RHS 300 Chapter 1-4 PDF

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Chapter 1: Human services

Helping people meet their basic needs that for whatever reason cannot be met without outside assistance

Rehabilitation

Process of helping people with disabilities to lead integrated, productive lives

Disability

Physical or mental impairment that limits and individual’s functioning

Handicap

A barrier that limits or prevents fulfillment of a role as the result of a disability

Functional limitation

Any restriction or lack of ability (resulting from an impairment) to perform an activity considered “normal” for a person

Psychological needs

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Need to deal with trauma from past abuse After enduring a disaster

Barriers that people face from getting their basic needs met and their owen resources for overcoming these obstacles are insufficient

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Lack of family Lack of healthy support system of friends Mental illness Poverty Social exclusion Racism Oppression Trauma Natural disasters Lack of education Lack of employment skills Unemployment Economic recession physical/intellectual disability

*The primary goal of human services is to assist people in achieving self-sufficiency and reaching their optimal level of functioning. Marginalized groups/populations

Denied involvement in mainstream economic, political, cultural, and social activities.

Generalist skill set

Enables us to work with a wide range of clients, with diverse backgrounds, dealing with a wide range of challenges , within varying contexts.

General systems theory

Foundational framework used in human services because it reflects systemic interactions. Based on the premise that various elements in an environment interact with one another and that this interaction has an impact on all elements or components involved. - Systems influence our thoughts, attitudes, beliefs, behaviors, and sense of identity

Microsystem

Includes family

Mesosystem

Elements such as one’s neighborhood and school

Exosystem

Elements such as the state government

Macrosystem

One’s broader culture

Primary principle of bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory

Individuals can best be understood when evaluated in the context of their relationships with the various systems in their lives, and understanding the nature of these reciprocal relationships will aid in understanding the individual holistically.

Person-in-environment

Encourages practitioners to evaluate individuals within the context of their environment

Maslow's hierarchy of needs

Chapter 2:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Physiological needs Safety and security Love and belonging Self-esteem Self actualization

Feudalism

Privileged and wealthy landowners would parcel off small sections of their land, which would then be worked by peasants or serfs. - Governmentally imposed form of slavery or servitude because individuals became serfs through racial and economic discrimination

Poor relief in the middle ages was the responsibility of the catholic church

Catholic bishops administered poor care through the support of mandatory taxes or compulsory tithing.

Tudor poor laws

Placed responsibility for dealing with the poor at the local level and reflected a complete intolerance of idleness. Local police scoured the cities in search of beggars and vagrants, and once found were determined worthy or unworthy

Worthy poor

Those who could not work

Unworthy poor

Those who were able bodied but refused to work

Pregnant women, those who were extremely ill, anyone over age of 60

Justifiably poor

Cycle of poverty

Social or economic dynamics.

Elizabethan poor laws of 1601

A system of poor relief for england and wales - Reflected an organized merging of England's earlier, sometimes conflicting and erratic, social welfare legislation. - Formalized many of the driving principles rooted in the tudor poor laws, including the belief that the primary responsibility for provision of the poor resided with one’s family, that poor relief should be handled at the local level, that vagrancy was a criminal offense, and that individuals should not be allowed to move to a new community if unable to provide for themselves financially

Indoor relief

Provided for the unworthy poor. Consisted of mandatory institutionalization in workhouses or poorhouses, where residents were forced to work. Designed to be harsh with hope they serve as deterrent for those who lacked the skill or desire to work

Outdoor relief

Money, clothing, food baskets, and medicine provided in the homes of those who were worthy poor

Social darwinism

Based on belief that environmental competition natural selection - ensured that only the strongest and most fit organisms would survive. - Darwin believed that humans were subject to natural law as well and economic competition was a necessary component of natural selection

Charity organization societies COS

First organized efforts in the US to provide charity to the poor. Began in England in response to increased urbanization and immigration and common frustration with the current welfare system. Started by REv. S. Humphreys Gurteen who believed in the duty of good christians to provide an organized and systematic way of addressing the plight of the poor in a manner that would increase self sufficiency and personal responsibility.

Settlement house

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judge, they would come to the house and assess you and determine the cause of poverty. If it was deemed reasonable, they would give you the relief

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Poverty was caused by problems within society and not idleness and moral deficiency Addams advocated for changes within social structure of society in order to remove barriers House workers lived right alongside the immigrant families they endeavored to help. Provided a safe, clean home, provided comprehensive care suc has assistance with food, healthcare, english language lessons, child care, and general advocacy Recognizing the role that society played in the ongoing plight of the poor

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President Hoover 1929 stock market crash. Pushed to developed first comprehensive system of social welfare on a federal level

Roosevelt created the new deal programs. - Civil works administration which provided jobs - Federal emergency relief act which

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provided aid and food to unemployed, replaced by works progress administration Civilian conservation corp put thousands of men into work in reforestation and other conservation programs. Social security Aid to families with dependent children Federal deposit insurance corporation Securities and exchange commission JFK signed into law the community mental health centers act which transitioned from institutionalization to community health model Lyndon b johnson introduced great society program which were a set of social welfare programs designed to eliminate poverty and racial injustice - Economic opportunity act - Civil rights act - Food stamp act - Medicare - Medicaid - Older americans act - Elementary and secondary education act - US department of housing and urban development - Voting rights act Nixon: opposed welfare Reagan: based platform in large part of welfare reform.

