CF3Br and N2, in extinguishing the flames. The calculated equilibrium temperatures of NaHCO3 inhibited flames close to extinction show that NaHCO3, inhibits the flame by chemical mechanisms.

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According to Daniel Vallero et.al,(2013), Sand is a cheap and useful extinguisher of fires. It acts as a smothering agent separating the fuel from the air. In addition to sand, sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) is used as a dry chemical for class A, B, and C fires. Sodium bicarbonate acts in a very different way to sand. It decomposes at 270 °C according to the reaction it acts in a number of ways; the decomposition products are water (a good fire-fighting chemical), CO2 (which smothers the fire), and sodium carbonate powder which also acts as an inert smothering agent. Further, the reaction is endothermic, so it absorbs heat from the fire and this helps in reducing the temperature. In a fire extinguisher, the powder is driven out of its container by either nitrogen or CO2 under pressure. Research Design In this study, the researchers chose an experimental research design best serve to answer the questions and the purpose of the study. Materials and Equipment This research involves water, baking soda, vinegar and tumbler to make alternative fire extinguisher ● Tumbler ● Baking soda ● Vinegar ● Water Other materials to be used includes glue sticks, measuring tools and flowers.

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Procedure Step 1. Gather all materials needed for experiment.

Baking soda

Tumbler

Vinegar

Step 2. Make a hole in the cover of the tumbler

Step 3. Put together the two cover of the tumbler using glue stick and in bottom of the cover attached the plastic tube.

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Step 4. Put 25 grams of baking soda ( sodium bicarbonate) in the tumbler.

Step 5. Add 50 ml of vinegar ( Acetic Acid)

Step 6. Add 400 ml of water

Instrument The researcher burned 80 pieces of paper, 3 pcs of wood that is 1 meter length and 1 meter wide and 100 pcs of dry mango leaves, for class A and 250 ml of kerosene for class B. Results

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To test its efficiency, the researchers manage to record all the results of the experiment after explosion. Graph 1. Efficiency by pouring to 0.4 meters high fire. Ingredients

Excess

Time

Efficiency

8 sec

100%

3 sec

100%

Ingredients

Tumbler A

350 ml of

(Percentage) 4%

Tumbler B

water 25 grams of

57%

baking soda and 300 ml of water

The graph shows that Tumbler A is 100% efficient in time of 8 seconds. Tumbler A has 4% excess ingredients which means 96% of total ingredients used in the experiment. Tumbler B shows that it is 100 efficient in 3 seconds pouring to the fire. It has 57% excess ingredients after experiment which means on 43% of the total amount used. The graph shows that baking soda has significant impact in extinguishing fire

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Graph 2. Efficiency rate Vs. Time

Based on the graph, the product is 100% effective after 3 seconds explosion, 80% in 6 seconds, 60% in 9 seconds, 40% in 12 seconds, 20% in 15 seconds and 0% in 20 seconds. Graph 3. Product mass Note. 1 ml = 1 gram Ingredients Water Vinegar Baking soda tumbler

Volume / mass 400 ml 50 ml 25 g Total mass

The graph shows that the product is light weight so that it is easy to carry the location of the fire.

Discussion:

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As the researchers conduct the experiment, various findings had been noticeable. The product that composed of vinegar, water and baking soda are capable of as fire extinguishment. It took less than a second to kill off the fire. In terms of how quick to respond in the fire, the researcher found out that it depends on the location of the flower vase extinguisher, where the fire occurs and how fast the person who carry the product. Through the process everything went well as the researchers use appropriate materials and followed the proper procedures.

CONCLUSION: Through the years, the incident of fire increases which is very alarming to the Filipino people. Many properties burned instantly because of fire and they have nothing to do but to build houses for their shelter again. The researchers found out that flower vase extinguisher can be used as an alternative fire extinguishment which can be use by every households. From the results, the researchers came up with an eduction that the product can be used as an fire extinguishment with many benefits namely, immediate response to kill off the fire, affordable, light weight and possibly lessen the damage in the property. The whole study is pertaining to make an alternative fire extinguishment through putting together the vinegar, water, baking soda and make a carbon dioxide in process of chemical reaction. This gas will be replaced the oxygen which one of the compositions of fire. Inclusively every method may did not work

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correspond to the plan but in the end, researcher find a way to make good and useful product. Recommendation 1. This study suggests to the future researchers to try the product not only in type A and B fires but to the other types of fire. 2. This study suggests to the make a bigger fire to test the product efficiency and to have accurate information. 3. Used tumbler that is easy to break. 4. We recommend to the future researcher to show how to CO2 produced by mixing vinegar and baking soda and how CO2 affects the fire triangle to stop combustion process.

Acknowledgement The researchersfilled with gratitude to the Almighty God for set up our minds to complete and succeed this research. The researcher wish to express the sincere thanks to Mr. Ruben P. Garcia for providing us with some knowledgeable information on how to overcome the study and also for his constant encouragement extended to the team. I also place on our record, my sense of gratitude to all members of our group who gladly participated and give their best until the succeeding end.

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Reference/Bibliography https://pia.gov.ph/features/articles/1019379? fbclid=IwAR3dViFvy9cDrGzWDndhhV4rk1rwMHJIJ_sVlYIjEA8czOCmwR 4SnPydTqA https://smokeybear.com/en/about-wildland-fire/fire-science/elements-offire?fbclid=IwAR1VY-0cwKa3slXN25dbJStR55Mi9pVvhxgsP8pMKjjmffW8Nev67fNFJs https://www.philstar.com/nation/2018/12/28/1880369/fire-incidentsincreased-84-percent-2018?fbclid=IwAR1Tm8ZsTpCAk3C8G3ipbmpo1g6WuLymuzjxRY4ZRIdRY9P2Jwdd1QMDD0 https://www.ifsec.events/philippines/visit/news-and-updates/tragedy-firesdeath-and-destruction-philippines? fbclid=IwAR0IYfxLceLxNJPBKSbUYTiIfbXUuMATU9mS_6Ul9yGbGq99m WVgLy8saPs Yuliya Murashkina, Dmitry Lipchansky. (2018) Epoxy Composites Filled with Sodium Bicarbonate: Thermal and Mechanical Properties. Key Engineering Materials 781, pages 159-164 D. TREES & K. SESHADRI, Experimental Studies of Flame Extinction by Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHC03) Powder

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Daniel

Vallero

et.al,(2013),”Unrevaling

Environment

Disaster”.

Retrieved

from:https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/fireextinguisher....