Neoliberal philosophies

Political movement embraced by most political conservatives, espousing a belief that capitalism and the free market economy were far better solutions to many social conditions, including poverty, than government programs, which were inefficient and poorly run

Personal responsibility and work opportunity reconciliation act

Wide support for welfare reform as well as for the underlying philosophical beliefs about the causes of poverty and effective poverty alleviation methods

Temporary assistance for needy families

Replaced aid to families with dependent children

TANF has 4 primary goals

1. Provide help to needy families and their

children 2. Promote job preparation, employment, and marriage so families no longer need to depend on government assistance 3. Reduce out of wedlock birth 4. Encourage two parent families TANF

Modest cash assistance for basic needs, transitional services focused on self sufficiency (such as vocational training, rehabilitation and child care), substance abuse, mental health, and domestic violence screening and referrals

TANF time limit

60 months of lifetime benefits

Christan right

Group of individuals from conservatrive christian denominations who espouse conservative family values, personal responsibility, adn smaller government.

Gay & lesbian alliance agasint defamation benefits and protections that marriage offers

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Automatic inheritance Child custody/parenting/adoption rights Hospital visitation Medical decision-making power Standing to sue for wrongful death of a spouse Divorce protections spousal/child support Access to family insurance policies Exemption from property tax upon death of a spouse Immunity from being forced to testify against one’s spouse Domestic violence protections

Ida B. Wells

Campaigned against racial oppression and inequality established the foundation for the civil rights movement

Patient protection and affordable care act

Comprehensive health care legislation essentially overhauling much of the US healthcare system

Chapter 3:

Ethics

References to a set of guiding principles or moral values. Set of standards that provide guidance to individuals within a particular discipline with the goal of assisting them in resolving ethical dilemmas

Relative moral principles

One must consider the appropriateness of a certain behavior within situational context, or one's culture - shared values among a community of people

People often use their emotions to justify their unethical or immoral behavior Kitchener's model of ethical decision making assumes that all ethical behaviors are presumed to be based on:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Autonomy Beneficence Nonmaleficence Justice Fidelity

Cultural context

Understanding that all cultures are different and value different things

NOHS website states its purpose is to

Connect educators, students, practitioners, and clients within the field of human services - Members agree to abide by a set of ethical standards - Standards are organized by categories pertaining to: - Responsibilities to clients - Responsibilities to community and society - Responsibility to colleagues - Responsibility to the profession - Responsibilities to employers

Human service practitioner's duty to clients includes the recognition of the client's strengths, the right to confidentiality except in cases where this right may be limited such as in cases of harm to self or others, the obligation to avoid having sexual or romantic relationships with clients, avoiding imposing personal biases and values on clients, protection of client records and information electronically

Consequences of violations of ethical standards Purpose of ethical codes

Losing license, jail, getting fined/sued -

Protects the client and practitioner Purpose: standard that everyone follows. Protects the practitioner and client, guide if we get into an ethical dilemma

Duty to warn

Duty to warn someone else if a patient says they want to hurt them

Informed consent

The client knows what they're getting into

Chapter 4: Generalist practice model

Model of working with people in a helping capacity that focuses on basic skills involved in the helping process - Theoretical approach used to help individuals, families, groups, organizations, and communities - Basic skills and capacities that can be used with a broad range of clients and client systems

Informed consent

Disclosing to clients the nature and risks of the counseling relationship prior to their engaging in these services.

Privileged communication

So vital to mental health treatment, it's a legal mandate in every state. - Confidentiality is to develop trust, clients

have a safe place to discuss private thoughts and feelings Authorization to release information

Legal document that provides all relevant information about what information can be released, how its to be released, and for what purpose its being released - When client is legally mandated to receive mental health treatment and does not comply - When clients pose a danger to themselves or others - Cases of suspected child abuse, maltreatment, and neglect

Mandated clients

Required by some legal requirement to seek mental health treatment

Duty to protect

disclose information to family or law enforcement that they want to kill themselves

HIPAA privacy rule

Patients have the right to have their personally identifiable medical and mental health information remain confidential and protected - Insurance companies, health care providers, health care clearinghouses are all protected entities - Life insurers, employers, school/district, state agencies like child protective service agencies and law enforcement agencies are not protected

Mandated reporter

Required by law to report all cases of suspected child abuse, maltreatment, and neglect to the appropriate authroirites.

Assessments What skills do we need when doing assessments?

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Active listening, observation skills, asking open ended questions, patience

Psychosocial assessment

Report that includes comprehensive information about clients and their needs that will be relied upon when developing an intervention and treatment plan

Strengths based approach

Their strengths as well as needs are identified

Family genogram

Understand the big picture of clients' lives.

Case management

Coordination of services and advocacy for clients and involves human service professionals working with other professionals to coordinate an array of services for the client that diminishes fragmentation and service gaps - Collaboration with professionals from other disciplines - Identifying community resources - Utilize a social services directory - Coordinate delivery of services - Participate as a member of a multidisciplinary team - Determine local access to services - Maintain a social services directory - Participate in case conferences - Serve as liaison to other agencies - Coordinate service plan with other service providers

Task centered approach

Works with clients who feel paralyzed in response to the challenge of various psychosocial problems - Focuses on problem solving

Cultural competence

Reflective of counselors ability to work effectively with people of color and ethnic minority populations by being sensitive to their needs and recognizing their unique experiences

Three strikes law

Sends a young man to jail for 25 years for a 3rd but relatively harmless offense

Caste system

Deems one group of people more worthy than another

Types of macro practice

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Community development Community organizing Policy practice (p 86) Cyberactivism...